Psych 140 Module 1 Developmental (Lifespan) (Portage Learning Online) with Correct Answers, Exams of Physiology

Download Psych 140 Module 1 Developmental (Lifespan) (Portage Learning Online) with Correct Answers and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! Psych 140 Module 1 Developmental (Lifespan) (Portage Learning Online) with Correct Answers How many stages of lifespan development are there? 8 Name the 8 stages of lifespan development. 1. Prenatal Development 2. Infancy & Toddlerhood 3. Early Childhood 4. Middle Childhood 5. Adolescence 6. Early Adulthood 7. Middle Adulthood 8. Late Adulthood Development is loosely defined as __________. Change Name 4 distinctive features of human development. (4 "kinds" or "ways" of development.) 1. Lifelong 2. Multidirectional 3. Multidisciplinary 4. Multidimensional. Development is __________, meaning that it continuous from birth to death. Lifelong Development is ____________, meaning that changes can be good, bad, or both simultaneously; for example, one could age physically while maturing cognitively. Multidirectional. ___________ is an aspect of multidirectional development; it can describe physical aging or in cognitive growth. Maturation Development is ____________, which means that it is relevant across many professional fields/fields of study. Multidisciplinary Name 3 professional fields where human development is relevant. (Think multidisciplinary) 1. Social Sciences 2. Healthcare 3. Education Development is ______________, meaning that changes occur in many dimensions: Biological, social, emotional, cognitive, moral. Multidimensional Name 3 of the 5 dimensions of human development. (Think multidimensional.) 1. Biological 2. Social 3. Emotional 4. Cognitive 5. Moral Name two controversies in human development. 1. Nurture vs. Nature 2. Continuity vs. Discontinuity The _________ vs. __________ controversy describes biology vs. social environment to describe why human beings are the way they are. Nature vs. Nurture The ___________ vs. _____________ controversy describes how stages of development occur in human beings; one theory suggests a distinct end for each stage, the other suggests a gradual flow from stage to stage. Continuous vs. Discontinuous Historically, the __________ model of stage development prevailed. Discontinuous A controversy within development, _______________ means that stages of development gradually flow into each other. Continuity __________ ___________ described 5 psychosexual stages of development Sigmund Freud According to Freud, the personality develops over time in three parts: the ______, the ________, and the _______________. Freud's Phallic stage of development lasts from age 3 until age _______. 5 Freud's Latency stage is focused on developing ___________ and __________ in school friendships, interests Freud's Latency stage of development lasts from age 5 until __________________. puberty Freud's ______________ stage of development focuses on mutual sexual gratification and developing healthy relationships and productive work. genital Freud's Genital stage differs from the Phallic stage because the focus is on ___________________________, not just male sexual anatomy. Mutual genital pleasure Freud's Genital stage of development lasts from puberty into ____________________. Adulthood Erik Erikson is known for the _______________________ Stages of Development. Psychosocial Erikson's Stages of Development each involve a psychosocial ____________ that must be overcome in order to progress. crisis In Erikson's Stages of Development, successful completion of each stage results in a _____________ ____________ and the acquisition of basic virtues. healthy personality According to Erikson, characteristic strengths which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises are known as _______________________. basic virtues Erikson describes how many developmental stages? 8 Name the 1st stage (or psychosocial crisis) according to Erikson. What age range does this occur in? Trust vs. Mistrust. 0 - 1.5 . What basic virtue does an individual gain with successful completion of Erikson's third stage (Initiative vs. Guilt)? Purpose Name the 5th stage (or psychosocial crisis) according to Erikson. What age range does this stage occur in? Identity vs. Role Confusion. 12 - 18. The basic virtue of "Love" shows successful completion of what stage, according to Erikson? Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation What age should one successfully complete stage 2, Autonomy vs. Shame, according to Erikson? 1.5 - 3 Successful completion of stage 8, Ego Integrity vs. Despair, will produce what basic virtue, according to Erikson? Wisdom Stagnation vs. Generatively should occur in what age range, according to Erikson? 40 - 65 What is the basic virtue associated with successful completion of stage 1, Trust vs. Mistrust, according to Erikson? Hope "Competency" is the basic virtue obtained upon completion of which stage, according to Erikson? Stage 4, Industry vs. Inferiority Name Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages. 