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 Both John and Fred meet the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder. John's frien ds are aware of his paranoia although he continues to live a meaningful life. Fred's paranoia is so extreme that he finds it hard to function in society. The DSM-5 diagnosis for these individuals wo uld be *a. exactly the same. b. categorically different. c. in the same category but reflect the different levels of pathology. d. in the same category with different specifiers.  Which of the following would NOT be an advantage of a dimensional model of personality disorders? a. Increased information b. Flexibility c. Avoiding arbitrary decisions about diagnosis *d. It would clearly categorize people  The five-factor model of personality includes all of the following as personality dimensions EXCEPT. a. extroversion b. conscientiousness *c. expressiveness d. emotional stability

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 The cluster approach to categorizing personality disorders is based on . *a. resemblance b. recognition c. redundancy d. repetition  In the U.S., the prevalence of a diagnosable personality disorder is estimated to be around adults. *a. 1 out of every 10 b. 1 out of every 100 c. 50 out of every 1000 d. 75 out of every 1000  According to your textbook, the main reason that we do not have sufficient research examin ing the development of personality disorders is that

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*a. many individuals do not seek treatment in the early phases of these disorders. b. there is insufficient research funding for these disorders due to relative lack of public awareness. c. sophisticated research methods are necessary to study disorders that are so ingrained in personality. d. all of these are correct.  As it relates to the five-factor model, which of the following words are examples of neurotic ism: a. Assertive b. Silent c. Organized *d. Moody

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 According to your text, it is likely that future users of the DSM will a. eliminate personality disorders altogether. b. emphasize categorical views of personality disorders. *c. incorporate elements of a dimensional approach to personality disorders. d. reduce the number of personality disorders listed.  Nicole has difficulty maintaining relationships because she goes back and forth from being a best friend to hating people in her life quite often. Her romantic relationships are always charact erized by incredible loving passion alternating with episodes of horrible fighting, and sometimes she becomes violent. At times Nicole becomes so upset that she cuts herself and reports that this makes her feel better emotionally. Nicole suffers from personality disorder. a. dependent b. histrionic *c. borderline d. narcissistic  All of the following are common disorders that tend to be comorbid with borderline persona lity disorder EXCEPT.

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a. depression b. substance abuse c. bulimia nervosa *d. obsessive-compulsive disorder  Which of the following statements is TRUE about borderline personality disorder? a. It is observed in every culture and seen in about 5% of the population. b. Long-term outcomes are discouraging, with many relapsing within 5 years. *c. Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group. d. A high number, approximately 8 to 10%, succeed at suicide.  One of the influences associated with the development of borderline personality disorder is *a. history of child abuse or neglect. b. developmental delay for major milestones (i.e., walking, talking).

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c. parental alcoholism. d. deficits in neurotransmitter circuits involving dopamine.  When presented with words projected on a computer screen, individuals with borderline per sonality disorder are more likely than individuals without the disorder to remember the word. a. celebrate *b. abandon c. full d. charming  Childhood trauma as a cause of borderline personality disorder may be too simplistic an exp lanation because a. there are too many neurological deficits that are noted in borderline personality disor der patients. b. individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to respond to SSRI medications. c. most individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are female. *d. a significant percentage of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disord er do not have a history of childhood trauma.

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 Which of the following is the most likely model to explain the cause of borderline personalit y disorder? a. Biological b. Early trauma resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms that are not recogni zed or dealt with during childhood c. Stressful life events *d. Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and l ater life stressors  The psychological treatment that has been found to have significant effectiveness in helping patients with borderline personality disorder centers around a. regressing patients to the time in their lives when they experienced trauma. b. removing the reinforcing attention that patients have received for their disordered beh avior in the past. c. joining a 12-step program such as Alcoholics Anonymous. *d. learning to cope with life stressors in a more effective manner.  Individuals who overreact to everything and are overly dramatic and vain are most likely to be diagnosed with personality disorder.

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a. borderline *b. histrionic c. narcissistic d. dependent  One of the likely problems a therapist may encounter while trying to help a patient with hist rionic personality disorder is the patient's a. unwillingness to admit there is a problem. b. use of threatening language. c. lack of intellectual ability necessary to succeed in therapy. *d. manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.  Therapy for histrionic personality disorder tends to focus on a. using medications to decrease anxiety.

