BIOL 2051 Lecture Exam 4: Microbiology and Immunology - Prof. K. Sullivan, Study notes of Biology

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BIOL 2051 Lecture Exam 4 (23-26)  The bladder is not sterile  The colon has the most diverse and highest quantity of bacteria in the body  UT infections caused by fac. Anaerobes (Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Neisseria)  Correct order of phagocytosis: **  Interferon –  Defensin –  Mother passes immunity to child = naturally acquired passive immunity  Snakebite victim is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity  Pathogens inside of phagocytes can avoid death by preventing phagosomes from fusing with lysosomes (use hemolysins to break out)  What is the region called that binds the antigen? hypervariable region  Which of the following is not part of a complement system?  Which is the first to respond to infection? IgM  Which is the most abundant? IgG  Which is found in breast milk? IgA  Which makes the antibody specific for the antigen? Plasma Cell?  Second-time exposure results in faster response because of..? memory cell  Mother making antibodies for baby is what type of hypersensitivity? II  Which type of hypersensitivity involves T cells? IV  Which is a delayed hypersensitivity? Mycobacterium tuberculosis  This is the number needed to infect half the experimental group? ID  Which of the following need fimbriae to infect the host? Neisseria and E coli  Which would break down a clot in a stroke patient? Streptococcus pyogenes  Vibrio cholera is an example of an enterotoxin  Which of the following is not an exotoxin? Cholera  Several questions about exo, entero, and endo toxins  Which is false? The cold and flu virus are not deadly  Which is associated with Streptococcus? All of the above (tonsillitis, impetigo, scarlet fever)  Pathogen that binds to ciliated epithelial cells of brochi and trachea? Bordetella pertussis  Most common STD? Chlamydia  Which infects the genital area? Herpes virus II  Which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if untreated? Neisseria gonorrhea  Which is associated with Clostridium botulinum? Blocks the release of acetylcholine  Question similar to the previous but about Clostridium tetenani?  Which of the following is the cause of typhoid fever? Deer tick, dog tick, other options?  What causes strep throat? Streptococcus pyogenes  What should not have microbes? Kidney

 Least to most microbes: Lower resp., stomach, upper resp, small intestine, large intestine  What organism can be found in the genitourinary? ***  Plasma B cells make specific antibodies?  Know what defensin, interferon, O and Vi are  Question about iron? Siderophores  What organism produces leukosidin (lyses white blood cells)? **  Know about pili  Put these in order: exposure, adhesion, invasion, colonization  Know immunogenicity  Know L50 and I  Some question about polymorphonuclear leukocytes? Answer is Neutrophils  An example of artificially acquired active immunity? Toxoid  Compare hypersensitivities  Superantigens  What causes the toxic in gram negatives? Lipid A  What happened in 1918? Influenza  What causes impetigo? Staph aureus and strep pyogenes  Pathogen that binds to cili epithelia cells of bronchi and trachea? Bordetella pertussis  Transmitted by ticks? Borrelia burgdorferi  Which plaque is most life threatening? Septicemic plaque  Something about insects carrying diseases? Vector  What organism secretes urease to neutralize acid in stomach? Helicobacter pylori  Which is the best immune response to Staph aureus infection in blood? Options are specific immune response and nonspecific  Which of the following is a surface polysaccharide that prevents phagocytosis? The O antigen of Salmonella  What disease is caused by Ricksettia? Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever  What disease is caused by orthomyxoviruses? Flu  Which is used to make diphtheria vaccine? Toxoid  Which describes what streptokinase does? Helps invade the host tissue further by breaking down clots  Which organism produces dextran? Strep mutans  What would cause NK cells to destroy a host cell? Cell stops producing MHC I  Superantigens cause a very strong immune response and can cause systemic shock  Type II hypersensitivity would cause a mothers immune system to attach her fetus’s blood  Mast cells release histamine  Group of proteins that cause enhanced immune function and increased phagocytosis? Complement  What happens on the second exposure to an antigen? IgE causes histamine release  Which is used to describe the number of organisms needed to kill 50%? LD

 Malaria caused by Plasmodium  Thc binds to antigen presented by B cell after phagocytosis of foreign object  Which of the following releases antibodies upon second exposure to pathogens? Memory B cells  Which is the mode of action of tetanus toxins? Inhibits glycine  Which org produces toxin affecting nervous system? Clostridium botulinum  Which organism sticks to teeth after producing polysacc from sucrose? Streptococcus mutans  Septic shock is due to what? **  Extravasation deals with what type of cell? Macrophage  Is poison ivy an autoimmune disease? **  Receiving anteriserum is an example of what? Artificially acquired passive  T cell lymphocytes originate from? Bone marrow  What is the most dominant immunoglobin? IgG  Difference b/t hypersensitivity type 2 and type 3? **  What is an example of delayed hypersensitivity? TB skin test  Which hypersensitivity involves T cellS? Type 4  What virulence factor binds iron? Siderophore  What portion of gram neg bacteria is toxic? Lipid A  Gram pos can be transmitted through the air  What microbe inhibits protein synthesis? Corynebacterium diphtheria  Not a symptom of influenza? Sore throat  Travelers diarrhea? E coli  Disease that form chacres? Syphilis  Erythromycin is eye ointment for infants with gonorrhea