Cellular Respiration and Metabolism: Exam Review, Exercises of Biology

Download Cellular Respiration and Metabolism: Exam Review and more Exercises Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BSC 2010 Exam 3 Review : Chapters 8-

This review is broken down into two parts. Part 1 is an outline of the topics you should focus on for your exam. Part 2 are practice problems to help you practice the topics and to determine your knowledge of the topics. Disclaimer: While these problems have been approved and looked over by Professor Thomas, these should only be used as a study aid. Not all of the information or topics is guaranteed to be on your exam/quizzes, and there may questions from topics not listed on here. Please refer back to your powerpoints, lectures, and textbook. SI Schedule: Mondays 11:20-12:20pm Link (M) Tuesdays 2:00-2:50pm Link (Tu) Wednesdays 12:00-12:50pm Link (W) Fridays 11:30-12:20pm Link (F) Best of luck! ~Zarin Krebs’s Cycle can also be called Citric Acid Cycle or TCA. They can be used interchangeably but you should know that they’re the same* Part 1: Ch 8: Introduction to Metabolism

 Define energy

o Kinetic vs potential

 Thermodynamic laws

 What is ATP?

o What is its structure?

o What is it used for?

 What is metabolism?

o What are the different types of metabolisms in organisms?

o How do cells use the energy?

 What is delta G?

o Positive vs negative

 Exergonic vs endergonic reactions

o Know how to read the graphs

 Anabolic vs catabolic pathways

 What is activation energy barrier?

 Define: enzymes, active sites, substrate, reactant

o What are enzymes made from?

o What do enzymes do?

o How do they affect the delta G and the activation energy?

o What does specificity refer to?

o What can affect the activity of enzymes?

 Types of inhibition.

o How do they function?

o Define feedback inhibition.

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation:

 Redox reactions

o OIL RIG

 What is cellular respiration?

o What is the overall reaction?

 Review phosphorylation between ADP and ATP.

 Compare substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation.

 Where does energy come from?

 What is necessary for cellular respiration?

o How does cellular respiration relate to metabolism?

o Where is the energy stored?

o Know NADH and FADH

 Describe the processes of cellular respiration including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and

electron transport chain

 What is the importance of the parts of the mitochondria: outer membrane,

transporters, inner membrane, matrix, intermembrane space

 What must take place for the krebs cycle to occur?

 Know the location of each of the processes, know the exact yield, know the method,

know the reactants and the products

 Where is the H+ or proton gradient? Why is it important?

 What is the final electron acceptor?

Ch 10: Photosynthesis:

 For chapter 10 you will only need to memorize 3 questions relating to photosynthesis

and their answers. Part 2:

1. Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?

a. They slow down the reaction

b. They can change the delta G of a reaction

c. They are nonspecific

d. They can lower the energy of activation of a reaction

O e. They can be depleted

2. Phosphate bonds in ATP are broken by the process known as __________.

3. The part(S) of a mitochondrion that are rich in enzymes is/are the:

a. Cristae

b. Outer membrane

c. Matrix

d. Intermembrane space

e. Inner membrane

f. A and D

g. B, C, and D

h. A, C, and E

4. Enzyme activity may be affected by

a. Temperature

b. pH

c. Cofactors

d. Substrate concentration

e. Genes

f. All of the above

5. __________________ inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a size

other than the active site.

6. ATP is not used as an energy source in which of the following?

a. Transportation

b. Chemical reactions

c. Mechanical work

d. None of the above

7. What is the primary food molecule used to produce energy?

8. Chemical reactions may release or absorb heat energy. ______________ reactions

release energy, whereas _______________ reactions absorb energy.

9. ______________ is the exergonic aspect of metabolism involving the breakdown of

complex molecules. o o e

10. Which of the following is an example of passive facilitated diffusion from aerobic respiration?

a. ETC

b. The Krebs’s Cycle

c. Glycolysis

d. ATP synthase

e. Reaction of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

11. When delta G is negative… (circle the correct answer)

a. is energy being released or absorbed?

b. are molecules being built or broken?

c. is the reaction endergonic or exergonic?

d. is the process catabolic or anabolic?

e. is the reaction spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

12. Where does cell respiration store energy?

a. FADH

b. NADH

c. ATP

d. A and B

e. All of the above

13. Which of the following reactions is correct?

a. ADP → ATP + P + energy

b. ATP → ADP + P + energy

c. ADP + energy → ATP + P

d. ATP + energy → ADP + P

14. What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

a. Glucose

b. Water

c. Oxygen

d. Carbon dioxide

15. What is the total number of ATP after cellular respiration?

a. 2

b. 32

c. 36

d. 38

o o o o e

16. Define substrate level phosphorylation.
17. Define oxidative phosphorylation.
18. If there are 5 molecules of glucose, what will be produced through the Krebs’s Cycle? How many turns will it need?
19. How many ATP will be produced from 4 molecules of glucose?
20. Label the parts of a mitochondria where cell resp takes place with the product, reactants, and process.

