Portage Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Portage Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! portage pathophysiology module 8 exam questions and answers Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: - correct answer The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits. (false b/c the RAA responds when blood pressure drops below normal limits.) Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH? - correct answer Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine. (false b/c DECREASED levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine) Cortical nephrons are characterized by the following except: - correct answer they originate deep in the cortex (false b/c they originate superficially in the cortex) Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? - correct answer edema Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the following except: - correct answer Na+ and water are reabsorbed in equal proportions portage pathophysiology module 8 exam questions and answers (The loop of Henle reabsorbed more Na+ and Cl- than water) Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all that apply) - correct answer Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45 Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: - correct answer Associated with a poor prognosis as it often leads to CKD (the prognosis is good when underlying cause is treated) Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? - correct answer it involves humoral immunity Which of the following is true of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol? - correct answer It is the active form of vitamin D, converted in the liver portage pathophysiology module 8 exam questions and answers these times the renal autoregulatory system may be superseded by nervous system control. In this event, a narrowing of the afferent arteriole is caused by sympathetic nerve fibers followed by a release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla which leads to a subsequent decrease in renal flow and the GFR. A patient has a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and a subsequent electrolyte imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance may they experience given this condition? Explain why pancreatitis would lead to this imbalance. - correct answer Hypocalcemia. Acute pancreatitis causes the release of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. Free fatty acids are released during lipolysis in the pancreas. Ca2+ binds to these fatty acids removing them from the blood. Explain why the glomerulus is situated between 2 arterioles. - correct answer Arterioles are high resistance vessels resulting in an extremely high-pressure system which can easily force fluid and solutes out of the blood into the glomerular capillary along its entire length. A patient with chronic kidney disease must undergo dialysis treatments as they wait for transplantation. Give 1 reason peritoneal dialysis would be preferable to the portage pathophysiology module 8 exam questions and answers patient over hemodialysis and 1 concern in choosing peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis. - correct answer Peritoneal dialysis can be done in the patient's home as opposed to going to a dialysis clinic multiple times per week. A major concern of the utilization of peritoneal dialysis is the risk for infection at the catheter site. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your reasoning for both answers. - correct answer The patient has a magnesium ammonium phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine. These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by bacteria that contains urease. Urease breaks urea down to form ammonia which raises the pH of the urine. This patient has a history of UTIs so this should be taken into consideration. This patient does not require a procedure to remove the stone. Since it is less than 5 mm in diameter, the stone should pass on its own. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to treat the UTI as well as medication for pain management. portage pathophysiology module 8 exam questions and answers A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3- = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3- = 22- 26 mEq/L. - correct answer The patient is in metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system is not compensating as PCO2 compensation falls within normal limits. Fluids are replaced with normal saline solution. A patient is in the ICU following open heart surgery. The patient was feeling well earlier in the day, but suddenly began to demonstrate signs of confusion and disorientation. Blood results reveal Na+ = 100 mEq/L. Based upon these symptoms and results of blood work, what electrolyte imbalance is this patient experiencing? What treatment is indicated for this imbalance? - correct answer This patient is experiencing euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. The administration of intravenous saline solution would be indicated to correct the sodium deficiency.