Psychology 1 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Correct, Verified Answers. Graded A+, Exams of Psychology

Download Psychology 1 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Correct, Verified Answers. Graded A+ and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Psychology 1 Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Correct, Verified Answers. Graded A+ Abnormal behavior - ANSpsychologically unhealthy choices. Affective reactions - ANSare functional psychoses marked by extreme variations in mood. Aggressive antisocial personality - ANSis characterized by outbursts of violent behavior that have no apparent cause. Alpha - ANSdeep relaxation, blank mind, meditation Amnesia - ANSis a state in which people literally "forgot" all or part of their identity and past life. Amplitude - ANSheight of the recorded brain wave Antisocial personality disorder - ANSis characterized by aggressive, exploitive behavior. Anxiety disorders/ reactions - ANSoccur when people experience an abnormal state of anxiety. APA - ANSAmerican Psychological Association Applied psychology - ANSthe different ways in which psychology can be used. APS - ANSAmerican Psychological Association Automatic Nervous System - ANSprepares the body for emergency action B. F. Skinner - ANSmade skinner boxes to coincide with operant behavior in rats and doves. Behaviorism - ANSthe science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only Beta - ANSnormal waking thought Bond - ANSA connection between the stimulus and response. Case study - ANSa descriptive research method that involves the intensive examination of an unusual person or organization Central tendency - ANSthe typical response Chronobiology - ANSthe study of forces that control the body at different times of the day, month, and year. Circadian rhythm - ANSsequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours Clinical psychology - ANSconcerned with evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders, and prescribe treatment. Cognition - ANShigh-level mental activities. Cognitive psychology - ANSa psychology that focuses on "higher" mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, informed processing, language, problem solving, decision making, and creativity. Compulsions - ANSare when a person translates that thoughts or impulses of obsessions into repeated, involuntary action. Confound - ANSis anything that affects a dependent variable Eidetic recall - ANSis an ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory after only a few instants of exposure EMG - ANSmuscle tension Endocrine and metabolic disorders - ANSchanges in the internal chemistry of the brain can affect the personality. Entrainment - ANSthe process of altering the free-running cycle to fit a different rhythm EOG - ANSeye movements Experimental group - ANSthe participants in the experiment who receive the treatment Experimental psychology - ANSa psychology which studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and/or emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions Experimental research - ANSa research method that tests hypotheses by manipulating and measuring variables Experimenter bias - ANSthe change in the behavior of the people or animals being observed due to the expectations of the observer. External validity - ANSthe degree in which the findings of a study can be generalized to other people, settings, or situations Flexibility - ANSis the willingness to adapt new ideas. Free-running cycles - ANScycles set up by biological clocks that are under their own control Frequency - ANScycles per second Functional fixedness - ANSis the inability to imagine new uses for familiar objects. Functional psychosis - ANSare psychoses that originate primarily in painful emotional experiences. Functionalism - ANSearly perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play Gestalt - ANSwhen the brain makes meaningful patterns out of many bits of sensations Grouper - ANSsomeone who takes a broad view of a subject, searching out general principles and drawing parallels. Habits - ANSbehavior patterns. Hallucinations - ANSare false perceptions not based on reality. Histrionic personality disorder - ANSis characterized by dramatizing events, overly emotional reactions, repressive information about the world, dependence on others. Humanism - ANSa psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future achieving personal growth Hyperactivity - ANSrestlessness, constant movement, short attention span, and aggressive outbursts of temper. IACUC - ANSlook after animals Inadequate antisocial personality - ANSare individuals who cannot cope with the demands of normal life- style. Incubus attack - ANSa night terror Independent variable - ANSthe variable that gets manipulated Inductive reasoning - ANSuses specific cases as the basis for establishing a principle or generalization. Industrial and organizational psychology - ANSpreform a wide variety of tasks in the world of business and industry. These include running HR (take it up with HR) departments, working to improve staff morale and attitudes, striving to increase job satisfaction and productivity, examining organizational structures and procedures and making recommendations for improvements. Insight - ANSthe sudden perception of key relationships that leads directly to a solution. Internal validity - ANSis the degree to which the effects observed in an experiment are due to the independent variables and not to confounds. Introspection - ANSthe process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities IRB - ANSlook after people James McConnell - ANShe is most known for his research on learning and memory transfer. Karl Lashley - ANSknown for his contribution towards the study of memory. Latent content - ANSthe underlying, symbolic meaning of a dream Lateral thinking - ANSis a nondirective type of thinking that is useful for solving problems that don't lend themselves to straight-line, vertical thinking. Learning - ANSlasting change in behavior brought by studying, training, or experience. Paresis - ANSis the breakdown of voluntary movement. Participant observation - ANSthe researcher is involved in the situation Passive-aggressive personality disorder - ANSis characterized by inability to show aggression in a normal way, deep seated hostility. Perception - ANSprocess of making sense out of a stimulus and your experience of it. Perceptual inference - ANSthe brain tends to build its gestalts on the basis of past experiences; expectations also affect your perception Persistence - ANSis to go on resolutely in spite of opposition. Personality psychology - ANSa psychology that interests in describing and understanding individual's consistency in behavior, which represents their personality. Phobias - ANSare when fears become irrational, intense, and uncontrollable. Physiological psychology - ANSa psychology that examines the influence of genetic factors on behavior and the role of the brain, nervous system, and bodily chemicals in regulation of behavior. Population - ANSeveryone in a group that an experimenter is interested in. Positive correlation - ANStwo variables both increase and decrease together Psychoanalysis - ANSthe theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud Psychology - ANSthe study of human behavior Psychometrics - ANSthe measurement of behavior and capacities, usually through the development of psychological tests. Psychosis - ANSis a severe mental disorder in which thinking and emotional are impaired that the individual is seriously out of contact with reality. Punishment - ANSa type of inflicted pain that is used to extinguish bad behaviors. Random sampling - ANSgives each member of the population an equal chance of being chosen to participate Range - ANSthe distance between the largest and smallest value Reactivity - ANSis the phenomenon that occurs when a person knows their being watched and change their behavior. Reinforcement - ANSA reward or punishment that reinforces a particular response. REM rebound - ANSincrease in the number of dreams after being sleep deprived REM sleep - ANSthe period of sleep in which dreams occur Replication - ANSrepeating a study and getting the same or similar results Respondent behavior - ANSa behavior that results when a stimulus causes an involuntary response. Response - ANSA resulting behavior Reward/ Positive reinforcement - ANSA positive reward/ response that is used to try to make a good behavior continue to be used. Rigidity - ANSleads people to cling to a behavior because it once worked, even though circumstances have changed. Risk/ benefit ratio - ANSis an analysis of whether the research is important enough to warrant placing participants at risk. Sample - ANSis a subset of the population Schizophrenia - ANSis when people interpret reality in an abnormal way. Selection bias - ANSis the unintended bias differences between the participants in different groups. Self-concept - ANSan individuals sense of self. Self-reports - ANSa method of data collection in which people are asked to provide information about themselves, such as in surveys or questionnaires. Senility - ANSthe psychosis of old age. Sensory experience - ANSsensations caused by stimulus Signals - ANSare clues that indicate how one should act or respond. Social psychology - ANSa psychology that focuses on inter-personal behavior and the role of social forces. Standard deviation - ANShow spread out the score is