PSYC 140 - Final Exam | Accurate Questions and Detailed Answers | Guaranteed Pass, Exams of Physiology

Download PSYC 140 - Final Exam | Accurate Questions and Detailed Answers | Guaranteed Pass and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! PSYC 140 - Final Exam | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH 100+ QUESTIONS The phallic stage of psychosexual development ends at age - ANSWER 6 True or false? Maternal stress is not an example of a teratogen - ANSWER False Which research design would best address the following question: What do most people in the U.S. feel about the legalization of marijuana? - ANSWER Survey What is the current age of viability? - ANSWER 22-26 weeks What are two critiques, discussed in the module, regarding Freud's psychosexual stages? - ANSWER For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud. Age 3 - 6: - ANSWER Phallic Stage According to Erikson, which comes first: Identity or Intimacy? - ANSWER Identity According to a lifespan perspective of human development, aging, maturation, and growth are all different types of change. This change can therefore be positive or negative. Therefore, development is multi ____________. - ANSWER Directional Since professionals from various fields may study or apply principles in lifespan development, this field is multi ____________. – ANSWER Disciplinary Which of the following most accurately summarizes Freud's view of the Oedipus complex? - ANSWER Boys experience competition with their fathers and eventually identify with them, while repressing sexual feelings toward their mothers. True or false? According to Freud, a child who becomes fixated on an erogenous zone will either over- or under-indulge this area as an adult. – ANSWER True Regarding the nature/nurture debate, Freud's emphasis on the role of early childhood experiences reflects an emphasis on [answer1]. Erikson's psychosocial stages clearly lean toward this side of the debate: [answer2 - ANSWER Nuture,Nuture According to the theorist, _____________, to understand human development, one must understand the various context environment in which the individual interacts. - ANSWER Bronfenbrenner Which age group did Erikson say faces the crisis Generativity vs. Stagnation? - ANSWER Middle Adulthood - ANSWER The impact was very strong, since he changed how researchers viewed and studied children's cognitive development. Which theorist or theory describing development do you agree with the most? Summarize this theory and describe why you agree with it. - ANSWER I agree with Erik Erikson's theory of development. Erikson's theory covers development across the life span and not just certain age groups. His theory state that individuals go through Specific stages of psychosocial development. Successfully completing these stages lead them to healthy development. Zeke's father is a volleyball coach and Zeke grew up wanting to play volleyball. In fifth grade, he asked his father to show him how to play and teach him basic skills. By the time that he reaches junior high, he's skilled enough to make the varsity volleyball team. What type of genotype- environment interaction best explains Zeke's sports success? - ANSWER Active Jillian's mother is a librarian and her father is a high school English teacher. When Jillian began elementary school, her teacher found her reading fourth-grade level books in the school library. The teacher then encouraged Jillian to read high quality fiction books. By high school, Jillian is one of her school's top English students. What type of genotype-environment interaction might best explain how this occurred? - ANSWER Evocative A researcher follows a group of children over a period of ten years to assess socioemotional development. Which research design is the researcher using? - ANSWER Longitudinal True or false? It is common for new mothers (and fathers) to go through significant psychological adjustments following the birth of a child. - ANSWER True Place the following prenatal events in order, from earliest to latest: - ANSWER 1: Spinal Cord begins to develop 2: Heartbeat can be heard with stethoscope. 3: Lanugo is nearly gone. True or false? Smoking during pregnancy can cause a miscarriage. - ANSWER True The __________ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception. - ANSWER Germinal This prenatal diagnostic test involves removing a sample of amniotic fluid. - ANSWER Amniocentsis For the following scenarios, identify whether the study's design is cross-sectional or longitudinal. a. Martha's children participated in a study from the time that they were in preschool until they reached middle school. A researcher is studying a group of Baby Boomers to see whether, as they age, they become increasingly religious. Teenagers in a study are interviewed regarding who are the most popular peers in their grade. - ANSWER a. longitudinal b. longitudinal c. cross-sectional According to Piaget, the first substage of the sensorimotor stage is ____________. - ANSWER Simple Reflexes Which Sensorimotor substage is characterized by experimentation with objects and may even interact with multiple objects: Primary Circular Reactions, Secondary Circular Reactions, or Tertiary Circular Reactions. - ANSWER Tertiary Circular Reactions True or false? Infants are born with the understanding that objects can exist even if they can't be seen. - ANSWER False Name one theorist or researcher mentioned in the module as making an important contribution to our understanding of infant attachment. - ANSWER Bowlby, Erikson, Ainsworth or Freud Which attachment style (Secure, Ambivalent, Avoidant, Disorganized) is thought to be the most problematic? - ANSWER Disorganized Which infant temperament is associated with the most problems with the infant adjusting to new people and situations? - ANSWER Difficult REM stands for rapid eye ____________. - ANSWER movement Little Max is two years old and has a squat trunk and a head that is disproportionately larger than other body patterns. Which infant growth pattern (cephalocaudal or proximodistal) most accurately describes these features? Correct Answer - ANSWER cephalocaudal True or false? Infants' heads are disproportionately small compared to the rest of their bodies. - ANSWER False The _____________ reflex can be observed when adult places her finger in an infant's palm, and the infant immediately closes his fingers around the adult finger. - ANSWER Grasping What is neural pruning? - ANSWER