PSW-NACC- Final Exam Study Set Test-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 .docx, Exams of Nursing

Download PSW-NACC- Final Exam Study Set Test-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 .docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! PSW-NACC: Final Exam Study Set Test-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 Holistic Care Considering the whole person. Considering their physical, social, emotional, cognitive and spiritual dimensions. Professionalism an approach to work that demonstrates respect for others, commitment, competence, and appropriate behaviours. Professional Boundaries Appropriate limitations on behaviour, meant to protect the vulnerable client from the caregiver who has access to private knowledge about him or her. Regulation of a PSW The PSW is an unregulated profession. For an unregulated care provider there are clearly identified services we provide under the supervision of the client, family member, regulated health care provider or employer. There is no legislation to regulate PSW's or an organization of professional college that governs the role. There is no official code of ethics but they must adhere to the codes of behaviour from their employer. In Ontario, regulated health professions are governed under the ______________________, 1991 (RHPA) and health profession Acts (i.e., Medicine Act, 1991). This legislative framework establishes health regulatory colleges, which regulate the professions in the public interest. i.e. the college of nurses. Regulated Health Professions Act Focuses on rehabilitation; teaches clients skills needed to perform ADLs; designs adaptive equipment for ADLs occupational therapist Focuses on rehabilitation; assist clients with musculo-skeletal impairments; focuses on restoring function and preventing disability from illness or injury physical therapist assesses, makes nursing diagnoses, plans, implements, and evaluates nursing care. Tends to clients with unstable health conditions; provides direct client care, administers medications, supervises support workers Registered Nurse licenced practical nurse a health care provider licensed and regulated by the province or territory to carry out nursing techniques and provide client care. Known as a ________ in Ontario. Assault identified in Canada's Criminal Code and can be defined as intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a client's body without the client's consent, causing the client to fear bodily harm. Battery (part of tort law) is the actual intentional touching of a client's body without the client's consent. Slander making harmful false statements orally. negligence Body alignment the way in which body parts (head, trunk, arms and legs) are positioned in relation to one another, whether lying, sitting, or standing. Also known as posture. muscular atrophy the decrease in size or wasting away of muscles. It's a complication from lack of exercise and must be prevented. Contracture the lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle Flexion bending of a body part Abduction movement of a body part away from the midline of the body Adduction the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body prostheses artificial replacements for missing body parts Orthotics an apparatus work to support and align parts of the musculo-skeletal system and prevent or correct problems associated with it. Examples: splits/braces. You may help the client put on the orthotic and practise moving or walking with it. Splints keep the wrist, thumb and fingers in normal position. They are usually secured with Velcro. Some have foam padding. Cancer a group of diseases characterized by the out of control cell division and growth, which can occur in many body systems. This cell division leads to the development of a lump or mass of cells. This new growth of abnormal cells is called a tumour. Benign noncancerous malignant cancerous metastasis the spread of cancer to other body parts. Cells break off tumours and travel to other body parts where new tumours grow. osteoporosis a bone disorder (______) in which the bone becomes porous and brittle (_____) angina pectoris chest (_______) pain (_______) caused by ischemia, a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle, which is usually caused by an obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries because of coronary artery disease. hepatitis an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A spread by fecal oral route. Risk factors include crowded living conditions, and poor sanitation and hygiene. While providing care always wear gloves and follow standard practices. Practicing hand hygiene is essential for everyone. _____ does not cause chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B present in an infected person's blood and certain body fluids (semen and vaginal secretions) and can be spread through sexual intercourse or by sharing needles etc. Always follow standard practices. glaucoma an eye disease that causes pressure within the eye and vision loss. a tube that drains the bladder and is removed after voiding. It is inserted through the urethra. In-dwelling catheter a tube that is inserted into the bladder through the urinary meatus and urethra. A balloon within the catheter is inflated after insertion, preventing the catheter from slipping out of the bladder Tubing connects to a drainage bag. Also called a retention or Foley Catheter Suprapubic