Professional Nursing Final Exam: Key Concepts and Practice Questions, Exams of Nursing

Download Professional Nursing Final Exam: Key Concepts and Practice Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

PROFESSIONAL NURSING FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2024

ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS (100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS)/ ALREADY GRADED A+

What is the Nursing process? - Correct Answer-- (ADPIE) Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation What are the three research approaches? - Correct Answer— Basic Applied Outcomes What is the research process? - Correct Answer— Plan or proposal Research problem statement Hypothesis Research design Research analysis What are barriers to EBP? - Correct Answer— Lack of knowledge

Limited time Nursing shortage Lack of resources Lack of leadership support What do nurses do during the assessment stage? - Correct Answer-- Data gathering What do nurses do during the diagnosis stage? - Correct Answer-- Identify actual or potential problems, can be different than medical diagnosis What do nurses do during the planning stage? - Correct Answer-- Interventions, timeline expected outcomes What do nurses do during the Implementation stage? - Correct Answer-- Communicate everything that will be done for the patient What do nurses do during the evaluation stage? - Correct Answer-- Re-adjust their plan and determine how successful they were What is objective data? Examples? - Correct Answer-- What you can see and observe Ex: Vital signs, sweating, grimacing What is subjective data? Examples? - Correct Answer-- What the patient tells you Ex: Headache, pain

What is evidence based practice? - Correct Answer-- Integrating best evidence into practice and management, patient-centered care What are the National Patient Safety Goals? - Correct Answer-- - Improve the accuracy of patient identification

• Improve the effectiveness of communication around caregivers
• Improve the safety of using medications
• Improve the system of clinical alarm systems (alarm fatigue)
• Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
• The hospital identifies safety risks inherent in its patient population How did Florence Nightingale contribute to research? - Correct Answer-- First researcher; Created National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), which funded nursing research What is Quantitative research? - Correct Answer-- Relationship between variables, statistical analysis, data is numbers What is Qualitative research? - Correct Answer-- Lived experience, data is words, observations What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)? - Correct Answer-- Participant Rights What are examples of the IRB? - Correct Answer-- Nuremberg Trials Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Willowbrook Study What are research participant rights? - Correct Answer-- Confidentiality, privacy, self-determination, fair treatment, protection from harm What are the three components of EBP? - Correct Answer-- Research/ Evidence Patient values and preferences Practitioner experience What is the purpose of EBP? - Correct Answer-- Effective decision making Control costs Improve quality Improve patient outcomes What does PICOT stand for? - Correct Answer-- Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Timeframe What is the role of staff nurses in EBP? - Correct Answer-- Questioning current practice Reviewing studies Consumer of systemic reviews Apply evidence to their practice

Participates in quality improvement Suggests solutions to problem based on evidence What is research? - Correct Answer-- Systemic investigation of a problem What is EBP? - Correct Answer-- Systemic review and appraisal of evidence (existing evidence) What is Quality Improvement (QI)? - Correct Answer-- Process to improve outcomes Chapter 12: Quality of Practice - Correct Answer-- What is Triple Aim? - Correct Answer-- - Made by IOM to apply quality improvement Improve the health of the population Enhance the patient experience of care Reduce or control the per capita cost of care Define Safety - Correct Answer-- Freedom from accidental injury Ex: Falls, Wrong surgery What is Error? - Correct Answer-- Errors of planning or execution Ex: Medication error (Wrong dose, wrong time, wrong med)

What is an Adverse event? - Correct Answer-- Unintended consequence Ex: Someone with a-fib given med to prevent blood clots (blood thinner)- patient develops stomach ulcer and bleeds out and dies- Right dosage and right timing was followed Define Misuse - Correct Answer-- Patient has allergic reaction to medication that wasn't prescribed Define Overuse - Correct Answer-- Patient sees many physicians who don't communicate with each other, they all prescribe many different medications that aren't compatible with each other Define Underuse - Correct Answer-- Don't see physicians, aren't getting preventive care- When they finally do seek health care, their condition is very advanced and they require much more care Define Near Miss - Correct Answer-- Catching the mistake before it happens, and fixing it Ex: Hanging wrong IV fluids but not starting it yet What is an Sentinel event? - Correct Answer-- A preventable event that results in serious injury or death Ex: Giving medication to wrong patient, which kills them What is a Root Cause Analysis? - Correct Answer-- Examining errors, figuring out what happened

How do you analyze Root Cause Analysis as said by the Joint Commission? - Correct Answer-- - What happened?

