Public Speaking Fundamentals: Mastering the Canons of Rhetoric, Exams of Nursing

Download Public Speaking Fundamentals: Mastering the Canons of Rhetoric and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

SPCH 115 Exam 1 (Ch 1-5)questions well

answered to pass

Why study public speaking? - correct answer ✔✔It gives you vital life skills. rhetoric / oratory - correct answer ✔✔The practice of oratory, or public speaking The art of public speaking forensic oratory - correct answer ✔✔In Ancient Greece, speech addressing legal matters, such as the settlement of disputes Advocation or legal speech deliberative - correct answer ✔✔In Ancient Greece, speech addressing legislative or political policy issues Speech given in legislative or political contexts epideictic - correct answer ✔✔In Ancient Greece, speech addressing special occasions, such as celebrations and funerals Speech delivered in special ceremonies, such as celebrations and funerals 5 parts of a speech (canons of rhetoric) - correct answer ✔✔Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery canons of rhetoric - correct answer ✔✔A classical approach to speechmaking in which the speaker divides a speech into five parts: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery

Process of preparing a speech into five parts invention - correct answer ✔✔The classical rhetorical term for the process of selecting information to illustrate or prove speech points Adapting speech information to the audience in order to make your case arrangement - correct answer ✔✔The strategic process of deciding how to order speech points into a coherent and convincing pattern for your topic and audience; also refers to one of the five parts of the classical canons of rhetoric Organizing the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience style - correct answer ✔✔The speakers choice of works and sentence structure The way the speaker uses language to express the speech ideas memory - correct answer ✔✔One of five parts of the classical canons of rhetoric; refers to the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered The practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered delivery - correct answer ✔✔The vocal and nonverbal behavior that a speaker uses in a public speech; one the the five canons of rhetoric The vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking 4 categories of human communication - correct answer ✔✔dyadic, small group, mass, and public speaking dyadic communication - correct answer ✔✔Communication between two people, as in a conversation

small group communication - correct answer ✔✔Communication involving a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another, as in a business meeting mass communication - correct answer ✔✔Communication that occurs between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people. In mass communication the receivers of the message are not present with the speaker, or they are part of such an immense crowd that there can be little or no interaction between speaker and listeners. Communication that occurs via a television or radio news broadcast or a mass rally is an example of mass communication public speaking - correct answer ✔✔A type of communication in which the speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are physically present during the delivery of the speech. Public speaking always includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience thats gives the speaker its attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a purpose Differences between public speaking and other forms of communication - correct answer ✔✔1. opportunities for feedback

2. level of preparation
3. degree of formality Public speaking as an interactive communication process - correct answer ✔✔Speaker (source, receiver) -> Message -> Audience (receiver, source) -> Feedback encoding, decoding audience analysis - correct answer ✔✔The process of gathering and analyzing demographic and psychological information about audience members with the explicit aim of adapting your message to the information you uncover A process of getting to know your listeners relative to the topic and the speech occasion general speech purpose - correct answer ✔✔To inform, to persuade, or to mark a special occasion

A declarative statement that answers the question "why am I speaking on this topic for this particular audience and occasion?" Usually the general speech goal is to inform, to persuade, or to mark a special occasion speechmaking process - correct answer ✔✔select topic, analyze the audience, determine speech purpose, compose thesis statement, develop main points, gather supporting material, separate speech into its major parts, outline the speech, consider presentation aids, practice delivering the speech presentation aids - correct answer ✔✔Will help your audience understand your points Objects, models, pictures, graphs, charts, video, audio, and multimedia, used alone or in combination within the context of a speech; such aids help listeners see relationships among concepts and elements, store and remember material, and critically examine key ideas public speaking anxiety (PSA) - correct answer ✔✔Fear or anxiety associated with a speaker's actual or anticipated communication to an audience pre-preparation anxiety - correct answer ✔✔A form of public speaking anxiety (PSA) that occurs the moment speakers learn they must give a speech

1. a highly anxious person may be reluctant to begin planning for the speech
2. anxiety can preoccupy the person to such an extent that he or she misses vital information that is required to fulfill the speech assignment preparation anxiety - correct answer ✔✔A form of public speaking anxiety (PSA) that arises when the speaker begins to prepare for a speech, at which point he or she might feel overwhelmed at the amount of time and planning required cycle of stress, procrastination, avoidance pre-performance anxiety - correct answer ✔✔A form of public speaking anxiety (PSA) that occurs when the speaker begins to rehearse a speech anxiety stop-time - correct answer ✔✔A strategy for managing pre-performance anxiety by allowing the anxiety to build up for a few minutes without resistance so that it diffuses itself as you declare it time to overtake the anxiety and get on with preparing your speech

performance anxiety - correct answer ✔✔A form of public speaking anxiety (PSA) that occurs the moment a speaker begins to deliver a speech visualization - correct answer ✔✔An exercise for building confidence in which the speaker closes his or her eyes and envisions a series of positive feelings and reactions that will occur on the day of the speech "fight or flight response" - correct answer ✔✔These are automatic physiological reactions that result from the body's automatic response to a threatening or fear-inducing event, including public speaking feedback loop - correct answer ✔✔The continual flow of feedback between speaker and listener. A situation in which successful speakers adjust their message based on their listeners' reactions, and vice versa. Also known as circular response. listening - correct answer ✔✔The conscious act of recognizing, understanding, and accurately interpreting the messages communicated by others selective perception - correct answer ✔✔A psychological principle that posits that listeners pay attention selectively to certain messages and ignore others People pay attention selectively to certain messages while ignoring others.

1. we pay attention to what we hold to be important
2. we pay attention to information that touches our experiences and backgrounds
3. we sort and filter new information on the basis of what we already know active listening - correct answer ✔✔A multistep, focused, and purposeful process of gathering and evaluating information ethics - correct answer ✔✔The rules or standards of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another. In terms of public speaking, ethics refers to the responsibilities speakers have toward both their audience and themselves. It also encompasses the responsibilities that listeners have toward speakers

The study of moral conduct - how people should act toward one another ethos - correct answer ✔✔The Greek word for "character". According to the ancient Greek rhetorician Aristotle, audiences listen to and trust speakers if they exhibit competence (as demonstrated by the speaker's grasp of the subject matter) and good moral character Ethics derived from ethos values - correct answer ✔✔Our most enduring judgements or standards of what's important to us. (ex. equal opportunity, democracy, change and progress, or perseverance) fighting words - correct answer ✔✔A speech that uses language that provokes people to violence slander - correct answer ✔✔Defamatory speech, or potentially harmful to an individual's reputation at work or in the community reckless disregard for the truth - correct answer ✔✔A quality of defamatory speech that is legally liable public disclosure - correct answer ✔✔Open conversation or discussion in a public forum Speech involving issues of importance to the larger community plagiarism - correct answer ✔✔The act of using other people's ideas or words without acknowledging the source The passing off of another person's information as one's own wholesale plagiarism - correct answer ✔✔A form of plagiarism in which you "cut and paste" material from print or online sources into your speech and represent that material as your own patchwrite plagiarism - correct answer ✔✔A form of plagiarism in which you copy material from a source and then change and rearrange occasional words and sentence structures to make it appear as if the material were your own

direct quotations - correct answer ✔✔A statement quoted verbatim, or word for word, from a source. Direct quotations should always be acknowledged in a speech paraphrase - correct answer ✔✔A restatement of someone else's statements or written work that alters the form or phrasing but not the substance of that person's ideas fair use - correct answer ✔✔Legal guidelines permitting the limited use of copyrighted works without permission for the purpose of scholarship, criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, and research