Catheter a catheter that is surgically inserted through the abdomen, above the pubic bone, into the bladder. This type of catheter is used for client's who require long-term catheterization or after certain types of surgeries. The insertion site must be cleaned daily with soap and water and covered with dry gauze. Sundowning a condition in which the signs, symptoms, and behaviours of dementia increase at bedtime or during hours of darkness. tablet dry, powdered medications that have been formed into hard discs or cylinders; sublingual medications are placed under the tongue and dissolved or absorbed into the body suppository solid form of medication for insertion into the rectum or vagina; body temperature causes the suppository to dissolve, and the medication is released and absorbed by the mucous membranes. elixir medication dissolved in liquid containing alcohol or water and flavourings capsule small gelatin containers that hold medications rigor mortis the stiffness or rigidity (____) of skeletal muscles that occurs after death (____) nurses Only regulated health care providers like _______ have the authority (legal right) to perform certain tasks because they have the knowledge, skill and training to perform them. controlled acts considered harmful if they are performed by unqualified people. In some circumstances some acts will be delegated to you. In order to do this, specific conditions called "exceptions" must be met. stable Delegated tasks must have predictable outcomes that require little supervision and can only be delegated for _____ clients. refuse You can ______ a task to be delegated to you if you have concerns about your ability to do the task, it is beyond your scope of practice, the client's condition changes The right task Can the task be delegated? Does the provincial nursing act or health professions act allow the nurse to delegate the task? Is the task in your job description? Have you been trained to do the task? A job description should be available. The right circumstances What are the client's physical, emotional, social, spiritual and cognitive needs currently? Do you understand the purpose of the task for the client? Do you have the equipment and supplies needed to perform the task? Do you know how to use the equipment and supplies? The right person Do you have the training and experience to safely perform the task for this client? Do you have concerns about performing the task? The right directions and communication has the nurse provided clear directions and instruction? Has the nurse told you what to do, when to do it, what observations to make and when to report back? Are the directions legal, ethical, and consistent with convert Never try to ______ a client and treat all religious items with respect - do not touch unless permitted. need A _____ is something that is necessary or desirable for maintaining life and psychosocial well-being. maslow According to ________, certain basic needs must be met for a person to survive and function. These needs are arranged in a hierarchy, or order or importance. Lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs. first Physical needs (must be met ______) like oxygen, food, water, elimination, rest and shelter. safety Need for _______ - protection from harm, danger, fear and pain. love Need for _____ and belonging - Romantic and physical _____. The need for a rightful place in society, in a peer group and in family self-esteem Need for ______ - thinking well of oneself and being well thought of by others. When ________ is fulfilled, a person feels confident, adequate and useful. actualization Need for self ________, or the fulfillment of one's potential (last need to be met) Learning, understanding, and creating one's best life. Charter of Rights and Freedoms federal legislation that applies to all Canadians regardless of where they live. Constitution The Charter of Rights and Freedoms It is part of the Canadian ______and applies at the federal level so all provincial and territorial laws must be consistent with it's rules. conscience The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the freedom of ______ and religion opinion The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the freedom of thought, belief, _______, and expression assembly The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the freedom of peaceful _______ and association (usually associated with the right to form a union and strike) vote The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the right to _____ Canada The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the right to enter, stay in, or leave ______ liberty The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the right to life, _______ and security discrimination The Charter or Rights and Freedoms includes the right to equality before and under the law, without _________ based on race, ethnic origin, colour, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability. dignity Generally all clients have the right to be treated with _________ and respect. privacy emotional Restraints can cause _________ harm and serious physical injury. physician's order Restraints require a ___________, after consultation with the client's family. Support workers _______________ never decide if restraints are to be used. unnecessary _________ restraint is false imprisonment. There must be written consent in the client's chart for using restraints. discipline