Principles of Chemistry Exam 1 with Correct Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Principles of Chemistry Exam 1 with Correct Answers and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Principles of Chemistry Exam 1 with Correct Answers Matter - correct answer-Anything that has mass and occupies space (Not weight) Heterogeneous - correct answer-Not uniform throughout Homogeneous - correct answer-Uniform throughout, combinations of two or more substances but each still retains its chemical identity Pure Substance - correct answer-Does not have variable composition Homogeneous Mixture - correct answer-Variable composition (like a solution) Element - correct answer-Cannot be separated into simpler substances Compound - correct answer-Can be separated into two or more elements Physical Change - correct answer-Changes in appearance but not composition. Ex: water freezing Chemical Change - correct answer-Transformation into chemically different substance. Ex: H2+O2=H2O Intensive Properties - correct answer-Do not depend on amount of sample being examined Extensive Properties - correct answer-Depends on mass of sample Peta - correct answer-10^15 Tera - correct answer-10^12 Giga - correct answer-10^9 Mega - correct answer-10^6 Kilo - correct answer-10^3 Deci - correct answer-10^-1 Centi - correct answer-10^-2 Milli - correct answer-10^-3 Micro - correct answer-10^-6 Nano - correct answer-10^-9 Pico - correct answer-10^-12 Femto - correct answer-10^-15 Atto - correct answer-10^-18 Zepto - correct answer-10^-21 1 Gal= - correct answer-3.7854L 1in - correct answer-2.54cm 1m - correct answer-1.6093km 1a - correct answer-10^-10 m 1lb - correct answer-453.5g 1ml - correct answer-1cm3 K = - correct answer-C+273.15 C= - correct answer-5/9(F-32) F= - correct answer-9/5C+32 Density= - correct answer-mass/volume Precision - correct answer-How closely individual measurements agree with one another Accuracy - correct answer-how closely measurements agree with the correct value Sig Figs - correct answer-All nonzero digits are significant a) Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant (105g) b) Zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant (0.2) c) Zeros at the end of the number are signficant if the number contains a decimal point (0.0200g Organic Compounds - correct answer--Methane CH4 (with OH instead of one H becomes methanol, same for below) -Ethane C2H6 -Propane C3H8 Polyatomic Ion Charge = -1 - correct answer-acetate - C2H3O2- bicarbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) - HCO3- bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) - HSO4- chlorate - ClO3- chlorite - ClO2- cyanate - OCN- cyanide - CN- dihydrogen phosphate - H2PO4- hydroxide - OH- nitrate - NO3- nitrite - NO2- perchlorate - ClO4- permanganate - MnO4- thiocyanate - SCN- acetate - correct answer-C2H3O2- bicarbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) - correct answer-HCO3- bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) - correct answer-HSO4- chlorate - correct answer-ClO3- chlorite - correct answer-ClO2- cyanate - correct answer-OCN- cyanide - correct answer-CN- dihydrogen phosphate - correct answer-H2PO4- hydroxide - correct answer-OH- nitrate - correct answer-NO3- nitrite - correct answer-NO2- perchlorate - correct answer-ClO4- permanganate - correct answer-MnO4- thiocyanate - correct answer-SCN- Polyatomic Ion Charge = -2 - correct answer-carbonate - CO32- chromate - CrO42- dichromate - Cr2O72- hydrogen phosphate - HPO42- peroxide - O22- sulfate - SO42- sulfite - SO32- thiosulfate - S2O32- carbonate - correct answer-CO32- chromate - correct answer-CrO42- dichromate - correct answer-Cr2O72- hydrogen phosphate - correct answer-HPO42- peroxide - correct answer-O22- sulfate - correct answer-SO42- sulfite - correct answer-SO32- thiosulfate - correct answer-S2O32- Polyatomic Ion Charge = -3 - correct answer-borate - BO33- phosphate - PO43- borate - correct answer-BO33- phosphate - correct answer-PO43- Combination Reaction - correct answer-A+B=C Decomposition Reaction - correct answer-C=A+B Combustion Reaction - correct answer-Reactions that produce a flame adding O2 to yield CO2 and H2O Mol - correct answer-6.022*10^23 objects of anything Molar Mass - correct answer-grams per mol of a substance equal to weight in amu. Ex 1 mol O= 16g Molecular weight - correct answer-Sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the chemical formula of a molecule Mass% - correct answer-Mass of element/mass of all elements in a compound Formula weight - correct answer-sum of masses of all elements in a compound Limiting Reactant - correct answer-Component completely consumed in a reaction Theoretical Yield - correct answer-maximum amount of product that can be created based on limiting reactant Experimental Yield - correct answer-amount of product actually produced Percent Yield - correct answer-Actual/Theoretical Experiments Regarding Unknowns - correct answer-mass%-> assume 100g of sample- > grams of each element-> use molar mass-> mols of each element-> calculate mol ratio (divide both by the lower #)->find empirical formula Solution - correct answer-Homogeneous mixture, at least one substance is in the greater amount Solute - correct answer-The substance in the minor quality Solvent - correct answer-The substance in the major quality Aqueous - correct answer-Water is the solvent Electrolytic properties of AQ - correct answer-H2O is a poor conductor, the substances dissolved in it can conduct electricity because of their presence of ions (no ions no conduction no electrolytes) Few ions - correct answer-weak conduction, weak electrolytes Many ions - correct answer-strong conduction, strong electrolytes Ionic Compounds - correct answer-Metal+Nonmetal Molecular Compounds - correct answer-Only nonmetals Dissociation - correct answer--the process of separating the individual ions by solution -these compounds re electrolytes -water will pull out individual icons Soluble Ionic Compounds - correct answer-NO3-