Portage Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam: Questions and Answers, Exams of Pathophysiology

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Portage pathophysiology module 8

exam 100% Correct.

Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: - ANSWER-The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits.

(false b/c the RAA responds when blood pressure drops below normal limits.)

Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH? - ANSWER-Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine.

(false b/c DECREASED levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine)

Cortical nephrons are characterized by the following except: - ANSWER-they originate deep in the cortex (false b/c they originate superficially in the cortex)

Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? - ANSWER-edema

Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the following except: - ANSWER-Na+ and water are reabsorbed in equal proportions

(The loop of Henle reabsorbed more Na+ and Cl- than water)

Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all that apply) - ANSWER- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels

Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels

Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: - ANSWER-Associated with a poor prognosis as it often leads to CKD

(the prognosis is good when underlying cause is treated)

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Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? - ANSWER-it involves humoral immunity

Which of the following is true of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol? - ANSWER-It is the active form of vitamin D, converted in the liver

A patient is said to be in stage 3a kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be? - ANSWER- mL/min/1.73m

Which of the following is true regarding tubular secretion? - ANSWER-H+ is secreted in the intercalated cells

A decrease in Na+ reabsorption is achieved through the action of which of the following? - ANSWER- diuretics

In the nephron, the mass of capillaries surrounded by an epithelial capsule that opens into a tubule is collectively referred to as the _______. - ANSWER-renal corpuscle

(glomerulus also accepted as correct)

The formation of erythropoietin is preceded by low levels of _______. - ANSWER-oxygen

The __________ has the largest impact on pH control. - ANSWER-renal control mechanism

A person who has a blood Mg2+ concentration of 1.2 mg/dL. Is considered to have _______. - ANSWER- hypomagnesemia

_______ failure is caused by conditions that damage the structures within the kidney. - ANSWER- intrarenal

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nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your reasoning for both answers. - ANSWER-The patient has a magnesium ammonium phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine. These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by bacteria that contains urease. Urease breaks urea down to form ammonia which raises the pH of the urine. This patient has a history of UTIs so this should be taken into consideration. This patient does not require a procedure to remove the stone. Since it is less than 5 mm in diameter, the stone should pass on its own. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to treat the UTI as well as medication for pain management.

A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3- = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO = 35-45 mm, HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L. - ANSWER-The patient is in metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system is not compensating as PCO2 compensation falls within normal limits. Fluids are replaced with normal saline solution.

A patient is in the ICU following open heart surgery. The patient was feeling well earlier in the day, but suddenly began to demonstrate signs of confusion and disorientation. Blood results reveal Na+ = 100 mEq/L. Based upon these symptoms and results of blood work, what electrolyte imbalance is this patient experiencing? What treatment is indicated for this imbalance? - ANSWER-This patient is experiencing euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. The administration of intravenous saline solution would be indicated to correct the sodium deficiency.