Restraints are never used to _________ a client. staff Restraints are never used for ______ convenience and only in the way the physician ordered. behaviour Always try and determine the reason for the client's agitation or ____________. Knowing and addressing the reason for this usually prevents the need for use of restraints. avoided Restraint use should always be ______. Restraint alternatives should always be part of the care plan. risks Informed consent is required. The client must understand the reason for the restraint. How the restraint will help and what the _____ of the restraint are. (only nurses and doctors can get informed consent.) extreme Restraints are used only in _______ cases and when necessary to prevent harm. basic needs While using a restraint the client's ________ must be met. observed The client is ________ at least every 15 minutes or more often as required by the care plan. repositioned The restraint is removed, the client is ________, and basic needs are met at least every 2 hours. documented Information about restraints must be ________ in the client's care plan whenever they are used. every floor It's essential to have working fire detectors on_______of the home and ideally outside of the sleeping area. smoke detectors Identify where the ________ are and notify your supervisor if they are not working. race During a fire practice the acronym _____. rescue R - for ____. ______ people in immediate danger. Move them to a safe place. alarm A - for _____. Sound the nearest fire _____. Call 911 if in a client's home. confine gloves Wear _______ when touching blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, mucous membranes and contaminated items. between Change gloves _____ tasks and procedures on the same client. masks Eye protection and _____ are worn during procedures and tasks that are likely to cause splashes of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions. gowns Protects contamination of clothing shake Do not ______ linens as to prevent the spread of microbes sharps Use extreme care when handling _____ (anything that can pierce the skin) private room A ______ is used if the client contaminates the area, does not or cannot assist in maintaining hygiene or environmental control fever Signs and Symptoms of Infection _____ and chills respiratory Signs and Symptoms of Infection increased pulse and ______ rates pain Signs and Symptoms of Infection aches, ______, or tenderness energy Signs and Symptoms of Infection fatigue and loss of _____ appetite Signs and Symptoms of Infection, loss of __________ sores Signs and Symptoms of Infection _____ on mucous membranes swelling Signs and Symptoms of Infection redness and ____ of a body part discharge or drainage Signs and Symptoms of Infection ____________ from the infected area that may have a foul odour sore throat Signs and Symptoms of Infection new or increased cough, _______ or runny or stuffy nose urinating Signs and Symptoms of Infection burning pain when ________ or the need to _____more often or with increased urgency behavioural Signs and Symptoms of Infection behavioural__________ changes in older adults accidental Falls are the most common cause of all _______ injuries in all settings and children and older adults are at greatest risk. cognitively impaired While you should always supervise your clients, pay special attention to children, clients in wheelchairs, clients with a history of injuries, sedated clients, older clients and those ___________as they are at greatest risk. transfer boards Some agencies use____________to assist with sliding from the bed to a chair or wheelchair. Transfer boards are used when the client can assist with the transfer. padding Make sure there is adequate ______ on the buttocks and the staff must ensure shearing does not happen. pressure ulcers A support workers responsibility is to promote comfort, prevent _________ and maintain proper posture in the client. long bones Bones that weight bear are called ________. immobile patient Turn the_________at least every 2 hours, or as directed by the care plan. The tension-building phase every day events and comments irritate the abuser. The abuser becomes more aggressive and the victim may try to calm soothe and please the abuser or try and stay out of the abuser's way. The abusive phase Tension explodes into an abusive event. It may involve neglect or physical, sexual, emotional or financial abuse. Often the _____ is triggered by an even unrelated to the victim's behaviour. The honeymoon phase The abuser feels ashamed or sorry. He apologizes and never to do it again. perhaps offering presents or be very loving. At this stage, the abuser and the victim may believe the abuser can change. duty Every support worker has a ____ to report abuse. protect There are laws to ______ people who make the reports as long as they are not falsely made or motivated by malice. health Nutrition: Food and water are necessary for life and affect our current and future _____. slow healing For all age groups, a poor diet will affect your physical and mental health growth and function, increase the risk for disease and ________. Food and drink also contribute to social and emotional health. Nutrition _____________refers to the processes involved with ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of foods and fluids by the body. Ingestion ____________ is the process of taking food and fluids into the body. Digestion ___________ is the process of physically and chemically breakdown nutrients so that they can be absorbed for the use by the cells. Absorption _____________ is the process by which substances pass through the intestinal wall into the blood. balanced diet Those who follow the recommendations in the Canadian Food Guide will obtain all the nutrients they need for a _______. nutrients Food and fluids contain _______- substances that are ingested, digested, absorbed and used by the body. Minerals They are grouped into 6 categories: Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, ______ and Water. enters through food and fluids and is excreted through urine, feces, perspiration and respiration (expiration of the lungs). fluid The amount of ______ taken and lost must be in a balance. Death can result from inadequate water intake or from excessive ______ loss. life cycle A healthy diet contains food from all food groups. Nutrition requirements differ throughout the _______ of a person. Infancy ______ is a period of rapid growth and development. Babies are either bottle or breastfed. Only breast milk provides antibodies. The pediatrician or a public brain Children under 4 should not be placed on a low-fat diet, as fat is needed for _____ development and energy. puberty For both boys and girls, the biggest growth spurt after infancy occurs during _____ and increased nutrients are needed for this rapid growth. eating habits Many adolescents have poor ______ which can lead to eating disorders, iron deficiency and poor health. adults Nutritional requirements depend on age, gender, body size, and activity levels. Unless extremely active, most _____ have lower energy needs than adolescents and energy continue to decline into their 40's and 50's. expenditure If calorie intake exceeds energy ___________, adults will gain weight. additional Pregnant woman and their developing fetuses require nutrient rich food, about 500 _________ calories per day. folic acid Health Canada suggests that pregnant and breastfeeding women increase ______, iron and calcium intake. Low ______ intake before and during pregnancy increases the risk for spinal cord and brain abnormalities in infants. remain high In older adults, nutritional levels ___________. survival 1500 ml / day of water is needed for _________. normal fluid balance For ______________ 2000 to 2500 ml / day is required. allergies To ensure safety, check care plans to be aware of any food or liquid _______ or intolerances your client may have spoons Use ____ not forks when feeding a client. facing Sit _______ the client so you can see signs of choking or swallowing difficulty. fall asleep Some clients may _________ while eating, gently stroke their cheek to rouse them. living longer The number of older adults is increasing as people are ________. caressing Older adults can express these needs through hand holding, touching,________, and embracing. microbes Bathing helps keep the skin as well as the genital and anal areas clean by removing _______, dead skin, perspiration and excess oils. exercises A bath is relaxing, stimulates circulation, and _______ body parts. observations During baths you're able to make important ________ about clients, and you have time to get to know them. chills You must provide slipping, falls,_______and burns. accommodate Some clients cannot tolerate the typical bathing positions. You must ________ the procedure to the client. respected The client's bath time is _______ whenever possible. thin Bath water that is too hot can scald a frail, _____ person. Many agencies require 2 people to check the water temperature and record it in the client's chart. dry skin Aging and soap can cause _______, which is easily damaged. When using soap, ensure you're rinsing thoroughly. bath oils ___________ should never be added to tubs baths, as they can increase the risk of the client slipping and falling. Complete Bed Bath involves washing the entire body while client is still in bed. It is given to clients who cannot bathe themselves, clients who are unconscious, paralyzed, in casts or traction or weak from illness or surgery. Explain to the client how a bed bath works and that the persons body will be covered for privacy. Towel Baths usually an oversized towel is used to cover the client's body. The towel is saturated with a cleaning solution which contains water, a cleaning solution and a skin softening agent. Clients with dementia often accept this type of bath well. Bag Baths a prepackaged bath containing moist washcloths that are heated in the microwave. No towel is needed as the skin is air dried. The Partial Bath involves bathing the face, hands, axillae (underarms), back, buttocks and perineal area. These areas develop odors or cause discomfort if they are not clean. ___________ are given to client's who cannot bathe themselves. Some clients may be able to bath themselves in bed or standing at a sink. Tub Baths many clients find tub baths relaxing, but they can cause a client to feel faint, weak, or tired. These risks are greater for those on bed rest. As such a ______ should last no longer than 20 minutes. before and after Clean the tub _______ use to avoid the spread of microbes. safe In a client's home the bathroom should be as _____as possible. Ensure a rubber bath mat or non-skid strips on the tub or shower floor. Safety devices such as grab bars, transfer boards and bath or shower chairs are helpful to some clients. The case manager and other health care team members will help arrange for these devices. Illness and disease often cause a bad taste in the mouth. Some medications and diseases can cause a __________ on the tongue, other cause redness and swelling of the mouth and tongue. oxygen administration Dry mouth is a common result of ________, smoking, low fluid intake, mouth breathing and anxiety. Some medications cause dry mouth. pneumonia Bacteria that grows in the oral cavity can be aspirated into the lungs and cause diseases such as _____. heart disease Clients with oral disease are at risk for thickening of the carotid arteries, which leads to ______. 