Process Improvement Techniques and Tools, Exams of Accounting

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• Six Sigma Green Belt Certification Exam Review complete solution

Six Sigma Green Belt Certification Exam Review complete solution 2024 ________ survey questions allow for quantitative analysis - --closed ended Value stream maps help identify all of the following - --sources of waste, bottlenecks, material & information flow, improvement opportunities The Fishbone diagram is part of the ________ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle. - --analyze When creating a control plan, you should consider which of the following items? - --process maps, key inputs process, targets and specifications, key process inputs, control limits, important noise variables, capability analysis process Tree Diagrams have a limit on the level of detail that can be analyzed. - --FALSE Reliable data is needed to - --Establish a baseline against which improvements will be measured Measure progress Another name for a Fishbone diagram is: - --cause and effect diagram The most effective ways to assess control plan effectiveness are: - --Dashboard or scorecard metric performance Audits of the control system Which of the following are meetings roles? - --timekeeper, coach, scribe, gatekeeper

A baseline analysis establishes a control method for a problem - --FALSE In order to do effective benchmarking, you must visit each company to look at each process in person.

• --FALSE The word "value" in value stream mapping is defined as the activities required to provide a customer with a quality product or service - --FALSE Which three questions determine if a process step adds value? Check all that apply - --does customer care, does step change product, can we do the step right everytime Which one of the items below does not represent good team dynamics - --low risk An example of a control poka yoke is building a spreadsheet that will not calculate totals until all data has been entered - --TRUE Which acronym best describes what is included in an effective team meeting? - --SPACER (Safety, purpose, agenda, control of conduct, expectations, roles and responsibilities) Root cause analysis is - --qualitative All projects and initiatives need to be chartered, whether it's a short cycle quick hit or a complex, multi-layered improvement - --TRUE Creating consistent repeatable processes is the goal for which Lean tool - --standard work

Customer Needs Mapping, surveys, and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) are tools used in the _____ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --define When calculating a Risk Priority Number, a high rating on the detectability rating scale means the current process controls are not likely to detect the potential cause or failure mode - --TRUE If you were trying to identify world-class customer service processes, you would deploy - --strategic benchmarking To establish a baseline, you can - --Obtain data from the current performance level of the process Review best demonstrated practices (BDPs) at other divisions Benchmark other companies and industries with similar processes After the forming and storming stages, an effective team understands all of these except - --root cause A failure mode can have multiple causes - --TRUE The horizontal axis of a Pareto chart reflects - --categories Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a system for translating customer requirements into the appropriate internal requirements - --TRUE Management by Fact (MBF) is a one-time event that is completed as the start of a productivity improvement project - --FALSE A standing team charter focuses on broad, ongoing business issues - --TRUE

Ad hoc teams typically do not have a specific time frame to complete their mission - --FALSE All of the following are steps to create a Fishbone diagram - --1. name the problem

2. decide major categories
3. brainstorm
4. review diagram
5. discuss the final diagram
6. develop plans The team leader is responsible for initiating the charter process - --FALSE Which item listed is not part of a team charter - --analysis tools When collecting data for a Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), it is important that the data is collected independently and in _______ order - --random Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is part of the _______ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --measure ___________data yields the most reliable information - --continuous Customer Needs Mapping is also known as - --VOC (voice of the customer) Pareto charts most often rank causes related to a problem in order from least frequent to most frequent - --FALSE

Order the steps to construct a Fishbone diagram. Drag each number to its correct step description - -- create temp, create prob, id cause, id and place, analyze What are the components of a Risk Priority Number - --Severity, Occurrence, Detectability When you move to lower levels (finer details) of a Tree Diagram, the question being asked is "How?" a process operates - --TRUE The problem statement in a Management by Fact (MBF) answers which of the following questions - -- what is the issue? what is the magnitude? what is the performance gap? what is the impact of the gap? what is the goal for improvement? Which one of these is not part of the five stages of team development - --conforming A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) should be undertaken only after a process is in place and stable and all failure modes have already been experienced - --FALSE A team charter is created in the ________ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --define A ____________ poka-yoke, such as an alarm or flashing light, discovers a defect but does not reduce or prevent the defect from occurring - --warning No improvement work should be initiated until a baseline is established - --TRUE A value stream map will help identify input variables (X's) that could be influencing the outputs (Y's) of a process - --TRUE