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 1, Trust vs. Mistrust, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Fear If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 5, Identity vs. Role Confusion, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Negative identity; unhappiness If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Loneliness If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 3, Initiative vs. Guilt, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Guilt, Self doubt If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 7, Generativity vs. Stagnation, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Disconnection A healthy, well adjusted person who is 35 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation A healthy, well adjusted person who is 8 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 4, Industry vs. Inferiority A healthy, well adjusted person who is 17 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 5, Identity vs. Role Confusion A healthy, well adjusted person who is 4 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Strage 3, Initiative vs. Guilt _________________________ studies human and animal behavior, and focuses on what is observable and measurable. Behaviorism _______________ ___________________ is credited with discovering classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov ______________________ conditioning describes a type of conditioning is that is achieved through repeated, external stimuli. Classical In Piaget's Cognitive Development theory, knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden is known as ______________________ _________________________. Object Permanence Toward the end of _________ stage, according to Piaget, a child will have mastered general symbolic function (the capacity to represent the world mentally). Sensorimotor During the __________________ stage, according to Piaget, young children can think about things symbolically. Preoperational ______________________ is the tendency for children to think that non-living objects (such as toys) have life and feelings like a person's. Animism According to Piaget, children who are egocentric in their thoughts are in the _________________________ stage of cognitive development. Preoperational According to Piaget, children in this stage understand that other people see the world differently than they do. Yet, they have trouble with abstract thinking. Concerete operational stage According to Piaget, children in this stage can mentally reverse things (such as picturing a a changed object returning to its original shape). Concrete operational stage In Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory, a 4 year old should be in what stage of development? Preoperational stage In Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory, a 14 year old child should be in what stage of development? Formal operational stage According to Piaget, children in this stage are able to think in an abstract manner. Formal operational stage According to Piaget, this stage of development does not require operations to be carried out upon concrete things (like slicing up a cake to understand division), but solely with ideas. Formal operational stage The basic building blocks of intelligent behavior, or units of knowledge, are also known as ___________________. Schemas As we age, our schemas become more complex. True or False? True The regulatory process that maintains a balance between assimilation and accommodation to facilitate cognitive growth is known as ____________________. (Piaget) Equilibration When our existing schema can explain what we perceive around us, we are in a state of _______________________. (Piaget) Equilibration When a child becomes aware that they hold two contradictory views, one of which cannot be true, they enter a state of _______________________. (Piaget) Disequilibrium The cognitive process of fitting new information into existing schemas is known as __________________. (Piaget) Assimilation The cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that new information can be incorporated is known as ________________. (Piaget). This happens when the existing schema does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation. Accommodation Piaget's work in cognitive development had a significant impact on the _____________________ system. education __________________________________ compares the human brain to a computer in terms of how it processes information, learning and memory. Information processing theory Konrad Lorenz is known for ______________ Theory. Ethological Konrad Lorenz used geese to show _____________, an attachment behavior he noted in newly hatched goslings. Imprinting "Imprinting" describes how newly born geese (and others) will immediately follow the first living being they are exposed to. True or False? True Lorenz's work with geese led to the notion of a ________________ period in the development of the brain and subsequent behavior. critical Lev Vygotsky is will known for ______________ theory. Sociocultural According to Vygotsky, children are influenced by the people around them, particularly the people in _________. authority Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory focuses on an environment of ______________________________, rather than the natural environment. Development According to Bronfenbrenner, human beings are significantly shaped by the environmental systems in which they exist. These systems range from very small (_________________) to the very large (____________________________________________). one's neighborhood; the period of history in which one exists.