2 hours Oral care is given at least every _______. wear gloves Always _______during oral care. Gather up the needed supplies first. gum line There is no consensus on how to brush teeth however, all agree you should start at the ______ holding at a 45-degree angle. short strokes Brush with _____. biting surfaces Brush back and forth on the _______ of the teeth. 37.0 C Average oral temperature is ________. 37.4 C Average tympanic temperature is ________. 36.5 C Average axillary temperature is _______. 37.5 C Average rectal temperature is ________. 120-160 An infant pulse rate is between _________ BPM. 90-140 A toddlers pulse rate is between _____BPM 80-110 A preschoolers pulse rate is between ______ BPM. 75-100 A school-aged child's pulse rate is between ____ BPM. 60-100 Both adolescents and adults have a pulse rate between ______BPM. 30-60 A newborn breathes between ________ breaths per minute. 20-50 An infant breathes between ________ breaths per minute. 25-32 A toddler breathes between ________ breaths per minute. Planning Establishing priorities and goals and developing measures or actions to help the client meet their goals. Establishing Priorities The entire care team and family/ loves one's help decide the client's _________. Setting Goals After the priorities are agreed upon, the next step is to discuss _______. Sometimes these ______ are only discussed with the client and other times the health care team. ______ are practical, achievable, and measurable and are time specific for evaluating results. intervention An _________ is an action or measure taken by the health care team to help the client meet a goal. An _______ does not need a physician's order but may come with a physician's order. care plan The _______ is a document that details the care and services the client must receive during the shift. The ________ contains the client's diagnosis, goals and the interventions required to achieve each goal. consistent The care plan has several important functions - it lists the care a client MUST receive, ensures the client's care is________. Each provider of care uses the same methods, Enables the care team to effectively communicate about the client's care. living document The care plan is a _______, and is continually reviewed and revised depending on the client's needs, condition and progress. Usually only the case manager who has responsibility for the client's care can make changes to the care plan. Implementation The carrying out or performing the actions listed in the care plan. The nurse in charge delegates tasks to the members of the health care team. As a support worker you are only assigned or delegated tasks that are within the legal limits of your role and job description. The nurse will communicate the tasks you will be responsible for. observing There are four main functions of the implementation process - providing the care,______ the client during the care, reporting and recording that the care has been completed, reporting and recording the observations made during the care. Evaluation Assessing and measuring the progress a client is making towards the goals previously agreed upon. Goals can be met totally, partly or not at all. The nurses assess the reason why no progress or partial progress toward reaching the goal. ROM During rehabilitaition the PSW will assist with personal care and ______ exercises. management During rehabilitaition the PSW will household _____________. case conferences During rehabilitaition the PSW will provide input at _______ about client's progress, changes in care and concerns the client has expressed. basic needs Infants are helpless and cannot protect themselves. They depend on others for their ________. immune system It is important to practice hand hygiene as an infant's ________ is delicate. comforted Infants are ______ when they are held and cuddled as it helps them feel loved and secure. lift Cord care is done with each bath and is continued for__________ after the cord comes off. urine Keep the top of the diaper below the cord to prevent irritation and contamination by _________. daily Repeat cord care _______ and any time the cord gets wet or soiled. foreskin Circumcision is the removal of the ________ from the penis. cancers It is usually preformed in the hospital before the baby goes home and is through to promote hygiene and prevent some ____. retract In baby boys the foreskin doesn't _________ and should never be forced. every diaper change Whether circumcised or not, the area should be cleaned __________. Use mild soap and water, or wipes. petroleum jelly After circumcision, a gauze square covered in ________ may be applied on the baby's penis. sore The penis will look red, swollen, and _____ for the first couple of days after circumcision. 