Psychology 2nd Semester Unit 1: Goals, Methods, and Careers, Exams of Nursing

Download Psychology 2nd Semester Unit 1: Goals, Methods, and Careers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 applied science - correct answers✅scientific study working to solve practical, immediate problems interpersonal - correct answers✅concerning the relationships between people psychology - correct answers✅the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes self-direction - correct answers✅assuming responsibility for one's own life and decisions _______ is a broad field that includes the study of everything that people feel, think, and do. - correct answers✅Psychology Why is "it depends" an important principle of psychology? - correct answers✅There are a number of subtle influences that psychologists might overlook when determining the cause of behavior. Goals of Psychology - correct answers✅- Description (gathering information about behavior) - Explanation (explain the motivation behind the behavior; form a hypothesis and test it) - Prediction (predict behavior) - Influence (find ways to influence behavior) Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 Choose THREE reasons why psychology is practical, according to the Lesson. - correct answers✅- It can help you gain insight into the behavior of others and strengthen interpersonal relationships. - It can help you gain insight into society at large. - It can help you gain insight into your own behavior. Explanation - correct answers✅Psychologists form a hypothesis and test it to see if a general explanation can account for the behavior. Prediction - correct answers✅It is not enough for psychologists to simply explain behavior; they must also anticipate it. Description - correct answers✅Psychologists gather information about a behavior. Influence - correct answers✅Psychologists propose ways to guide behavior. dualism - correct answers✅the view that two substances are mutually exclusive functionalism - correct answers✅the study of how people produce useful behaviors humor - correct answers✅one of the four fluids believed by ancient scholars to compose the human body Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 A sanguine personality would tend to be _____. - correct answers✅unemotional and changeable A person with a dominant phlegmatic personality would tend to be _______. - correct answers✅persistent and reasonable conditioning - correct answers✅a process at the end of which a specific behavior is elicited by a specific stimulus psychoanalyst - correct answers✅a psychologist who studies conflicts and motives in the subconscious mind psychodynamic theory - correct answers✅hypothesis that personality is the result of interplay between conflicting conscious and unconscious forces reinforcement - correct answers✅a reward or punishment intended to alter a response to a stimulus Psychologists following this approach study thinking and mental processes to learn how humans gather, store, retrieve, process, and apply information. - correct answers✅cognitive This approach investigates behavior in light of physical activity and responses by studying the nervous system, brain, and genetics. - correct answers✅biological Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 Psychologists examine the influence of culture, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic factors on human development and behavior. - correct answers✅sociocultural This approach suggests that almost all conscious behavior is rooted in subconscious desires, most of which are related to sexual or aggressive impulses. - correct answers✅psychoanalytic This approach suggests that psychology should only deal with observable facts. - correct answers✅behavioral Supporters of this approach believe that each person is unique and has the capacity to achieve his or her desired self-concept in spite of other influences. - correct answers✅humanistic He wrote a novel, Walden Two, that outlined how reinforcement might be a key to building a utopian society. - correct answers✅B. F. Skinner This French psychologist developed a widely studied theory explaining the cognitive development of children. - correct answers✅Jean Piaget This Austrian psychoanalyst's method of building intensive case studies is still a preferred way to investigate behavior. - correct answers✅Sigmund Freud Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 He advanced the view that all behavior, even instinctive, was the product of conditioning from previous experiences. - correct answers✅John Watson This Russian physiologist used dogs to conduct insightful research into conditioning. - correct answers✅Ivan Pavlov correlation - correct answers✅a measure of the relationship between two sets of data or variables operational definition - correct answers✅a definition created by assigning a numerical value to an operation population sample - correct answers✅a subset of a group that is representative of a larger group principle - correct answers✅a generally valid idea describing behavior theory - correct answers✅a set of assumptions that attempts to explain or predict something variable - correct answers✅any factor in a study that can change (Theory or a Principle?) Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 exploitation - correct answers✅taking advantage of another for one's own profit nonmaleficence - correct answers✅an act that purposely avoids harm or evil placebo effect - correct answers✅a perceived change in health due solely to a patient's knowledge of a treatment double-blind - correct answers✅an experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is in the control and experimental groups single-blind - correct answers✅an experiment in which the participants do not know if they are receiving treatment or not Why would researchers not be allowed to recreate the Little Albert experiment today? - correct answers✅It was unethical because of the harm it did to the human subject Select THREE facts about the use of nonhuman subjects in experiments. - correct answers✅Researchers must judge the risk by asking "Will this animal's suffering benefit humanity?"; Advocates of animal rights argue that there are alternatives to subjecting animals to painful procedures; Researchers rely on animal subjects when ethical or control issues such as who mates with whom are of concern Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 Why is deception acceptable in some psychological investigations? - correct answers✅People may bias results by behaving differently if given a conscious or unconscious cue A researcher who consciously or unconsciously seeks a certain result and unknowingly communicates it to his subjects creates a(n) ______. - correct answers✅self-fulfilling prophecy The use of single- and double-blind tests helps limit the possibility of a(n) _____. - correct answers✅placebo effect The results of the Milgram experiment supported the view that people behave differently when influenced by _____. - correct answers✅an authority figure Fidelity and Responsibility - correct answers✅"They [psychologists] are aware of their professional and scientific responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work." respect for other people's rights - correct answers✅"Psychologists are aware of and respect cultural, individual and role differences. . . ." Beneficence and Nonmaleficence - correct answers✅"Psychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm." Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 integrity - correct answers✅"Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching and practice of psychology." Justice - correct answers✅". . . entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures, and services being conducted by psychologists." central tendency - correct answers✅a number that represents something "average" about a set of data confidence level - correct answers✅a statistical measure of the likelihood that the true mean resides within the population range descriptive statistics - correct answers✅the visualization of statistical data in a practical and efficient manner frequency distribution - correct answers✅a depiction of data indicating how often a specific observation or score occurs inferential statistics - correct answers✅numerical methods used to determine whether data represents a correlation or chance mean - correct answers✅the average of all collected data Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 A researcher flips a coin 11 times to see how many times it lands on "heads." The test is repeated a number of times with the following results: 7, 6, 5, 5, 2, 7, 4, 6, 7, 3, and 4. What is the median? - correct answers✅5 A researcher records how many times each subject laughs while watching a cartoon video. The number of laughs for each subject are as follows:12, 14, 4, 5, 12, 18, 8, 1, and 7. What is the mean? - correct answers✅9 A researcher records how many times each subject laughs while watching a cartoon video. The number of laughs for each subject are as follows:12, 14, 4, 5, 12, 18, 8, 1, and 7. What is the mode? - correct answers✅12 A researcher records how many times each subject laughs while watching a cartoon video. The number of laughs for each subject are as follows:12, 14, 4, 5, 12, 18, 8, 1, and 7. What is the median? - correct answers✅8 forensic psychologists - correct answers✅pertaining to the legal process or courts of law Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 industrial/oragnizational psychologists - correct answers✅Large corporations employ these psychologists to help their employees be satisfied and productive workers developmental psychologists - correct answers✅These psychologists study the changes in behavior as people, especially children, age sports psychologists - correct answers✅These psychologists help athletes perform to the best of their abilities by teaching them mental strategies such as goal-setting and imagery educational psychologists - correct answers✅These professionals help students improve learning in school or work through problems affecting them counceling/clinical psychologists - correct answers✅One way these psychologists help people make important decisions and work through problems is by helping them to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors psychiatrists - correct answers✅These doctors may prescribe medicines to treat people with emotional difficulties forensic psycholoists - correct answers✅Law enforcement benefits from their legal knowledge in performing evaluations and working with child witnesses Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 social psychologists - correct answers✅These psychologists study group behavior to better understand social influences experimental/research psychologists - correct answers✅These researchers conduct a wide range of valid scientific experiments to test theories and expand knowledge about psychology Most psychology careers require at least a ______. - correct answers✅master's degree Select THREE ways a psychology degree might benefit a non- psychologist. - correct answers✅It equips one to handle statistics and to write effectively; It complements studies at medical, law, and divinity schools; It can improve one's ability to listen to people and interpret human behavior ______ work pertains to the legal process or courts of law. - correct answers✅Forensic adrenal gland - correct answers✅a gland that emits hormones to prepare the body for action or to regulate body chemistry autonomic - correct answers✅concerning the part of the nervous system that regulates biological functions such as heart rate and breathing axon - correct answers✅the appendage of a neuron that carries messages to the dendrites of other neurons Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 cerebellum - correct answers✅the part of the lower brain that coordinates balance and bodily movements cerebral cortex - correct answers✅the outer portion of the brain where conscious thought takes place corpus callosum - correct answers✅a bundle of nerves connecting the brain's hemispheres forebrain - correct answers✅a section of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex; directs memory, language, and conscious sensory and motor control hindbrain - correct answers✅a section of the brain including the medulla and cerebellum; regulates most of the body's vital functions hippocampus - correct answers✅a part of the forebrain that enables the formation of memories hypothalamus - correct answers✅the part of the brain that accounts for instinctive behaviors, such as directing the body to respond to potential danger, stress, thirst, hunger, or sexual feelings medulla - correct answers✅a part of the lower brain that controls heart rate, breathing, and a variety of reflexes Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 midbrain - correct answers✅a section of the brain that takes sensory information gathered by the nervous system and relays it to the forebrain thalamus - correct answers✅a part of the forebrain that connects to the rest of the brain and routes information to the appropriate neurons Regulation of most of the body's vital functions takes place in the _____. - correct answers✅hindbrain The ______ is a small region at the top of the pons and medulla that serves as the gateway to the conscious mind. - correct answers✅ The _______ is involved whenever you engage in a delicate task, such as moving your fingers on a small phone keyboard. - correct answers✅cerebellum The largest region of the brain where conscious thought takes place is the ______. - correct answers✅forebrain What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)? - correct answers✅It sorts through the constant influx of sensory input and decides which ones to ignore and which ones to act on. In each person, one of the two brain hemispheres tends to be dominant. - correct answers✅True Psychology (2nd Semester), Unit 1 Question And Answers All Verifed 2024 Select THREE types of functions in which the brain's left hemisphere excels. - correct answers✅analytical; verbal; mathematical Select THREE types of functions in which the brain's right hemisphere excels. - correct answers✅spatial; holistic; nonverbal