Which measurement process aspect are assessed by Measurement System Analysis (MSA)? - -- Accuracy, Precision. Variability Benchmarking is conducted in order to achieve incremental improvements - --FALSE In a Management by Fact (MBF), anti-y's are also known as secondary metrics that can be adversely affected by the primary metric. These are tracked in the data graphs section of an MBF - --TRUE Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) focuses on the______of potential problems - --prevention The Pareto chart is based upon the Pareto principle or 80:20 rule. The rule states that 80% of the results come from 20% of the process issues - --TRUE A data collection plan defines - --What and how data will be collected The time interval of the study All the procedures to be followed during the study Which acronym helps you remember the wastes easily - --TIM WOOD Fishbone diagrams are best used at the ______ of a problem solving process - --Beginning and End team charter question - Mission Statement (1), Objective (2), Performance metrics (3), boundaries (4)

• --**** Pareto charts are used to ___________: - --Prioritize problems, Break problems into smaller pieces, Reveal where to focus efforts, Build consensus, Measure progress in a visible format

Put the following customer input tools in order of quickest/easiest to longer cycle time/more complex to use - --1 surveys,2 customer needs mapping, 3 quality function deployment (QFD) Secondary research refers to information available in the public domain/on the internet - --TRUE Which of the following tools is part of root cause analysis - --5 whys, fishbone diagram, pareto chart, FMEA, tree diagram Tree Diagrams are used in the __________ phases of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --Define & Analyze The ________________ element of standard work refers to the effective sequencing of work tasks and the work content assigned to each task - --work sequence A judgmental sample strategy is based on ___________ knowledge - --experiential When establishing a baseline, it is good to look at data at least several years old - --FALSE Root cause analysis is part of the ________ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --analyze Pareto charts are part of the _______ phase in the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --Analyze Benchmarks can be used to set goals for improvement - --TRUE Multi-voting is another name for - --NGT (Nominal Group Technique)

Fishbone diagrams organize and visualize possible relationships between factors that affect a problem

• --TRUE House of quality is another name for - --QFD (Quality Function Development) Creating a visual workplace where everything has a place and is in its place refers to which element of 6s - --store A control plan should include both a response plan that defines the actions required to control the process and actions that define the responsibility of the people closest to the process - --TRUE Pareto charts are always - --bar charts A statistical sample is ___________ selected from the population to make inferences about the entire population - --randomly Put the five steps of a value stream map in the proper order - --id stream, create current, id improve, create future, implement changes The 5 Whys process ______: - --starts at the end result, its a repetitive process, peels away layers of symptoms The 5 Whys tool is useful for both simple and complex problems - --FALSE Benchmarking is not a one-time event. How do you determine when to recalibrate a process - --When a new level of performance has been reached When a new best practice has been identified As strategic plans change or new success factors emerge

Management by Fact (MBF) is part of the __________ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --define Measurement bias is - --difference b/t observed average and reference value A corrective action in a control plan identifies and permanently corrects the cause of variation in a process - --FALSE Data for a Pareto chart usually starts out in a - --check sheet Which one of the items listed below is are phase of Management by Fact (MBF)? - --problem statement, data graphs, problem drivers, root causes, countermeasures key questions to ask when starting a Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) - --Have you picked the right measurement system? What are your sources of variation? Who owns the measurement system? Is the measurement system stable over time? A Tree Diagram is useful for - --simple and complex processes Where do the process steps come from on a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) form? - -- control plan Baselines are established during the _______ phase of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle - --measure