10-14 It will not interfere with urination. The area should be completely healed within ____ days. loosely Place the diaper_____ if the baby has been circumcised to avoid irritating the penis. baby You cannot leave the_____ while bathing so gather up all your supplies. excoriated Skin and folds that are not cleaned and dried thoroughly can become _______ (red and irritated.) 37.8 - 40.6 Pay special attention to water temperature. A baby's skin is delicate and easily burned. Measure the temp with a thermometer or the inside of your wrist.. The water should be between ________ C. short The baby's finger and toe nails should be kept _______, otherwise the baby could scratch themselves or others. bleed Extreme care should be taken not to cut them too short as they could ______ a lot. sleeping It is best to cut the baby's nails while ______ so there is no fuss and squirming. weighed Infants are _____ at birth and that is a baseline to measure the infant's growth. contagious infections Canadian babies and children require routine administration of vaccines to be able to fend off _______. rare:Vaccines are so effective the diseases they prevent have now become so rare_____in Canada. quickly highchair Secure the child in a ______or infant seat. Use all the straps. Keep chairs away from stoves, tables and counters. The children can push off from these and fall backwards. bottles Do not prop _______ on a rolled towel or blanket. Hold the baby while ______ feeding it. backs Position babies on their _____ for sleeping vehicle Do not leave children unattended in a _______. they can suffocate very quickly in higher temps or suffer from the extreme cold. soft music To assist your client with dementia provide a quiet, restful setting. ______ is better than loud TV programs. rush To assist your client with dementia, do not _____ the client. be put on To assist your client with dementia, lay clothing out in the order it will_______. dementia A general term that describe the progressive loss of brain functions, including cognitive and social functions. It is not a single disease but rather a group of illnesses that involve memory, behaviour, learning, decision making and communication. complex tasks regarding dementia, problems with ________ are affected first, then simple tasks like eating and toileting are lost. diseases or conditions Dementia is a group of symptoms that may occur with certain ___________. memory loss Early warning signs of dementia include, recent _______ that affects job skills. simple Early warning signs of dementia include, problems with language; forgetting _____ words familiar places Early warning signs of dementia include, getting lost in _______. misplacing things Early warning signs of dementia include, ________ and putting things in odd places state your name Support communication for dementia patients by, address the client by name and ____________. language Support communication for dementia patients by, use _________ the client will understand. date and time Support communication for dementia patients by, give the__________ each morning. directions Support communication for dementia patients by, give clear simple ______________. current events Support communication for dementia patients by, discuss _______, and provide reading materials. hearing aids To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, ensure the client wears glasses and or _______ as prescribed. argue To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, do not ______ with the client. protect To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, reassure the client. tell them you'll _______ them from harm. upsetting To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, eliminate any _______ noises. lighting To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, check the___________. mirrors To minimize hallucinations and delusions with dementia, cover or remove _______. bedtime To assist the client with dementia sleep, follow ______ rituals. night lights To assist the client with dementia sleep, use ________ which prevent accidents and disorientation. caffeine To assist the client with dementia sleep, limit ________ intake. naps To assist the client with dementia sleep, discourage ____. exercise To assist the client with dementia sleep, encourage _______. Vascular Dementia Caused by small strokes resulting in brain tissue death (multi-infarct ______) personality These strokes with vascular dementia do not necessarily lead to hemiplegia but may instead cause changes in ________ or memory. stages Dementia occurs in _____. mild Stage 1 _______ (early stage) of dementia diagnosis During state 1, the client is usually aware of the _________ and will be able to participate in decisions affecting future care. learning new things During stage 1, there may be mild forgetfulness, difficulty _______________, problems with orientation, communication difficulties. orientation During stage 1, there may be mild forgetfulness, difficulty learning new things, problems with __________, communication difficulties. communication During stage 1, there may be mild forgetfulness, difficulty learning new things, problems with orientation, _________ difficulties. middle stage Stage 2: Moderate (________) of dementia. Only take /give medications for their intended purpose. Taking more meds to increase drowsiness to sleep isn't good and needs to be reported. The right expiry date Never take meds past their expiry date. Over time the potency can