Chem 153A Problem Set: Glycolysis, Fermentation, and Carbohydrate Metabolism, Assignments of Chemistry

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PROBLEM SET

CHEM 153A (WINTER 2008)

THIS WILL NOT BE GRADED

Problems from the text

Chapter 13: 2-6,8,12- Chapter 14: 1-3,5,6-11,13,

Additional problems

(1) Be able to determine the overall reaction of glycolysis, alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. You need to know the reactions for each step in these processes in detail (at the level of the text and handouts).

(2) Name the three reactions of glycolysis that are regulated. What properties do they have in common that makes these steps particularly ideal for regulation? Where are they located in relation to glycogen synthesis/degradation, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathways?

(3) What is the purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?

(4) What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis?

(5) What is the purpose of lactic acid and alcohol fermentation?

(6) Mechanistically, how are the reactions catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucose isomerase related?

(7) Explain how insulin, glucagon and epinephrine function in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

(8) What molecule is the universal carrier of free energy? What’s it structure and where is the energy “held”?

(9) Explain how TPP works in alcohol fermentation.

(10) In what reactions in glycolysis is an energetically unfavorable phosphorylation reaction driven by the dephosphorylation of ATP?

(11) If carbon #1 of glucose is radiolabeled with 14C, at which carbon(s) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate would it turn up after the triosephosphate isomerase reaction?