Portage LearningBIOD 152A&P2 Module 4, Exams of Nursing

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Exam 4

Questi

on 1:

Which body system supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients and carries away waste? Nervous system Respiratory system Urinary System Circulatory System

Question 2:

The heart is contained in the cavity. Pericardial Pleural Septal Rectoperineal

Question 3:

Which layer of heart is composed of the contractile cardiac muscle? Pericardium Endocardium Myocardium Mediastinal ****CAN ALSO ASK:** Which layer of heart anchors it to the diaphragm? A. Endocardium B. Mediastinal

C. Myocardium

D. Pericardium

Question 4: What is the purpose of the fossa ovalis in a fetus?

The fossa ovalis marks the place of an opening between the

atria which is present in all developing fetuses. It allows fetal

blood to move directly from right to le# atrium, bypassing he

undeveloped lungs. The fossa ovalis closes during birth so that

the lungs can receive oxygen once the baby is born.

****CAN ALSO ASK:** What is the purpose of the mitral valve?

The mitral valve controls the flow of blood from the left

atrium into the left ventricle.

Question 5: Label the figure below (A-E): A: B: C: D: (In blue) E:

A: Superior

Vena Cava B:

Right Atrium

C: Tricuspid/Right AV valve D: Left ventricle

E. Pulmonary Valve

Question 6: Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

Right Coronary Artery

Question 7: Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

Left coronary artery

Question 8: Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

Circumflex

branch

Question 9:

True or False: Arteries have high amounts of stretch with little recoil.

False, it is the veins

****CAN ALSO ASK:** True or False: Veins carry blood towards the heart.

True

Question 10: Which vessel would you expect to be the best place to feel a strong pulse?

Subclavian vein Subclavian artery Superior vena cava Brachiocephalic vein ****CAN ALSO ASK:** Which vessel would you expect to be the best place to feel a strong pulse? A. Subclavian vein B. Inferior vena cava

C. Common carotid

D. Brachiocephalic vein

Question 11:

What is the correct order of blood flow starting from the heart? Artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → vein Arteriole → artery → capillary → vein → venule Artery → capillary → arteriole → venule → vein Vein → venule → capillary → arteriole → artery

Question 12:

Which layer of a vessel helps anchor it to the surrounding structures? Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima Subendothelial tissue ****CAN ALSO ASK:** Which layer of a vessel contains the muscular layer? A. Tunica externa

B. Tunica media

C. Tunica intima D. Vessels do not contain a muscular layer

Question 13:

The aortic arch turns to become the? Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Ascending aorta Descending aorta

Question 14:

A patient had a stroke in their frontal lobe. What vessel was most likely blocked? Anterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Basilar artery Vertebral artery

Question 15:

These two arteries of the circle of Willis rise along both sides of the spinal cord, joining in the brainstem:

Vertebral arteries (left and right)

****CAN ALSO ASK:** These two arteries of the circle of Willis arise from the common carotid arteries in the neck.

Internal carotid arteries

(left and right) Question

16:

What is the name of the artery in the figure below (in blue also indicated by the arrow)?

Anterior

communicating

Question 17:

Use the figure below to answer the following question. Portion A is filled with air. Which part of the medical equipment shown below ( B-F ) releases the air from A?

E. The valve

****CAN ALSO ASK:** Use the figure below to answer the following question. Which part of the medical equipment (B-F) is squeezed to inflate A?

F. The bulb

Question 18: True or False: The liquid portion of blood is called formed elements. True

False

****CAN ALSO ASK:** True or False: The cell portion of blood is called formed elements.

True

Questio

n 19:

True or False: Hydrostatic pressure is the net pressure which pushes fluid into the tissues.

True

False

Question 20:

The portion of blood responsible for maintaining blood pH is:

Plasma

Serum Formed elements Hydrostatic pressure

****CAN ALSO ASK:** The average pH of blood is near: A.

B. 5.

C. 7.

D. 9.

Question 21:

A does not contain a nucleus: White blood cell Red blood cell Megakaryocyte Lymphocyte

Question 22:

Which statement is true concerning the events in the coagulation cascade? Platelets destroy the fibrin network. Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen. Plasmin becomes trapped in the fibrin threads.

Prothrombin is converted to thrombin.

Question 23: The sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. Left, systemic circuit Right, pulmonary circuit Left, pulmonary circuit Right, systemic circuit ****CAN ALSO ASK:** Oxygenated blood is pumped from heart through the to the rest of the body.

A. Left, systemic circuit

B. Right, pulmonary circuit C. Left, pulmonary circuit D. Right, systemic circuit

Question 24:

The “pacemaker of the heart” is in what location? Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle

Question 25: You are reviewing your patient’s results from an EKG. The findings indicate a problem with ventricular depolarization. Where should you look on the EKG to find this abnormal rhythm? T-wave

QRS complex

P-wave The electrical activity cannot be read on an EKG ****CAN ALSO ASK:** You are reviewing your patient's results from an EKG. The findings indicate a problem with ventricular repolarization. Where should you look on the EKG to find this abnormal rhythm?

A. T-wave

B. QRS complex C. P-wave D. The electrical activity cannot be read on an EKG

Question 26:

Your patient’s EKG results indicate difficulty with le# and right atrial systole. What part of the conduction system is not functioning properly? Atrioventricular node SA node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers

Question 27:

Which statement is true concerning the cardiac cycle? A. The atrial contraction time is longer than the ventricle contraction time. B. The ventricular contraction time is longer than the atrial contraction time. C. Systole refers to the relaxation of the heart chambers. D. Diastole refers to the contraction of the heart chambers. E. C & D are true

Question 28:

A patient is suspected to have pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure. Which side of the heart would be in failure? Explain your answer.

The left side of the heart would be in failure. If the le# side of

the heart cannot pump blood out to the body tissues

efficiently, blood and fluid will back up into the lungs.

****CAN ALSO ASK:** A patient is suspected to have peripheral edema due to heart failure. Which side of the heart would be in failure? Explain your answer.

The right side of the heart would be in failure. If the right

side of the heart cannot pump blood into the heart

efficiently, blood and fluid will back up into the veins,

causing swelling in body tissues.

Question 29: A patient has a diagnosis of left sided heart failure. Which of the following signs/symptoms would they most likely present with?

Shortness of breath at rest

Swollen ankles All the above

Question 30:

A patient is admitted to the ER with a thromboembolism. Your patient is given t-PA. Why? To make your patient sleep To calm your patient’s anxiety To help dissolve blood clots To convert fibrinogen to fibrin ****CAN ALSO ASK:** A patient is admitted to the ER with a myocardial infarction. What signs/symptoms could they display? A. Shortness of breath B. Angina pectoris C. Heartburn D. Pressure over the chest

E. All the above

Question 31: Your patient has a diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Is your patient at a higher or lower risk for a thromboembolism? Explain your reasoning.

Higher risk. Thromboembolism is an embolus that becomes

lodged in a vessel as it travels. Atherosclerosis is an

accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials, often

cholesterol, inside arteries. These deposits called plaque

accumulate beneath the inner linings of arteries. Plaque can

cause a clot to form on the irregular arterial wall. If the clot

becomes dislodged it can travel and clog a smaller artery in

its path.

Question 32: Your patient is admitted to the hospital for a coronary artery bypass. Use your own words to explain to your patient about what is going to happen in this surgery.

During this operation, a segment of another blood vessel from

the patient’s body and stitch one end of the aorta and the

other end to a coronary artery past the point of obstruction.

Once the heart is exposed, some physicians may also use lasers

to open clogged coronary vessels.