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b. exploring unconscious processes. c. relaxation techniques. *d. processing interpersonal relationships.  Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a. preoccupation with other people. b. obsession with keeping things neat and orderly.. *c. thinking of oneself as deserving of special treatment. d. pathological dishonesty.  Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders (i.e., borderlin e for women, antisocial for men) may be due to a. tolerance of behavior in a culture. b. differences in help-seeking behavior. c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician. *d. all of the above.

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 Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a thre atening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called. a. histrionic b. avoidant *c. paranoid d. antisocial  A person with paranoid personality disorder may a. mistrust other people. b. get into arguments with people. c. be quiet and withdrawn. *d. do all of the above.  An individual presents for treatment and keeps talking about how gangsters are "out to get h im." Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether *a. his fears are justified. b. his family life is stable. c. he has ever been in trouble with the law. d. he avoids socialization.

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 A therapist who views personality disorders as a continuum sees these conditions in terms of . *a. dimensions b. categories c. attitudes d. groups  The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with a. rapid onset in late adolescence. b. gradual onset in adulthood. c. rapid onset in adulthood. *d. a chronic pattern with onset in childhood.  Which set of adjective pairs correctly describes the clusters into which DSM-5 personality dis orders are grouped? a. Odd/eccentric, dangerous/inconsistent, and shy/withdrawn b. Shy/withdrawn, anxious/fearful, and dangerous/inconsistent c. Shy/withdrawn, dramatic/emotional, and bizarre/thought

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disordered *d. Odd/eccentric, dramatic/emotional, and anxious/fearful  The language barrier of refugees from other countries and people with hearing impairments may make these individuals particularly susceptible to personality disorder. a. histrionic *b. paranoid c. schizotypal d. schizoid  You are waiting to board a plane when you hear that the flight has been delayed due to a pas sing thunderstorm. The man sitting next to you says, "Passing thunder storm, sure! That's Jim ag ain; he's been doing everything to make me miss this meeting because he's trying to get me fire d!" Of the following, this statement would be most consistent with personality disorder. a. avoidant b. histrionic c. borderline *d. paranoid

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 One of the greatest challenges for any therapist treating an individual with paranoid persona lity disorder is a. understanding the patient's belief system. *b. getting the patient to trust the therapist. c. convincing the patient to talk about his beliefs. d. getting the patient to speak clearly.  The data regarding treatment outcome for individuals with paranoid personality disorder *a. indicate no evidence for treatment success. b. suggest that treatment can only be successful if the patient remains in therapy for a m inimum of one year. c. indicate that cognitive therapy is effective in most cases. d. demonstrate that strict behavioral approaches are effective.  Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indi fferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He d oes not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be.

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a. avoidant b. antisocial *c. schizoid d. schizotypal  An individual who goes through life as a loner with no motivation to interact with others but with relatively normal behavior and beliefs is likely to be diagnosed with personality diso rder: a. histrionic b. narcissistic *c. schizoid d. paranoid  One prevalent outcome for individuals with schizoid personality disorder is. *a. homelessness b. drug abuse

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c. eating disorders d. anxiety  A possible contribution to schizoid personality disorder is. a. childhood shyness b. childhood abuse and neglect c. being a parent of an autistic child *d. all of the above  Patients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder are usually a. motivated to begin therapy and generally make progress quickly. b. motivated to begin therapy but generally make little progress. *c. not motivated to begin therapy and effectiveness is not yet determined. d. not motivated to begin therapy but generally make progress quickly while in therapy.  Individuals who are socially isolated behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspiciou s, and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with personality disorder.

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*a. schizotypal b. schizoid c. paranoid d. multiple

40. According to the textbook, a possible cause of schizotypal personality disorder is. a. genetic b. environmental c. brain abnormalities *d. all of the above 42. Hideki has been diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder and has begun psychothera py. Since he is willing to undergo a combined treatment approach, the result a. is excellent since most patients seeking treatment eventually are symptom free. *b. may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia. c. is excellent only if he is willing to take medication. d. is poor since most patients go on to develop schizophrenia.

