Prescott's Microbiology 10th Edition - Test Bank., Exams of Health sciences

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Edition - Test Bank.

Chapter 01

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

True / False Questions

1. Extant microorganisms are organisms from the fossil record that are no longer present

on Earth today.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Propose a time line of the origin and history of microbial life and integrate supporting evidence into it Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Fill in the Blank Questions

2. All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three , which include the

Bacteria, Archaea, and the Eukarya.

domains

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

3. Archaea are cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane.

lipids

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.03 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Learning Outcome: 01.02.02 Design a set of experiments that could be used to place a newly discovered cellular microbe on a phylogenetic tree based on small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences Section: 01. Topic: Archaea

True / False Questions

4. Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered either Bacteria or

Archaea.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

5. All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

6. Viruses are not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified

as living organisms.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

7. Viruses constitute the fourth domain of life in current biological classification schemes.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.02 Explain Carl Woese’s contributions in establishing the three-domain system for classifying cellular life Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Multiple Choice Questions

8. Protists contain all of the following forms of life EXCEPT

A. protozoa.

B. fungi.

C. slime molds.

D. algae.

ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

9. Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited

nucleus are called

A. prokaryotes.

B. eukaryotes.

C. urkaryotes.

D. nokaryotes.

ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

10. Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-

delimited nucleus are called

A. prokaryotes.

B. eukaryotes.

C. urkaryotes.

D. nokaryotes.

ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 Differentiate the biological entities studied by microbiologists from those studied by other biologists Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

11. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into

the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by

A. Pasteur.

B. Woese.

C. Needham.

D. Watson.

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Objective: 02.03 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.01.02 Explain Carl Woese’s contributions in establishing the three-domain system for classifying cellular life Section: 01. Topic: Archaea Topic: Bacteria Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

12. Proteins function in modern cells as

A. catalysts.

B. hereditary information.

C. structural elements.

D. both catalysts and structural elements.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Propose a time line of the origin and history of microbial life and integrate supporting evidence into it Section: 01. Topic: Bacterial Cellular Morphology

Edition - Test Bank.

13. RNA serves to convert the information stored in DNA to.

A. carbohydrates

B. protein

C. lipids

D. RNA

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Propose a time line of the origin and history of microbial life and integrate supporting evidence into it Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

True / False Questions

14. The earliest microbial fossils that have been found are dated from approximately

4.5 million years ago.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Propose a time line of the origin and history of microbial life and integrate supporting evidence into it Section: 01. Topic: Bacteria

Multiple Choice Questions

Edition - Test Bank.

15. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields

of biology?

A. The size of the organism studied.

B. The techniques used to study organisms regardless of their size.

C. Both the size of the organism studied and the techniques employed in the study

of organisms.

D. Neither the size of the organism studied nor the techniques employed in the study

of organisms regardless of their size.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance). ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant and / or animal microbiota). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01. Section: 01. Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

16. Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a

causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?

A. Fracastoro

B. Koch

C. Pasteur

D. Lister

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Learning Outcome: 01.03.02 Outline a set of experiments that might be used to decide if a particular microbe is the causative agent of a disease Section: 01. Topic: Bacteria Topic: History of Microbiology

17. Who of the following was the first to observe and accurately describe microorganisms?

A. Pasteur

B. Lister

C. van Leeuwenhoek

D. Tyndall

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

18. Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept

of spontaneous generation?

A. Pasteur

B. Koch

C. Semmelweiss

D. Lister

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

19. The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called

A. biogenesis.

B. cell theory.

C. spontaneous generation.

D. germ theory.

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

20. The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the

A. cell theory.

B. germ theory.

C. causative theory.

D. disease theory.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Learning Outcome: 01.03.02 Outline a set of experiments that might be used to decide if a particular microbe is the causative agent of a disease Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

21. Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very

heat- resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores?

A. Schwann

B. Redi

C. Tyndall

D. Pasteur

ASM Objective: 02.03 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

22. Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by

A. Pasteur.

B. Lister.

C. Jenner.

D. Kitasato.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

23. Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that

inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These

antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of

A. humoral immunity.

B. cell-mediated immunity.

C. antibiotic immunity.

D. phagocyte-mediated immunity.

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

24. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was

A. iodine.

B. ethanol.

C. phenol.

D. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

25. Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be

A. impotent.

B. virulent.

C. pathogenic.

D. attenuated.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

26. Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure

against smallpox?

A. Koch

B. Pasteur

C. Jenner

D. Lister

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

27. Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera?

A. Koch

B. Pasteur

C. Jenner

D. Lister

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

28. Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf

disease- causing bacteria?

A. von Behring

B. Meister

C. Metchnikoff

D. Ivanowski

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

29. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by

A. Beijerinck.

B. Jenner.

C. Pasteur.

D. von Behring.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

True / False Questions

Edition - Test Bank.