Removal of unneeded synaptic connections. Choose one of the following answers: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa OR Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa. For whom is the disorder more likely to be fatal? - ANSWER Anorexia Nervosa Meghan is a twelve-year old girl who felt that she was too fat. She put herself on a strict all- lettuce diet and started running after school every day. Once the weight started coming off, she was still dissatisfied and decided to up her exercise routine and cut out lunch. What eating disorder might she have? - ANSWER Anorexia Nervosa Mia is a junior in high school and has not yet had her first period. Her seventeenth birthday is in three months. Based on this information, answer the following questions: Is Mia earlier than average, later than average, or neither in regard to menarche? - ANSWER Later Than Average According to experts, adolescents' increase in sarcastic humor may be tied to what increased cognitive ability during adolescence? Be specific. - ANSWER Formal operations and their ability to do abstract thinking. True or false? The majority of people who attempt suicide mention their suicidality to someone else before the attempt. - ANSWER True True or false? Teenage break-ups are common causes of teenage suicides. - ANSWER True Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved. Liz, a junior in high school, has been so busy with sports and other activities that she hasn't given much thought to whether she'll be attending college or working after high school. She's really not sure what her skills and interests are beyond her day-to-day activities in high school. - ANSWER Identity Diffusion Which of Sternberg's types of love only includes intimacy? - ANSWER Liking For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic, Companionate. Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. They rarely go on romantic outings, and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together. - ANSWER Companionate ____________ adulthood is a term for the in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not fully adults. - ANSWER Emerging True or false? "Launching" an adult child in the United States is often not a one-time event for many families. - ANSWER True True or false? Men are more likely than women to experience a mid-life crisis. - ANSWER True True or false? Middle adulthood is roughly between the ages of 40-60. - ANSWER True Which of the following age ranges most accurately reflects when one's physical peak is? - ANSWER 20-35 True or false? Women who experience early menopause are at lower risk for osteoporosis. - ANSWER False True or false? Most doctors today define death as occurring when the heart and lungs have ceased to function. - ANSWER False True or false? Approximately 50% of 65-year-olds have some type of dementia or neurocognitive disorder. - ANSWER False For the following descriptions, identify the most likely type of neurocognitive disorder most likely indicated by these symptoms and situations. Sam does not have access to a hospital in his village. When he was injured, a local practitioner used unsterilized instruments to operate on him. Sam then quickly developed spasms and memory deterioration. - ANSWER Prion Disease For the following descriptions, identify the most likely type of neurocognitive disorder most likely indicated by these symptoms and situations. Zack was in a severe car accident that resulted in him losing consciousness. Upon regaining consciousness, he was confused and disoriented. Now that some time has elapsed Zack has been very irritable, has trouble paying attention, and is experiencing sleep disturbances. - ANSWER Tramatic Brain Injury True or false? Having trouble remembering the source of information that you learned is a normal part of aging. - ANSWER True True or false? It is unusual for someone who is grieving to experience anger as a result of the loss. - ANSWER False True or false? If an individual lives long enough with a terminal illness, he will eventually reach a point of acceptance of the illness. - ANSWER False Which of the following individuals is NOT in late adulthood? - ANSWER 55 Year Old Man Short Answer Essay/ Essay Questions. - ANSWER The module article on Piaget describes three basic components to Piaget's cognitive theory. For each of the components below, describe the component in your own words and discuss how learning about each component informs or changes your view of cognition or thinking. Be specific and detailed. For example, how does learning about schemas influence what you think of the way people build knowledge? Describe each of Baumrind's parenting styles. In your description, summarize the key features, indicating what responsiveness and demandingness look like in each parenting style. Just listing "low" and "high" levels of each feature for each parenting style is not a sufficient description. Be sure to also define "responsiveness" and "demandingness" in your answer. Then, give a detailed illustration of parents displaying each style. Be sure that your illustration showcases specific parents (you can even give pseudonyms if you'd like!) behaving according to each type of parenting style in everyday life. These illustrations should be distinct (separate) from your descriptions of the parenting styles. - ANSWER Authoritarian parents have low responsiveness and high in demandingness. For example, this type of parent is very strict. They set rules and expect their children to abide by them, no questions asked. Boundaries are set between parent and child. This type of parenting leads to strained relationships between parents and children. Authoritative parents are high in responsiveness and high in demandingness. In this type of parenting, parents still expect their children to follow their rules but are more proactive with their children. There tends to be more leniency in this style of parenting. Children are able to communicate more with their parents. For example, if a child breaks their curfew and it's a valid reason as to why they did, they are able to communicate that with their parents without being punished. Permissive parents are low in responsiveness and low in demandingness. This style of parenting, children tend to be more free and have fewer rules. This type of parenting leads a child to have more confidence but also affects their decision-making as adults. To me, this type of parenting seems like the parents