21. Why are carboxyl and acetyl groups important for cellular respiration?
22. What is the enzyme that makes ATP?

a. Glucose

b. Lipids

c. ATP Synthase

d. Carbohydrates

23. Label the following enzymes. e

24. Explain how the following items effect the ETC.

i. Cyanide:

ii. Rotenone:

iii. Oligomycin:

iv. Carbon monoxide:

v. DNP:

25. Which of the following is paired correctly? (Select all that apply)

a. ETC uses substrate level phosphorylation

b. ETC uses chemiosmosis

c. Krebs’s Cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation

d. Glycolysis uses substrate level phosphorylation

26. Put all of the cellular respiration processes in order.
27. Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

a. Stroma

b. Cytosol

c. Thylakoid space

d. Granum

e o o

e. Electron Transport Chain

28. What is the primary function of the light reaction of photosynthesis?
29. Where does the light cycle take place?

a. Stroma

b. Cytosol

c. Thylakoid space

d. Granum

e. Electron Transport Chain

30. In ATP, which bonds of phosphate are hydrolyzed?

a. 1 st^ and 2nd

b. 2 nd^ and 3rd

c. 3 rd^ and 4th

d. 1 st^ and 3rd

31. Which of the following does not make up the structure of a molecule of ATP?

a. DNA/RNA nucleotide

b. Ribose sugar

c. 3 phosphate groups

d. 1 carboxyl group

32. Which of the following best describes an enzyme?

a. An enzyme adds energy to a chemical reaction

b. An enzyme will chance the delta G of a reaction

c. An enzyme will make a reaction occur quicker

d. An enzyme will make a reaction which would not naturally occur, occur

33. What does the second law of energy state?

a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed

b. Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe

c. Every energy transfer increases the enthalpy of the universe

d. Entropy approaches constant as temp. approaches 0

34. Where does binding of an enzyme take place?

a. On the products

b. On the secondary site

c. On the active site

d. On the inactive site

o o o o o

35. The following image of a reaction can be described as being:

a. Endergonic

b. Endothermic

c. Exergonic

d. Exothermic

36. Compare and contrast catabolic and anabolic pathways.
37. Which of the following is the final electron acceptor?

a. Oxygen

b. Hydrogen

c. Carbon

d. ATP

38. Which of the following is a product when there is 1 pyruvate molecule in the TCA cycle?

a. 6 NADH

b. 3 NADH

c. 2 ATP

d. 2 FADH

39. Which of the following does not describe the complexes found in the cristae?

a. They pump H+ from the matriculates to the IMS

b. They’re active transporters

c. They do not need energy to work

I

o

o o

o

d. They are uniports

40. A solution in a beaker contains all the enzymes necessary for undergoining glycolysis. A mole of glucose is mixed into the solution, oxygen is present, and no ATP is present. Did glycolysis occur?
41. A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds is known as:

a. Anabolic

b. Catabolic

c. Photosynthesis

d. Cellular Respiration

e. B and D

f. A and C

42. What is the purpose of electron carriers NADH and FADH?

a. To transport electrons out of the mitochondria

b. To deliver electrons to the electron transport chain

c. To create water by delivering electrons to oxygen

d. To neutralize charge by removing electrons from reactions

43. The addition of a phosphate being added to ADP to make ATP is known as what?

a. An enzyme

b. Glycolysis

c. Phosphorylation

d. Dehydration synthesis

44. When a substance loses electrons, it is being ______________________, and when a substance gains electrons it is being ________________________.
45. Protein complexes 1, 3, and 4 pump H+ ions from _______________________ into the _________________________.
46. How many pyruvates are being produced from the hydrolysis of glucose?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

47. What is a substate?

a. What enzymes react on, the reactant in enzymatic reactions

b. The product, the end result of enzymatic reactions

c. The enzyme itself

d. An inhibitor

48. Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch and it is located in the mouths of humans. Amylase functions well in the mouth but ceases to function after being swallowed and entering the stomach. Why does amylase not work in the stomach?

49. A roller coaster is sitting at the top of a hill, about to drop off. Which of the following

best describes the energy present?

a. Potential energy

b. Chemical energy

c. Kinetic energy

d. Heat energy

50. Only about 40% of the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule can be accounted for in ATP molecules that are generated during cell respiration. The rest turns to heat energy. What is this an example of?

a. First law of thermodynamics

b. Second law of thermodynamics

c. Third law of thermodynamics

d. None of the above

o o o o