30. Fanny Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

31. M. J. Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by

a fungus.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

32. Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they

were ever observed.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

33. Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is

the cause of leprosy.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Learning Outcome: 01.03.03 Predict the difficulties that might arise when using Koch’s postulates to determine if a microbe causes a disease unique to humans Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

34. Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination

to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

35. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be

used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.03.03 Predict the difficulties that might arise when using Koch’s postulates to determine if a microbe causes a disease unique to humans Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

36. Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

37. Charles Chamberland developed porcelain filters that allowed other scientists

to demonstrate that viruses are smaller than bacteria.

TRUE

ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

38. The first disease to be identified as being caused by a virus was tobacco mosaic disease.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Learning Outcome: 01.03.02 Outline a set of experiments that might be used to decide if a particular microbe is the causative agent of a disease Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

39. John Tyndall demonstrated that microorganisms present in the air are carried on

dust particles.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

40. Agastino Bassi demonstrated that a type of silkworm disease was caused by a fungus

and proposed that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

41. The usefulness of agar in solidifying microbiological growth media is limited because

it does not remain solid at temperatures above 28 oC.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

42. Robert Koch developed a vaccine that could be used to prevent anthrax.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions

43. Elie Metchnikoff discovered , which is a major feature of the host

immune response.

phagocytosis

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

44. An Italian physician, , challenged the concept of spontaneous generation

by demonstrating that maggots do not arise from decaying meat but rather from developing

fly eggs.

Redi

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

45. discovered that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia

to obtain energy.

Winogradsky

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant and / or animal microbiota). ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

46. was the first to isolate a root nodule bacterium capable of nitrogen fixation.

Beijerinck

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01. Topic: History of Microbiology

True / False Questions

47. The endosymbiotic hypothesis is generally accepted as the origin of two

eukaryotic organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Propose a time line of the origin and history of microbial life and integrate supporting evidence into it Section: 01. Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

48. The relationship between specific bacteria and specific diseases was first demonstrated

by Koch.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Cohn, Beijerinck, von Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, and Winogradsky Section: 01.03 Topic: History of Microbiology

49. Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects

of pollution.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant and / or animal microbiota). ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Learning Outcome: 01.04.02 Support the belief held by many microbiologists that microbiology is experiencing its second golden age Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions

50. The branch of microbiology that deals with diseases of humans and animals is called

microbiology.

medical

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

51. The branch of microbiology that deals with the mechanisms by which the human

body protects itself from disease-causing organisms is called.

immunology

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.02 Support the belief held by many microbiologists that microbiology is experiencing its second golden age Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

52. microbiologists monitor community food

establishments and water supplies in order to control the spread of communicable

diseases.

Public health

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

53. The branch of microbiology that studies the relationship between microorganisms

and their habitats is called.

microbial ecology

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

54. and microbiology investigates the spoilage of products

for human consumption and the use of microorganisms in the production of cheese,

yogurt, pickles, beer, and the like.

Food, dairy

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

55. microbiology involves the use of microorganisms to make products such

as antibiotics, vaccines, steroids, alcohols, vitamins, amino acids, and enzymes.

Industrial

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

56. Microbial are scientists who investigate the synthesis of antibiotics and

toxins, the production of energy with microorganisms, and the ways in which

microorganisms survive harsh environmental conditions.

physiologists

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

Edition - Test Bank.

57. Microbial focuses on the nature of heredity and how it regulates

the development and function of cells and organisms.

genetics

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance). ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Construct a concept map, table, or drawing that illustrates the diverse nature of microbiology and how it has improved human conditions Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions

58. Which of the following provides the best explanation for why viruses are not included

in the three domain system?

A. Viruses are too small.

B. Viruses have either DNA or RNA, not both.

C. Viruses are not a cellular life form.

D. Viruses show no evidence of evolution.

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 01.01.02 Explain Carl Woese’s contributions in establishing the three-domain system for classifying cellular life Section: 01.01 Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

Edition - Test Bank.

59. A new microbe has been discovered in the rumen of sheep. Microscopy shows no

evidence of a nuclear membrane and biochemical studies of the cell wall demonstrate the

lack of peptidoglycan. Metabolic studies show that this microbe generates methane. This

microbe would most likely be classified in the:

A. Domain Bacteria

B. Domain Archaea

C. Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Fungi

D. Domain Eukarya, Protists

ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 01.01.02 Explain Carl Woese’s contributions in establishing the three-domain system for classifying cellular life Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01.01 Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms

60. What is the most compelling reason why “protists” are not considered to be a

taxonomic group?

A. They are not cellular life forms.

B. They are too small to be included among the eukaryotes.

C. The group includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types.

D. The organisms often included in this group are very diverse and don’t form a

cohesive taxon.

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 01.01.02 Explain Carl Woese’s contributions in establishing the three-domain system for classifying cellular life Learning Outcome: 01.01.04 Determine the type of microbe (e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc.) when given a description of a newly discovered microbe Section: 01.01 Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms