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Portage Microbiology Exam #5 |Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified, Exams of Biology

Yale UniversityBiology

Portage Microbiology Exam #5 |Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/06/2025

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Portage Microbiology Exam #5 |Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified |
2024
Define the concept of universal precautions (short answer) - ✔✔Universal precautions means any and
all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic)
materials
List at lease 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing and unknown microbial
sample (short answer) - ✔✔Need to note:
1. Size and shape
2. Any observable motility
3. Gram status (positive or negative)
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following
observations: 1) the presence of any motility and 2) its Gram status using the same sample- the liquid
sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why? (short answer) - ✔✔You must
determine motility before determining Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount, while gram staining
requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the gram stain, the heat fixation process
would kill the organism, making any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct approach
would be to place the liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the same
liquid culture can be heat fixed and gram stained.
A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? (short answer) -
✔✔A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without
oxygen) conditions
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Download Portage Microbiology Exam #5 |Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Portage Microbiology Exam #5 |Questions with

100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified |

Define the concept of universal precautions (short answer) - ✔✔Universal precautions means any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials List at lease 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing and unknown microbial sample (short answer) - ✔✔Need to note:

  1. Size and shape
  2. Any observable motility
  3. Gram status (positive or negative) While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following observations: 1) the presence of any motility and 2) its Gram status using the same sample- the liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why? (short answer) - ✔✔You must determine motility before determining Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount, while gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the gram stain, the heat fixation process would kill the organism, making any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct approach would be to place the liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the same liquid culture can be heat fixed and gram stained. A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? (short answer) - ✔✔A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions

True or False: The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus - ✔✔False. The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide beta-hemolytic strep The distinctions for Lancefield subgroups lie in its: (select all that apply) A. Catalase activity B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens C. Hemolytic activity D. All of the above - ✔✔B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens Rheumatic fever displays _____ hemolytic activity and occurs when _____ if left untreated - ✔✔Beta: strep. Pharyngitis True or False: Under most circumstances, staphylococcus can be found in ~80% of human population where it remains non-symptomatic - ✔✔False. Staphylococcus in only found (non-symptomatic) in ~30% of the human population Define commensal bacteria (short answer) (know term and definition first) - ✔✔The bacterium neither harms nor benefits from the host from which it obtains nutrients How can staphylococcus be differentially tested? (short answer) - ✔✔Staphylococcus species are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts Symptoms of folliculitis - ✔✔Pus-filled lesions on skin or hair

D. Hansen's disease E. Bacterial conjunctivitis - ✔✔B & D (Hansen's disease is another name for leprosy) True or False: Only directly ingesting the pre-formed clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults - ✔✔True While visiting his grandparents, a 10-year old child has green beans for dinner that were harvested from his grandparents' garden and canned the previous year. Severe illness sets in and the child is taken to the hospital. Botulism is suspected, but what form? (short answer) - ✔✔Foodbourne botulism. The child is too old (> 6 months) to be considered and wounds were not present. The green beans were likely improperly canned and under the low-acidic, anaerobic conditions, bacterial growth was encouraged True or False: Although there is no cure for tetanus, it can be prevented through vaccination - ✔✔True. There is not cure for tetanus, however tetanus is entirely preventable through vaccination Describe the symptoms and treatment regimen for someone infected with Clostridium pefringens (short answer) - ✔✔Clostridium perfringens presents with muscle necrosis, swelling of infected areas, fever, and intense gas production. Treatment entails removal of all infected tissue, often resulting in amputation of the affected areas, in conjunction with heavy antibiotic therpies Why does the alpha toxin (perfringolysin) produced during an infection of gas gangrene cause cell death? (short answer) - ✔✔The toxin perforates the membrane. It forms pores in the plasma membrane of host cells resulting in uncontrolled ion fluxes and eventually cell lysis and death You develop a fever, chills, and pneumonia after recently using a warm midst vaporizer in an attempt to open your sinuses. What bacterial disease would a doctor suspect is causing your symptoms? Would the

doctor suspect you contracted it from touching (potentially) contaminated doorknobs? (short answer) - ✔✔Legionnaires. No- legionella cannot be spread simply by direct contact between two people. Legionella can only be transmitted through droplets small enough to be breathed in True or False: Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes - ✔✔True Which form of the plague is highly virulent? What does it target? - ✔✔Pneumonic plague and the respiratory system Identify the following disease (hand with black center at site of infection) (short answer) - ✔✔Anthrax Gonnorrhea is caused by (multiple choice) - ✔✔Diplococcic bacteria True or False: Chlamydia trachomatis can be grown on an agar plate alone - ✔✔False. Chlyamydia is an obligate parasite and requires a host for growth Gonnorhea symptoms if left untreated - ✔✔Cardiac and neurological complications Syphilis symptoms if left untreated - ✔✔Paralysis, blindness and dementia Chlamydia symptoms if left untreated - ✔✔Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease As Streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides? Why? (short answer) - ✔✔Streptococcus would not survive in the presence of peroxides—it is unable to breakdown

A 5-month-old child is given honey at breakfast and begins showing symptoms consistent with botulism. Would the child's illness be classified as foodborne, infant or wound botulism? - ✔✔Infant. Although food (honey) is consumed, foodborne botulism is derived from improperly canned, low acid foods under anaerobic conditions. Such conditions were not described. No puncture wounds or injuries were described, ruling out wound. The child is suffering from infant botulism, as honey is a potential carrier of clostridium. The intestinal track of young children is still developing and clostridium is able to colonize and produce the associated toxin. Identify the medical condition characterized by robust carbohydrate fermentation under anaerobic conditions, swelling of the infected areas and fever. - ✔✔Gas gangrene. The key identifier here is the robust carbohydrate fermentation, which manifests as intense gas production and swelling—both trademark conditions of gas gangrene. You develop a fever, chills and pneumonia after recently returning from a getaway weekend where you sat in a hot tub. What bacterial disease would a doctor suspect is causing your symptoms? Would the doctor suspect you contracted it from another person? - ✔✔Legionnaires. No—legionella cannot be spread simply by direct contact between people. Legionella can only be transmitted through droplets small enough to be breathed in. True or False: Pneumonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes - ✔✔False. Bubonic targets the lymph system Which form of the plague is the most rare? What does it target? (short answer) - ✔✔Septicemic plague is the most rare and it targets the blood system Syphilis is caused by (multiple choice) - ✔✔Gram-negative spirochete

True or False: Chlamydia is an obligate parasite and as such can be grown on agar plates alone - ✔✔False The alpha toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition cause by gram positive anaerobic bacteria? - ✔✔ What disease has a bullseye rash? - ✔✔Lyme diseas Entry - ✔✔Mucus membranes are used to gain access to a hosts tissues Evasion - ✔✔Pathogen uses antigen mimicry to avoid host immune cells Attachment - ✔✔Adhesin factors are used to bind to a particular host tissues