are trying to be their child's friend more than being their parental figure. Neglectful parenting is low in responsiveness and low in demandingness. These types of parents could care less about their child's well-being in general. Which of the ADHD subtypes is the most likely to be overlooked? - ANSWER Inattention is most likely to be overlooked. By what methods did Lawrence Kohlberg study moral development? Be specific in your answer. - ANSWER Kohlberg studied moral development by interviewing children and adolescents by giving them moral dilemmas. Describe the cultural critique of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What is the issue? Be specific. - ANSWER Piaget assumed that abilities naturally unfolded, but research supports that it is more nurture explanations. Adults also play a big role in the cognitive development of children. Describe the following social category of children: Rejected children. Be specific. Also, what is one possible consequence of being a socially rejected child? - ANSWER Rejected children are disliked by their peers. Rejected children are chosen by their peers as the least favorable student, rarely named to be anyone's friend. Socially rejected children are said to be involved in delinquent behaviors when they are older. Some rejected children are often bullies as well. What can parents do to increase the likelihood that children will cope optimally with a divorce? Provide two suggestions, based on the module. - ANSWER Explain to their children the reason they are divorcing. Ensure them they are not the reason behind the divorce. Explain to them that their livelihood may change a bit. Also, continue good parenting practices, and provide warm parent-child interactions. Thoroughly answer the essay questions. Answers should be in clear, complete sentences. Describe Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Describe the Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional levels, being sure to focus on the key features of each stage. Then, choose one of these levels and provide a detailed example of a specific child reasoning at that level. Be sure to focus on the why behind the child's reasoning, just like Kohlberg did. Finally, Kohlberg's theory has been critiqued for a number of reasons. Describe one of these reasons. Then, indicate whether you think that this critique is valid, and explain why or why not. - ANSWER Preconventional Reasoning entails obeying parental and authority figures. Children in this stage of reasoning believe wrong behavior will get you in trouble while believing good behavior will be rewarded. Conventional Reasoning entails obeying one's conscience, kindness and consideration is what's right in this level of reasoning. Children and teens believe fairness is what matters. Postconventional reasoning entails internal reasoning, this level of reasoning may lead to breaking the rules sometimes. One of the reasons why Kohlberg's theory has been critiqued is for being cuturally biased. Children at the preconventional level believe in pushiment and reward because children who often misbehave know the conseqeunces of bad behavior will get them in trouble. They also expect to be rewared for good behavior. Garbarino identifies four factors that lead to child violence. What are two of them? - ANSWER Depression: Acting out may be a sign of depression especially in adolescent boys. Abandonment by parent: lack of secure attachment with parent. Recently, a teen begins acting like she's never hungry. When she gets home from school, she heads up to her room, closes the door, and lies on her bed for hours. She doesn't return her friends' calls. When her parents try to get her to do the things she used to enjoy doing, she says she's too tired. Is she at risk for a suicide attempt? Why or why not? - ANSWER Yes this a risk of suicide attempt, the teen is showing signs of depression, she has lost interest in socializing with her friends, she's isolating herself, she has no appetite, she's fatigue and lost interest in her hobbies. These are all risks of a suicide attempt. Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Purging is not an effective way to lose weight. Neither or laxatives. Briefly explain why. - ANSWER Purging consits of vomiting and using laxatives. Vomiting only reduces 50% of calories consumed and laxatives only reduces 10% of water weight. What is the "imaginary audience" during adolescence? - ANSWER The imaginary audience during adolescence is the belief that everyone is paying attention to them and watching them. Thoroughly answer the essay question. Answers should be written in complete sentences. Choose either Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa. Give an overview description. Then describe in detail the signs and long-term consequences. Next, describe in detail possible causes of this disorder. Finally, describe in detail the interventions available for this disorder, being sure to include the special concerns with treatment for this disorder. To conclude, indicate your views about the most difficult aspect of overcoming this disorder and what intervention is most likely to be successful. Be sure to be organized in your essay. It may help to label each section (e.g. Description, Consequences, etc.) to make sure that you cover each question. - ANSWER I chose to give an overview of Anorexia Nervosa. AN is categorized as the deadliest mental disorder. It happens in early adolescence and affects individuals that are upper-class and middle-class. AN sufferers typically go on extreme diets and extreme workouts. This is subtype 1 of AN. Subtype 2 AN partake in purging activities. AN causes damage to all major organs, causes problems with menstrual cycle, brain, and bones, and lingering heart problems. More problems that AN causes are brittle nails and hair, thyroid changes, organ loss, calcium depletion, and decreased brain volume. Intervention includes an Outpatient or hospitalization depending on the severity, a feeding tube may be needed, and family and group therapy. Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. How does Labouvie-Vief describe postformal thought? - ANSWER Labouvie-Vief describes postformal thought as moving to dualistic thinking right or wrong type of thinking. Situations are only seen in black and white and don't see grey areas. Then to Multiple Thinking, is growing to have an understanding that several opinions can exist concerning situations but still hard to