Q Actual Exam Questions With Correct Answers., Exams of Nursing

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Q-Cards HURST Review Fluid and

Electrolytes

FVE= Hypervolemia - correct answer Cause: HF, RF, IV solution S/S: Increased BP, HR, CVP, pulses Decrease UO, SOB, edema, POLYURIA Treatment: bedrest (IV fluids), diuretics Pharm: furonalactone= K sparing FVD= Hypovolemia - correct answer Causes: -fluid loss -third spacing: (burns and acites) -Diseases S/S:

• skin tugor, dry mm, cool extremities
• Decrease: BP (below 90/60), CVP
• Increase: Pulse, Resp, USG (urine specific gravity), temperature (higher the fever, higher the dehydration) Treatment:
• Fall precautions

-Fluid replacement Isotonic Solutions (vascular space) - correct answer Types:

• D5W, 0.9% NS, LR Uses:
• fluid loss
• NOT FOR: HYP, cardiac failure, renal failure
• Why? causes FVE, HYP, and hypernatremia Hyptonic Solutions (into cells) - correct answer Types:
• D2.5W, 0.5% NS Uses:
• HYP, renal, cardiac disease, HYPERNATREMIA Watch Out:
• FVD, decrease BP Hypertonic Solutions (vascular space) - correct answer Types:
• TPN, Albumin Uses:
• HYPONATREMIA, third spacing Watch Out:
• FVE (administered in ICU)

High Alert Meds - correct answer Insulin Opiates K injections Anticoagulants Hypertonic Sol Hypermagnesemia - correct answer Fun Facts:

• excreted by kidneys, sometimes in GI -Acts like sedative
• Effects muscles Causes: -RF, antacids S/S:
• vasodilates-flushing Treatment: -Dialysis -Calcium gluconate Hypercalcemia - correct answer Fun Facts: -Acts like sedative
• Effects muscles Causes: -Hyperparathyroidism
• Thiazides -Immobilization

S/S:

-frail, brittle bones -kidney stones Treatment: -fluids -steroids (excrete through GI) -Meds: -Biphosphates/ phosphorus -Calcitonin Hypomagnesemia - correct answer Fun Facts:

• not a sedative Causes: -diarrhea -alcohol S/S: Treatment: -give mag BUT FIRST- check kidney function and seizure precaution Hypocalcemia - correct answer Fun Facts:
• not a sedative Causes: -hypoparathyroidism

-thyroidectomy -neck dissection S/S: Treatment: -give Ca BUT FIRST- tele (brady, widen QRS) -Vit D -Phosphate binders (helps utilize Ca) - sevelamer hydrochloride -calcium acetate Hypernatremia - correct answer Fun Facts: -dependent on H2O -Neuro changes Causes: -Hypervent. -Heat stroke -DI -Feeding tube S/S: -Dry mouth, thirsty, swollen tongue -neuro changes Treatment: -dilute with fluids -daily wts, I/O

Hyponatremia - correct answer Causes: -drinking H2O -psychogenic polydipsia -D5W -SAIDH S/S: -headache, seizure, coma Treatment: -hypertonic sol Hyperkalemia - correct answer Fun Facts: similar to Mag -excreted by kidneys Causes: -kidneys -Spironolactone S/S: -Arrhythmias -twitching, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis Treatments: -Dialysis -Cal. gluconate -Glucose/ Insulin -Kayexalate

Hypokalemia - correct answer Causes: -N/V -NG tube suction -Diuretics S/S: -arrhythmias -muscle cramps -muscle weakness Treatments: -sprionolactone

• K K and Na - correct answer inverse relationship EKG changes with K - correct answer Hyperkalemia- brady, V fib, peaked T, widened QRS Hypokalemia- PVC, Ventricular tachy, U waves Administering Potassium - correct answer NO PEE NO K
• GI upset -always on pump
• burns foods: spinach, tomatoes, kale, avocado, strawberries, oranges, potatoes