change and some meds can become toxic. The right documentation Any meds given must be properly documented according to agency policy. Meds are usually written in the MAR. anaphylaxis is a severe sensitivity to an antigen (allergic reaction) seconds Anaphylactic shock can occur within ______. symptoms One of the 3 main goals of hospice or palliative care is to assist in controlling the pain and _______ of illness. natural process One of the 3 main goals of hospice or palliative care is to ensure that death is a ______. compassionate care One of the 3 main goals of hospice or palliative care is to provide ___________. weeks Death may take minutes, hours, days or____. Encourage the client to do as much as they can, but as the client weakens more help will be needed. breathing problems The dying patient requires frequent positioning - frequent position changes and supportive devices promote comfort. Semi-Fowlers position is best for easing ___________.Ask the client which position is the most comfortable. vision blurs At the end of life, ______ and gradually fails. A dark room may be frightening for a client. hearing one of the last functions to be lost. Many clients even unconscious ones are able to ____ until the moment of death. questions Avoid tiring your dying client out with a lot of ______. If need be, ask yes or no questions. death nears Frequent oral care is given as ______ and the client has difficulty taking fluids. Sores can develop as mucous membranes become very dry. Offer ice chips or small sips if the client has a dry mouth. Apply moisturizer to relieve dry, chapped lips. circulation ____________ to the arms and legs slow as death approaches. Hands and feet may feel especially cold to the touch. digesting food Nutrition needs decrease as the body can no longer deal with __________________, so amounts of ______ should be reduced. Easily _____ should be offered often. normal alignment Position the body in ________ before rigor mortis sets in. soiled After the client has died, bathe ______ areas eyelids After the client has died, close the ________by gently pulling the _______ over the eyes pouch The _____ is changed ever 3-7 days or whenever it leaks. Some people change it daily or whenever it becomes soiled. 2-part system frequent pouch changes should not damage the skin as the appliance would not change just the bag. all in one system The skin could be damaged by frequent changes. tight undergarments Clients can wear normal clothes. However,_________ may prevent feces from entering the pouch and a full bag may be seen through tight clothing. bathe If a client wants to ____ without their pouch on it's best to do so before eating. catheters used before, during and after surgery to keep the bladder empty (and out of the way). It reduced the risk of accidental bladder injury during and after surgery. It also prevents pressure on nearby organs kinks Make sure urine flows freely through the catheter or tubing. Tubing should not have _____, and the client should not lie on the tubing. growth of microbes Urine provides the ideal environment for the ________. drainage bag If the _______ is higher than the bladder, urine and flow back into the bladder and an infection can develop. bed rail If the client is in bed, attach the drainage bag to the bed frame. If in a chair, attach it to the back of a chair. NEVER attached it to the ______ as this would mean the drainage bag is higher than the bladder. inner thigh In women, secure the catheter to the ________. a day Provide catheter care, if ordered, once or twice ______. It includes cleaning the part of the tube that extends outside of the body. Catheter care helps prevent bladder or urethral infections. Some places deem peri care adequate, however catheter care is needed after fecal elimination and when there is vaginal drainage. hemiplegia Stroke can cause - ____________, paralysis (______) of one side (____) of the body; the right arm and leg or the left arm and leg weakness Stroke can cause - _________ on one side of the body facial Stroke can cause - loss of ________ muscle control emotions Stroke can cause - changing ________ (the person may cry easily, sometimes for no apparent reason) dysphagia Stroke can cause - difficulty swallowing (__________) vision Stroke can cause - dimmed _____ or loss of ______ aphasia Stroke can cause - loss of ability to speak or understand others; _______ pancreas Insulin is a hormone secreted by the ___ needed for the proper use of sugar. pre-diabetes More than 9 million Canadians live with diabetes or__________. Type 1 diabetes Occurs most often in children and young adults but can occur at any age. The pancreas does not produce insulin, leading to severe hyperglycemia. Symptoms develop early and daily insulin injections are needed. It is sometimes called (IDDM) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes Usually develops in adulthood but can occur in children. It is the most common type of diabetes. Obesity and family history are risk factors. Risk increases after 40 years of age. Hyperglycemia is often mild enough that client may not notice the symptoms. Treatment often consists of diet and exercise and oral medications. Insulin is sometimes required. It is often referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after the baby is born. This increases the risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. Hyperglycemia High blood sugar Hypoglycemia Low blood sugar