Pareto charts allow teams to focus on the "vital many" versus the "useful few" problems - --FALSE A baseline is: - --The standard for comparisons A reference for measuring progress in improving the process A tool to differentiate between the current state and the future state When creating a value stream map, it is best to write down all the process steps from memory before reviewing with a team - --FALSE Primary research can be collected via - --interviews, surveys, observations Types of actions in a control plan include - --compensating, preventive, corrective When establishing countermeasures, you do not identify the forecasted impact for each countermeasure as part of the Management by Fact (MBF). - --FALSE An example of qualitative data is - --pass/fail test results, names, days of the week No improvement work should be initiated until a baseline is established - --TRUE The rating scale used in a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) assigns a high number to correspond to higher levels of - --RISK "The team leader is responsible for initiating the charter process. - --false Process Improvement - --Six sigma is more than a quality or cost improvement methodology. It focuses on business ______.

Improvement - --Six Sigma is not in conflict with other _______ methodologies. Variability - --Sigma is a greek letter than represents a measure of _____. DFSS - --_____ is used on new products or process. Y - --The letter __ represents the output of a process. outputs - --The ___ of a process is influenced by the inputs. Customers - --Six Sigma provides benefits for the organization, it's _____ and its suppliers Cost of Poor Quality - --The four elements of __________ are internal failure, external failure, prevention, and appraisal. Critical to Quality - --_____ characteristics are based on the voice of the customer. Common Cause - --____ variation is inherent in the process and is the responsibility of management to improve. Variation - --Six Sigma focuses on reducing ____. Defect - --An opportunity is a chance to have a ___. Sigma Level - --The _____ of a quality is based on the number of standard deviations of the process output that fall within the customer specs or requirements.

higher - --The _____ the sigma level of quality, the better. Four - --Most organizations perform at a ___ sigma level of quality. Critical to Quality - --______ characteristics are more specific and measurable than customer needs. Capability - --Process ___ compares the performance of a process to requirements of specs. Output - --If a company had no constraints on ____it would make an infinite amount of profit. Target - --The ___ value gives the highest level of customer satisfaction. Pull Systems - --____ help to create balanced flow in a system. The 5S approach includes... - --The ___ approach includes Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. Common Cause - --____ variation is part of the process. Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to change the process if improvement is required. Executives. - --Candidates for Six Sigma champions and belts are usually selected by the _____. Process Owner - --The ____ or Sponsor accepts responsibility for ongoing performance measurement after an improvement project in concluded. Black Belts - --____ generally work full time on process improvement.

Customers - --____ may be internal or external to the organization. Common Cause - --Processes that exhibit _____ variation and unacceptable output should be considered for improvement. Monetary & Technical - --Both ____ and ___ considerations are important when selecting a project. Charters - --Project ___ should be issued by executives and champions. Project Management Institute - --The ____ publishes guidelines for project planning. Integration - --Project ____ balances time, cost, requirements, and risk. Deliverable - --A ____ is a product or service that is the outcome of a project. Tuckman - --The ____ model for the team performance is forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Cost/Impact AND probability - --The two factors in risk assessment are ___ and ___. Project Procurement Management - --____ concerns the items that must be purchased to complete the project. SIPOC - --____ stands for Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer. Kano - --The ___ model helps us to understand the relative importance of customer requirements.

Process Map - --A ____ is usually in the form of a flowchart. Leading - --____ metrics focus on inputs and suppliers to the process. Charter - --The project ____ links the project to the ongoing work and strategy of the organization. Voice of the Customer. - --Customer surveys help document the _____. Inputs & Outputs - --Process metrics should focus on ____ & ____. Value Stream - --____ mapping focuses on both value and waste. Segmentation - --Customer ____ helps us better understand customer needs and requirements. Sampling Frame - --A ____ is used to identify every person in the population to be sampled. Focus Group - --a ___ is used to see how products or services compare to each other. Demanded, Performance, and Excitement - --the three levels of requirements in the Kano model are ____, ____, and ____. CTQ's - --___ are based on the Voice of the Customer. Customer - --The best judge of quality is the _____.