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43. Research suggests that the combination of antipsychotic medications, cognitive behavior the rapy, and social skills training in schizotypal personality disorders *a. reduces symptoms or delays later development of schizophrenia. b. increases chances of later development of schizophrenia. c. is unrelated to schizophrenia risk. d. alters symptoms of schizophrenia. 44. Cluster B personality disorders tend to be characterized by behavior. *a. dramatic b. eccentric c. anxious d. understated 45. Recent research (2015) suggests that which of the following is a protective factor from child hood conduct disorder developing into adult antisocial behavior?. a. Art therapy b. Medical interventions *c. Participation in sports

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d. None of these are protective factors

46. Approximately what percentage of people with borderline Personality Disorder are anorexic? a. 5% b. 10% *c. 20% d. 50% 47. Of the following, personality disorder is not found in “Cluster B.” a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic *d. schizoid 48. Substance abuse is particularly common in people with personality diso rder, occurring in 60% of people with this diagnosis.

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*a. antisocial b. paranoid c. schizotypal d. schizoid

49. Steve steals money from his friends and family, lies to get what he wants, and often hurts ot hers with no sign of guilt or remorse. Steve should probably be diagnosed with personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic *c. antisocial d. narcissistic 50. Which of the following researchers has focused his/her work on identifying the various trait s of a psychopathic personality? a. Werth b. Ebbinghaus *c. Cleckley d. Mazza 51. With which of the following personality disorders is the term

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psychopath closely associated? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizotypal *d. Antisocial

52. One difference between a psychopath and a person with antisocial personality disorder is th at are used in diagnosing the psychopath, but are used to diagnose antisocial personality disorder. *a. personality traits; observable behaviors b. observable behaviors; personality traits c. clinical judgments; objective test scores d. medical criteria; psychological assessments

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53. Which of the following is NOT true about those with antisocial personality disorder? a. Having a lower IQ is predictive of having run-ins with the law. b. Some function quite well in fields such as entertainment and politics. c. They tend to come from families with a history of criminal problems. *d. They cannot avoid brushes with the law or learn to function well in society. 55. Rob is a 15-year-old boy who has been repeatedly arrested for theft and assault. In addition t o shoplifting, he has been caught stealing money from his parents' wallets and his younger sister's piggy bank. Rob shows no guilt or remorse for the many ways that he hurts others. Rob's current diagnosis is most likely disorder. a. antisocial personality b. attention deficit hyperactivity *c. conduct d. narcissistic personality 56. The research examining the cause of antisocial personality disorder suggests that

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a. the primary cause is genetics. *b. genetics and the environment interact to cause the disorder. c. the primary cause is poor parenting. d. there is no evidence of either a genetic or environmental cause.

57. Researchers conducting endophenotypic research on antisocial personality disorders are sear ching for a. the gene that causes antisocial personality disorder. *b. the genes that influence factors characteristic of the disorder such as fearlessness, ag gression, and impulsivity. c. brain damage that causes the disorder. d. antisocial causes of the disorder. 58. Which of the following statements is false? a. Recent research is refining the search for genes that cause antisocial personality disor der. *b. Recent research on brain damage indicates that brain damage is found in psychopat hs. c. Recent research on neuropsychological tests indicates that psychopaths score equally as well as non- psychopaths. d. Sine research suggests that those with psychopathy are generally underaroused, and t hus engage in actions to compensate for this lack of stimulus input.

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59. Which of the following are the two major theories that have been proposed to explain antiso cial personality disorder? *a. Underarousal and fearlessness b. Underarousal and shamelessness c. Yerkes-Dodson and underarousal d. Yerkes-Dodson and shamelessness  According to the definition of personality disorder, only individuals who show patterns of maladaptive behavior or emotional distress as a result of their actions should be d iagnosed with a personality disorder. a. suicidal b. the most severe *c. enduring d. highly variable  All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of a personality disorder EXC EPT

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*a. patient feelings of distress. b. distress to the person demonstrating the behaviors or others around them. c. maladaptive functioning. d. chronic course of behavior.  When someone has a personality disorder,

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*a. the person may feel that they do not have a problem. b. the person is always distressed by his/her disorder. c. the disorder may come and go. d. the disorder tends to start very suddenly.  Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personality disorders can be viewed as disorders o f a. biology rather than learning. b. learning rather than disease. *c. degree rather than kind. d. functioning rather than disease.  Clinicians who view personality disorders as extremes of normal personality rather than as have historically criticized the way DSM-IV-TR classified personality disorders. a. medical conditions

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