• Why did it happen?
• What were the most proximate factors? Ex: Human, equipment, interruptions, distractions
• Which systems and processes underlie those proximate factors? Ex: Human resources, leadership, communication What is Just Culture? - Correct Answer-- A culture of safety and a blame-free work environment What are some safety issues for nursing staff? - Correct Answer-- Needle sticks Infections Ergonomics (lifting) Violence What is the Joint Commission focused on? - Correct Answer-- - Evaluate organizations and accredit them
• Committed to CQI (Continued Quality Improvement)
• Survey and visits
• Standards (Environment of care and outcomes) What are National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators? - Correct Answer-- Examine performance based on clearly defined criteria, report cards

What does Benchmarking mean? - Correct Answer-- Evaluating or checking something by comparison with another institution What are Standards of Care? - Correct Answer-- Minimum requirements that must be met in a certain situation, apart of policy Ex: Patient comes in with MI Chapter 6: Law and Ethics - Correct Answer-- What does the Nurse Practice Act do? - Correct Answer-- - Defines practice professional nursing

• Sets educational and other requirements for licensure
• Determines legal titles
• Provides for disciplinary action What is the MAIN goal of the Nurse Practice Act? - Correct Answer-- Protect the public's health, safety, and welfare What is the primary purpose of the Ohio Board of Nursing? - Correct Answer-- Actively safeguard the health of the public through the effective regulation of nursing care Who makes up the Ohio Board of Nursing? - Correct Answer-- 8 RNs: Advanced practice nurse Staff nurse Educator

Dialysis expert 4 LPNs Who may call themselves nurses? - Correct Answer-- RNs and LPNs only (with a current licensure) What is the NCLEX? - Correct Answer-- National nursing examination to obtain licensure What is Licensure by Endorsement? - Correct Answer-- RNs may practice in different states without repeating the licensing examination (must pay fee and submit proof of licensure in another state) What are Compact states? - Correct Answer-- Allows RNs to have one license yet practice in other compact member states, does not require application, has been adopted by 24 states What is Malpractice? - Correct Answer-- Greatest legal concern for nursing practice, does not have to be intentional What reasons can cause a nurse to be sued? - Correct Answer-- Failure to follow standards of care Failure to use equipment in a responsible manner Failure to communicate Failure to document Failure to assess and monitor Failure to act as a patient advocate

What are the four elements of malpractice? - Correct Answer-- Nurse has assumed the duty of care Nurse breached the duty by failing standard of care The failure was the proximate cause of the injury The injury is proven Describe the relationship between delegation and accountability - Correct Answer-

• Giving someone authority to act for another, must retain accountability for acts delegated to another person Define Confidentiality - Correct Answer-- Protection of private information about a patient during provision of medical services What is HIPAA? - Correct Answer-- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; first federal privacy standard to protect patients' medical records; must ensure patients' privacy/ confidentiality What are the disadvantages to social networking for healthcare professionals? - Correct Answer-- Inaccuracies can become "fact" Patient privacy can be breached Public's trust in nurses can be compromised Individual nursing careers can be damaged What are the advantages to social networking for healthcare professionals? - Correct Answer-- Networking Exchange knowledge

Educating the public Fostering professional connections Promoting timely communication with patients and familf Chapter 7: Health Promotion, Disease, Prevention, & Illness (Community Perspective) - Correct Answer-- What is a Community? - Correct Answer-- People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop. Use in common, agencies and institutions, and sharing a physical environment What is a Healthy Community? - Correct Answer-- A community that embraces the belief that health is more than merely an absence of disease; a healthy community includes those elements that enable people to maintain a high quality of life and productivity What is an Acute Illness? - Correct Answer-- Sudden onset, self limited

• Follows the curative model
• Ex: Pneumonia What is a Chronic Illness? - Correct Answer-- Disease processes that are not going away
• Goals: Improve self-care capacity, manage disease, prevent complications, improve quality of life
• Ex: AIDS, Cancer, Diabetes

What is a Vulnerable Population? - Correct Answer-- A group of people at risk for health problems

• Ex: Children, elderly, immigrants, homeless, mentally ill How can we involve patients as a member of the healthcare team? - Correct Answer-- Involving patients in assessment, planning, and decision-making What are the consequences of barriers to access of care? - Correct Answer-- - Patient may not receive preventive care
• Neglect routine care
• Do not follow up with necessary care
• Patient's may use the "safety net" (ER, free clinic) **Results in poor outcomes What is Access to care? - Correct Answer-- Someone's ability to obtain health care What are the Barriers that prevent access to care? - Correct Answer-- Finances, location, etc. What is a Health Disparity? - Correct Answer-- An inequality or gap that exists between two or more groups Give an example of a Healthcare disparity? - Correct Answer-- Someone who has more money will receive better care and be healthier

What is Health promotion? - Correct Answer-- Aimed at changing lifestyle to maximize health, primary prevention