Scope - --____ management deals with what needs to be delivered. Discrete - --____ data can take on only a finite number of points. Continuous Data - --Discrete data are less precise than ____. Sample - --A ____ is taken from a population. Stratification - --______ must be planned before collecting data. Stable - --Data must come from a ___ process in order to be useful for analysis. DPMO - --_____ can be converted to Sigma level of quality. Rolled throughput - --_____ yield is the probability that a process with more than 1 step will produce a defect free unit. Continuous - --___ are usually more precise than discrete. Measurement System Analysis - --____ looks at sources of error in the measurement system. Hawthorne - --The ___ effect states that people pay more attention to their work when they are being observed. Check & Pictographs - --___ sheets & ___ may be used to collect data.

Variation - --___ can be observed as the average not being at the target value and as variation around the average. Mean - --The ___ mean is the mathematical average. Mode - --The ___ is the value that occurs most frequently. Median - --The ___ is the middle value when data are arranged according to size. Probability - --____ can range from zero to one. Probability Plot - --A ____ is used to see whether or not data fit a particular probability distribution. Pareto - --The ___ principle explains that a small number of causes usually account for a large amount of variation. Run Chart - --A ___ shows variation over time. Five-Why - --the ___ technique is used to look for root causes. Value - --Adding ____ to a product is not a type of waste. Scatter - --___ diagrams may be used to look for patterns for cause-and-effect. Histogram - --A ___ shows how data is distributed.

Pareto Chart - --In a , bars are shown in descending order from the left. Normal - --In a ____ distribution, values above and below the mean or equally likely. Run Chart - --A ____ can be used to see if a process is in control or not. Cause-and-effect - --The ____ diagram may be used to search for root causes. Five-Why - --The ____ technique is used to determine the root cause of a problem. Waste - -- absorbs resources but creates no value. Range - --____ is the difference between the minimum and maximum data value. Interrelationship - --The ____ diagram is used to look for patterns of cause-and-effect. Spaghetti - --The ___ diagram is used to visualize travel distances and layouts. Scatter - --Data for a ___ diagram is collected and plotted in pairs. Correlation - --The scatter diagram is also known as a ___ diagram. Designed - --A ____ is used to evaluate the effect of several factors at a time and their possible interactions. Improve - --In the ___ phase we seek to eliminate the root cause of a problem.

Multi-voting - --____ can be used to narrow down a list of ideas. Synthesis - --___ means combining ideas into a hybrid approach. FMEA - --___ considers probability, severity, and detectability. Errors - --The preferred approach is to detect ___ before they become defects. Defects - --Errors cause . Pilot - --A ___ of the improvement solution is generally recommended. Brainstorming - -- is used to generate a wide range of ideas. Affinity - --An ___ diagram organizes items into natural groups. Error-Proofing - --The best way to prevent defects from occurring is by using ___. Nominal - --The ___ group technique is used to reach consensus on the relative ranking of items. Standardized - --Anyone should be able to successfully use ____ work instructions. Process Control Plan - --Contingency plans for what to do if the process degrades are part of the ____.

Process Owner - --The ___ accepts responsibility for the improved process. Training - --____ should be done using standardized work instructions. Standard OR Expectation - --In control we compare actual performance to a ___or ___. Simple & Visual - --The best standard work instructions are ___ & ___. Control - --The process owner should ___ the improved process. Process Improvement - --Six sigma is more than a quality or cost improvement methodology. It focuses on business ______. Improvement - --Six Sigma is not in conflict with other _______ methodologies. Variability - --Sigma is a greek letter than represents a measure of _____. DFSS - --_____ is used on new products or process. Y - --The letter __ represents the output of a process. outputs - --The ___ of a process is influenced by the inputs. Customers - --Six Sigma provides benefits for the organization, it's _____ and its suppliers

