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Portage Microbiology Exam
|Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated
& Verified | 2024
True or False: Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space, (much like the nucleus of a cell) viruses are classified as eukaryotic - ✔✔False. Viruses are neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic Describe the two basic components of a virus (short answer) - ✔✔A virus has 1. genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA and 2. a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell The _____ surrounds the capsid of some viruses - ✔✔Envelope The envelope surrounds the _____ of some viruses - ✔✔Capsid True or False: You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell - ✔✔False. The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria- infecting viruses are not True or False: You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a bacterial cell - ✔✔False: Not all the viruses have envelopes Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest: orthomyxovirus, poliovirus, variolavirus - ✔✔Variolavirus>Orthomyxovirus>Poliovirus
Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:Paramyxovirus, Poliovirus, Smallpox virus - ✔✔Smallpox>Paramyxovirus>Poliovirus True or False: Viral replication occurs after it attaches and enters the host cell - ✔✔True. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry True or False: Highly infectious viruses undergo genome replication prior to viral attachment and entry. - ✔✔False. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry regardless of its level of infectivity. Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of each step (short answer) - ✔✔Uncoating: the viral capsid disassembles Release: New virus particles are produced and leave the cell Replication: the viral genome is the 'blueprint' to make copies of itself Attachment: viral receptors bind to host proteins on the surface of the cell Entry: the virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell New Infection: newly produced viruses that left the host cell now go on to infect new cells A virus that infects bacteria is called a _____ and contains a _____ - side polygon capsid (fill in the blank)
- ✔✔Bacteriophage; 20-sided True or False: Structurally bacteriophages are similar to viruses that infect animals - ✔✔False. Bacteriophages have a distinct composition and structure
D. A and B E. None of the above - ✔✔E. Measles, mumps and rubella can all be spread via airborne particles formed while coughing, sneezing, etc. True or False: A patient infected with Rubella is considered infectious one week before and after the appearance of the trademark rash - ✔✔True True or False. A patient infected with Rubella is only considered infectious when the trademark rash is visible. - ✔✔False. A patient infected with Rubella is infectious one week before and one week after the appearance of the rash. Which of the following diseases does a linear, double-stranded DNA virus cause? A. Measles B Mumps C. Rubella D. B and C E. None of the above - ✔✔E. Measles, mumps, and rubella are linear, single-stranded RNA virus What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated? (short answer) - ✔✔Smallpox By whom and where was the first Polio vaccine developed? - ✔✔Jonas Salk and his research team developed the polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1955
What diseases displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes/ovaries and pancreas? (short answer) - ✔✔Mumps. They will have primary swelling in the parotid in the neck but will also have swelling in the testes/ovaries and pancreas What disease is best characterized by painful swelling of the parotid? (short answer) - ✔✔Mumps. A patient infected with mumps (aka epidemic parotitis) has swelling in the parotid (salivary glands) located in the neck A patient diagnosed with German measles may additionally experience what disease? Select all that apply A. Impetigo B. Conjuctivitis C. Rheumatic fever D. Influenza-like symptoms - ✔✔B and D You go to visit a friend who has chickenpox. While visiting what are two things you will be sure to avoid so you don't also become infected? - ✔✔1. You would want to be sure to keep a distance especially if your friend is coughing or sneezing as chickenpox can be transmitted through air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs). 2. You would also have to be absolutely certain to avoid direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual True or False: Someone who had chicken pox as a child is likely to develop shingles while in college, where the median age of college students is 18-22 years old - ✔✔False. The most common age for shingles reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people greater than 60 years of age
Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? - ✔✔Because you may be exposed to a viral strain that is not included in the making of the vaccine of the flu shot you took True or False: The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24 - ✔✔False. The HIV capsid is conical (cone shaped) True or False: The viral capsid of HIV is cone shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24 - ✔✔True The HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 binds what host cellular receptor? (multiple choice) - ✔✔D. CD The HIV surface glycoprotein gp41 binds what host cellular receptor? (multiple choice) - ✔✔CXCR As individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. Describe how the medication will affect the virus. - ✔✔Anti-retrovirals are intended to inhibit the process of reverse-transcription. Once the virus enters the cell and uncoating is complete, the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase acts on the two RNA copies, creating a complementary DNA strand. Anti-retrovirals attempt to block this step. In the absence of anti-retroviral medications, the now double-stranded DNA is transported to the nucleus where it can integrate into the host genome and begin replicating. By inhibiting the process of RT, anti- retroviral medications effectively block the production of new viruses by preventing its integration and replication.