• Ex: Sleeping, eating right, vaccinations, check-ups What is Disease Prevention? - Correct Answer-- Interventions to stop the development of disease
• Primary: prevent disease before it occurs (vaccination)
• Secondary: Preventing complications from existing disease (taking insulin when needed)
• Tertiary: Disability has occurred; prevent worsening What is the World Health Organization (WHO)? - Correct Answer-- Made up of 150 countries in the world to promote overall health
• Direct and coordinate international health from the global perspective What are the three levels of Public Health? - Correct Answer-- Federal State Local Give an example of what Federal level focuses on: - Correct Answer-- Center for Disease Control (CDC): Focuses on epidemics and outbreaks and national disasters Give an example of what the State level focuses on: - Correct Answer-- Ohio Department of Health (ODH): School health, long-term care facilities, environment health issues

Give an example of what the Local level focuses on: - Correct Answer-- Summit County Public Health (SCPH): School setting, restaurants, free clinics, Sanitarians What is the goal of Public Health? - Correct Answer-- To secure health and promote wellness How does Public Health achieve these goals? - Correct Answer-- Assessment Policy development Assurance What is the goal of Continuum of Care? - Correct Answer-- To decrease fragmented care and costs What is Continuity of Care? - Correct Answer-- Focuses on care over time, on individual patients

• Provides share information
• Patients have a relationships with a PCP What is Health People 2020? - Correct Answer-- A national prevention initiative, focusing on improving the health of Americans, provides a comprehensive set of disease prevention and health promotion goals What is Rehabilitation? - Correct Answer-- Tertiary care, retain best level of functioning

What is Extended Care or Long-term Care? - Correct Answer-- Aging population needs care What is Hospice Care? - Correct Answer-- Supporting life as long as possible

• Patient and family actively participate in decisions What is Palliative Care? - Correct Answer-- Alleviating symptoms, meeting needs of patient and family What is Resilience? - Correct Answer-- Someone's ability to bounce back and move on in life after a stressful situation Chapter 14: The Future of Nursing - Correct Answer-- What is Transformational Leadership? - Correct Answer-- Emphasizes a positive work environment, rewarding staff, recognition of importance of change What characteristics do Transformational Leaders have? - Correct Answer-- Create vision and mission statements Are honest, energetic, loyal, confident, self-directed, flexible, and committed What is Autocratic? - Correct Answer-- Leader makes all decisions, makes schedule, strict rules, only one in charge

What is Bureaucratic? - Correct Answer-- Follows all rules and policies and implements them Distinguish between leadership and management - Correct Answer-- Leadership- Have a vision on where the organization should be, people want to follow them, demonstrate behaviors Management- Responsible for day-to-day operations, tell behaviors What is Laissez-Faire? - Correct Answer-- Hands off, little regulation, little to no management What is the Emotional Intelligence Theory? - Correct Answer-- Focuses on relationships and feelings, manage people by building relationships What is the Chaos or Quantum Theory? - Correct Answer-- Everyone relies on each other to accomplish certain tasks, work together What is the Knowledge Management Theory? - Correct Answer-- Focus on knowledge workers, critical thinking, managing people that are highly intellectual, accountability focus What are the three levels of management? What does each do? - Correct Answer-- Unit Manager- Nurses report to, reports to director Directors- Manages many units, reports to CNO Administration- Responsible for the entire hospital

What is Shared Governance? - Correct Answer-- Focuses on giving people accountability, authority, and responsibility Not easy to develop Define Power - Correct Answer-- Ability to influence others and influence decisions What is Informational Power? - Correct Answer-- Ability to access and share information What is Referent Power? - Correct Answer-- Person is admired; others will follow them What is Expert Power? - Correct Answer-- Respected for expertise What is Coercive Power? - Correct Answer-- Based on punishment What is Reward Power? - Correct Answer-- Ability to reward others What is Persuasive Power? - Correct Answer-- Use persuasion to influence others Define Empowerment - Correct Answer-- Enable to act Decision-making ability, independence/autonomy, control over the image of nursing Define Assertiveness - Correct Answer-- Self-advocacy, "I" statements, avoid being defensive, stay calm, accept and acknowledge mistakes, listen to others

Define Advocacy - Correct Answer-- Speaking on behalf of something or someone else What are Nursing Specialities? - Correct Answer-- Specialties developed to meet the need for for used experience Explain the Professional Practice Model - Correct Answer-- Differentiated Practice- BSN paid more than LPN, different NCLEX for NP, etc. What is Primary Nursing? - Correct Answer-- RN is responsible for creating and communicating plan of care of the patient What is Team Nursing? - Correct Answer-- RN is the lead of the team with LPN and PCA assigned to them RN delegates tasks to LPN and PCA What is Functioning Nursing? - Correct Answer-- RN medication care RN treatment care PCA hygienic care

• Bad model because the individuals don't communicate about the patient What is HCAHPS? - Correct Answer-- A survey sent to patients after they go home from the hospital
• Mostly nursing influenced questions