Cost of Poor Quality - --The four elements of __________ are internal failure, external failure, prevention, and appraisal. Critical to Quality - --_____ characteristics are based on the voice of the customer. Common Cause - --____ variation is inherent in the process and is the responsibility of management to improve. Variation - --Six Sigma focuses on reducing ____. Defect - --An opportunity is a chance to have a ___. Sigma Level - --The _____ of a quality is based on the number of standard deviations of the process output that fall within the customer specs or requirements. higher - --The _____ the sigma level of quality, the better. Four - --Most organizations perform at a ___ sigma level of quality. Critical to Quality - --______ characteristics are more specific and measurable than customer needs. Capability - --Process ___ compares the performance of a process to requirements of specs. Output - --If a company had no constraints on ____it would make an infinite amount of profit. Target - --The ___ value gives the highest level of customer satisfaction.

Pull Systems - --____ help to create balanced flow in a system. 5S - --The ___ approach includes Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. Common Cause - --____ variation is part of the process. Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to change the process if improvement is required. Executives. - --Candidates for Six Sigma champions and belts are usually selected by the _____. Process Owner - --The ____ or Sponsor accepts responsibility for ongoing performance measurement after an improvement project in concluded. Black Belts - --____ generally work full time on process improvement. Customers - --____ may be internal or external to the organization. Common Cause - --Processes that exhibit _____ variation and unacceptable output should be considered for improvement. Monetary & Technical - --Both ____ and ___ considerations are important when selecting a project. Charters - --Project ___ should be issued by executives and champions. Project Management Institute - --The ____ publishes guidelines for project planning. Integration - --Project ____ balances time, cost, requirements, and risk.

Deliverable - --A ____ is a product or service that is the outcome of a project. Tuckman - --The ____ model for the team performance is forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Cost/Impact AND probability - --The two factors in risk assessment are ___ and ___. Project Procurement Management - --____ concerns the items that must be purchased to complete the project. SIPOC - --____ stands for Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer. Kano - --The ___ model helps us to understand the relative importance of customer requirements. Process Map - --A ____ is usually in the form of a flowchart. Leading - --____ metrics focus on inputs and suppliers to the process. Charter - --The project ____ links the project to the ongoing work and strategy of the organization. Voice of the Customer. - --Customer surveys help document the _____. Inputs & Outputs - --Process metrics should focus on ____ & ____. Value Stream - --____ mapping focuses on both value and waste.

Segmentation - --Customer ____ helps us better understand customer needs and requirements. Sampling Frame - --A ____ is used to identify every person in the population to be sampled. Focus Group - --a ___ is used to see how products or services compare to each other. Demanded, Performance, and Excitement - --the three levels of requirements in the Kano model are ____, ____, and ____. CTQ's - --___ are based on the Voice of the Customer. Customer - --The best judge of quality is the _____. Scope - --____ management deals with what needs to be delivered. Discrete - --____ data can take on only a finite number of points. Continuous Data - --Discrete data are less precise than ____. Sample - --A ____ is taken from a population. Stratification - --______ must be planned before collecting data. Stable - --Data must come from a ___ process in order to be useful for analysis. DPMO - --_____ can be converted to Sigma level of quality.

Rolled throughput - --_____ yield is the probability of passing through the entire Continuous - --___ are usually more precise than discrete. Measurement System Analysis - --____ looks at sources of error in the measurement system. Hawthorne - --The ___ effect states that people pay more attention to their work when they are being observed. Check & Pictographs - --___ sheets & ___ may be used to collect data. Variation - --___ can be observed as the average not being at the target value and as variation around the average. Mean - --The ___ mean is the mathematical average. Mode - --The ___ is the value that occurs most frequently. Median - --The ___ is the middle value when data are arranged according to size. Probability - --____ can range from zero to one. Probability Plot - --A ____ is used to see whether or not data fit a particular probability distribution. Pareto - --The ___ principle explains that a small number of causes usually account for a large amount of variation.