PSY 217 Final Exam Review With 100% Verified And Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download PSY 217 Final Exam Review With 100% Verified And Correct Answers 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! PSY 217 Final Exam Review With 100% Verified And Correct Answers 2024 _______________________________________ is the consistency of the observations - are the measurements the same each time they are taken on the same thing? - Correct Answer-reliability What are the differences between exempt, exempt with limited review, expedited and full review? - Correct Answer-exempt w/ limited review: minimal risk + falls under certain categories expedited: certain types of research considered to involve minimal risk exempt: considered low-risk and the only involvement of human subjects will be in the categories outlined in 45 CFR 46 full: anything above minimum review What are the major conclusions of Granrud, Yonas and Pettersen (1984)? - Correct Answer-Granrud et al. (1984) found that both 7- and 5- month infants could use stereopsis / binocular disparity for perceiving depth. _______________________________________ is whether the measurement actually measures what it claims to measure. - Correct Answer-validity Measurements can never be less / the same / more reliable than they are valid. - Correct Answer-less the two variables are independent to each eachother What is the level of measurement of a college student's major? - Correct Answer- nominal What is the level of measurement of a person's shoe size? - Correct Answer-interval What is the level of measurement of a college student's class rank? - Correct Answer- ordinal What is the level of measurement of a person's weight? - Correct Answer-ratio _______________________________________ occurs when a person or animal changes its behavior because it knows it is being observed. - Correct Answer-reactivity What type of observation occurs when one looks at the browsing history of a person's web browser? - Correct Answer-physical trace observation What type of observation occurs when one watches squirrels in front of the library? - Correct Answer-naturalistic observation What type of observation occurs when one observes other people in the same club / organization / group as the observer? - Correct Answer-participant observation _______________________________________ occurs when two people observe the same things and then their results are correlated. - Correct Answer-interobserver observation A(n) _______________________________________ occurs when the researcher tests the proposed method on a small group of people to see whether the protocol works and is capable of being performed. - Correct Answer-pilot study Title: Can A Word Sound Like A Shape Before You Have Seen It? Authors:Shao-Min Hung, Suzy J. Styles and Po-Jang Hsieh Journal: Psychological Science Year: 2017 Volume: 28 Pages: 263-275 DOI: 10.1177/0956797616677313 Issue: ?? (3) - Correct Answer-General Format: Last name, L., Last name, L. & Last name, L. (date). Title. Journal, volume(pages). https://doi.org Example: Hung, S., Styles, S.J. & Hsieh, P. (2017). Can a word sound like a shape before you have seen it? Psychological Sciences, 28(3), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1177... Create an APA style citation for the first time the article is cited. - Correct Answer-Hung et al. (2017) Create an APA style citation for the second time the article is cited in the same paragraph. - Correct Answer-Hung et al. What are the style and content of an APA style title page? - Correct Answer-- running head is all caps and page # - Title of Study (centered and in title case, in bold {always capitalize first letter if word if word is < 4 words) - double space twice after title - full name - department - class - professor name - due date - plenty of space - authors note (italicization and indented) _______________________________________ validity is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other people, situations, or times. - Correct Answer-external Why can't internal and external validity both be high in the same study? - Correct Answer-inversely related (to have high interval validity, you need to control everything, this does not generalize in relation to the real world) - possible for both to be low - impossible for both to be high A(n) _______________________________________ occurs when a participant participates in a single condition of the experiment. - Correct Answer-independent- samples (knowing one person's score does not tell you something about another person's score) When should an independent samples design be used? When should it be avoided? - Correct Answer-1. when you will get a sequence effect (participating in one condition would change how you participate in another condition) 2. (example: time attention span could be an issue) 3. factors that are not IVs (example: gender, no one can be both male and female at the same time) A(n) _______________________________________ occurs if a variable that should have been controlled is not controlled and its value co-varies with the value of the independent variable. - Correct Answer-confound (Destroy internal validity, you have an alternative explanation) Block randomly assign the following people to the three conditions: - Correct Answer- Use matching on IQ to assign the following people to the three conditions: - Correct Answer- What does block random assignment do for us in an independent samples design? - Correct Answer-helps strengthen the internal validity of an experiment and avoid biases When should a repeated measures design be used? When should it be avoided? - Correct Answer-used: ... not used: ... A(n) _______________________________________ effect occurs when participation in any condition changes participation in later conditions. It is a type of carryover effect. - Correct Answer-sequence effects A(n) _______________________________________ effect occurs when participation in a specific condition changes participation in a later condition. it is a type of carryover effect. - Correct Answer-order effects Why is counterbalancing used? - Correct Answer-To reduce order effects When should each type of counterbalancing be used? - Correct Answer-- randomization: do not use - block randomization: when each condition has to present a lot of times (20+) - reverse counterbalancing: when you need to deal with order effects - complete counterbalancing: when you need to deal with order effects - balanced latin square: when the # of conditions are odd/even; present the condition only once; # conditions > even (even); # conditions > 5 (odd) - latin square: control order effects Create a balanced Latin square for 4 conditions. How would it change if there were five conditions? - Correct Answer- A(n) _______________________________________ design must have at least two factors and all possible conditions must be present in the study. - Correct Answer- factorial A(n) _______________________________________ occurs when the value of the dependent variable is sufficiently different at the various levels of a single independent variable. - Correct Answer-regression A(n) _______________________________________ occurs when the effect of one (or more) independent variables on the dependent variable is different for various levels of another independent variable - Correct Answer-interaction A(n) _______________________________________ is the effect of an independent variable at one level of another independent variable. - Correct Answer-simple main effect A(n) _______________________________________ occurs when the nature of a 2 way (or higher) interaction are different at the various levels of another independent variable. - Correct Answer-interaction What are the three definitions of an interaction? Why are they all identical? - Correct Answer-- the simple main effect of an IV depends on the level of one or more IVs - the lines on a graph of the results are not statistically parallel - the effect of 2+ Its are not additive they are all logically equivalent A(n) _______________________________________ factorial design occurs when there is at least one independent samples factor and at least one repeated measures factor. How does its statistical power compare to the other types of factorial designs? - Correct Answer-mixed A(n) _______________________________________ is any source of information that the visual system uses when it is recreating the perception of depth. - Correct Answer- depth cue _______________________________________ states that parallel lines appear to recede to a single point. - Correct Answer-linear perspective The _______________________________________ of an object gets larger the closer the object is to the observer and for larger objects. - Correct Answer-visual angle What is the difference between research and practice in the Belmont Report? - Correct Answer-research has to do with creating generalizable knowledge versus practice which has to do with if the experiment is focused on helping the individual The basic ethical principle of _______________________________________ states that we must treat people as if they are capable of deliberating and coming to a conclusion about whether they want to participate in a study or not. - Correct Answer- respects for persons The basic ethical principle of _______________________________________ states that the benefits should be maximized and the risks minimized in a study. - Correct Answer-beneficence The basic ethical principle of _______________________________________ deals with who should bear the burdens and reap the benefits of research. - Correct Answer- justice _______________________________________ is an application of the basic ethical principle of respect for persons. - Correct Answer-autonomous agents What is informed consent? What information should it contain? When can it be dispensed with? - Correct Answer-informed consent is when the participants in the study know contents, have incomplete disclosure, have comprehension, and have voluntariness The _______________________________________ is the committee defined by 45 CFR 46 that is charged with the review of proposals for research with human participants and/or their records. - Correct Answer-institutional review board (IRB) The _______________________________________ is the committee that is charged with the review of proposals for research with animals. - Correct Answer-IACUC What are the major conclusions of Jenni (1976)? - Correct Answer-males and females differ in their methods of carrying books. Females wrap one or both arms around their books, which they clasp against the body. Males carry their books in one hand at the