Psychopharmacology Exam with Verified Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

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Nsg 552 Wilkes Psychopharmacology Exam With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024 Dissociation - Correct Answer-defense mechanism that protects a person from overwhelming anxiety by emotionally separating Depersonalization - Correct Answer-unreality or detachment from one's body, thoughts, feeling and actions Derealization: - Correct Answer-unreality or detachment from one's surroundings Body dysmorphic disorder - Correct Answer-Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance Spends significant time trying to correct perceived flaw with makeup, dermatological procedures or plastic surgery Txt: SSRI and or CBT Hoarding disorder - Correct Answer-Persistent difficulty discarding possessions regardless of actual value Results in accumulation of possessions that compromise living space or inability to function Patients who remain resistant to psychosocial interventions, or who lack access to them, can be provided a trial of a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, particularly if they have a comorbid affective or anxiety disorder; Trichotillomania - Correct Answer-Recurrent pulling out one's hair despite repeated attempts to stop. Txt: SSRI, Clomipramine; atypical antipsychotics, lithium Excoriation Disorder - Correct Answer-Recurrent skin picking that results in lesions despite attempts to stop. Cognitive-behavioral therapies may be beneficial for patients accepting psychiatric referral Txt: SSRIS, antipsychotics, anxiolytics Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Correct Answer-Re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and avoidance of stimuli associate with the trauma. PTSD treatment - Correct Answer-1st line: SSRIS (Zoloft, Celexa) or SNRIS (Venlafaxine) FDA approved meds: Sertraline (Zoloft) and Paroxetine (Paxil) Alpha-1 agonist (Prazosin)= targets flashbacks; nightmares and hypervigilance Psychotherapy (CBC- exposure therapy etc.) • PTSD - Correct Answer-is a potentially debilitating disorder that can occurs after a traumatic event. Commonly described in war veterans • Can also present in those experiencing non- war events PTSD - Correct Answer-• Clinical syndrome is characterized by 4 clusters of symptoms: Re-experiencing the trauma (with intrusive thoughts, nightmares, or flashbacks) • Emotional numbing • Avoidance behaviors • Persistent hyperarousal and mood symptoms (depression, irritability, anger) Difference between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD: - Correct Answer-When an individual experiences a traumatic event and displays anxiety symptoms that lasts for only a short duration, the condition is opposed to PTSD. For the diagnosed as ASD as condition to be diagnosed as ASD, symptoms must occur within one month of trauma and last for not more than one month. The symptoms of ASD, however, are similar to those observed in PTSD. Comorbidity Assessment: PTSD - Correct Answer-It is important to look for: Substance use disorders (avoid benzodiazepines) Depression Bipolar disorder Psychosis Know the basics about dissociative identity disorder (DID) - Correct Answer-A Are there any drugs specifically indicated for DID? - Correct Answer-? Wht is forstline tx for DID - Correct Answer-? note that these patients have depressive symptoms and hence ECT can be considered as a viable option especially in combination with psychotherapy. - Correct Answer- patients have depressive symptoms and hence ECT can be considered as a viable option especially in combination with psychotherapy. Neurotransmitters - Correct Answer-↑ NE ĮGABA ĮSerotonin Anxiolytics/Hypnotics Etiology: - Correct Answer-Etiology: Defects in the Limbic system, midline brain and sections of the cortex Hyperactivity of the autonomic NS( ↑BP, diaphoresis, tremors, pupil dilation, 1HR TRR) Neurobiological deficits = 1 levels of GABA; ↑NE Indications: Anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, sleep disorders, ETOH withdrawal etc. ***Firstline treatment chronic anxiety - Correct Answer-SSRI Benzodiazepines - Correct Answer-MOA: Potentiate effects of GABA (Remember GABA is inhibitory) Benzodiazepines - Correct Answer-S/E: Anticholinergic, unusual behaviors, hallucinations, daytime drowsiness, amnesia Benzodiazepine Withdrawal like ETOH withdrawal - Correct Answer-Insomnia Anxiety Hand tremors Irritability Anorexia Nausea/vomiting Autonomic hyperactivity (diaphoresis, tachycardia, HTN) Tonic -clonic seizures = life threatening Note: Abrupt abstinence after chronic use can be life threatening. Short Acting =< 6hrs half life Quck actine Horsoizute disorders, Panic attacks) Torinsommia, Benzos - Correct Answer-Midazolam (Versed) Alprazolam (Xanax) Intermediate Acting (6-20 hours half life For insomnia and anxiety - Correct Answer-Lorazepam (Ativan) Oxazepam(Scrax) Temazepam (Restoril) Long Acting (> 20 hours half life) (Moderate-Severe anxiety) Good for ETOH withdeawal - Correct Answer-Diazepam (Valium)= Used in severe ETOH withdrawal and seizures Clonazepam (Klonopin) Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) Benzos in elderly - Correct Answer-S/E: Drowsiness, Impaired gait (especially in elderly); anterograde amnesia, confusion Benzodiazepine Overdose: - Correct Answer-Give Flumazenil to reverse effects