Radiographic Imaging Principles and Techniques, Quizzes of Nursing

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indicator number - ANSWER how much radiation was absorbed into the phosphors image stitching - ANSWER stitching together multiple images - useful for scoliosis studies of the spine, long bone studies or angiographic imaging of peripheral vasculature. - to view as a single image. image annotation - ANSWER allow the technologist to inset preset text or manual text on the image contrast resolution (digital) - ANSWER Ability to distinguish anatomic structures having similar subject contrast spatial resolution - ANSWER Refers to the amount of detail present in any image.Phosphor layer thickness and pixel size determines resolution in CR. pixel - ANSWER A single square within a matrix matrix - ANSWER a series of very small boxes that form a digital image direct conversion - ANSWER one step process in DR where flat panel detectors convert the x-ray energy directly to an electric signal using an amorphous selenium detector for immediate viewing charged coupled device - ANSWER component which light enters and is converted into video or electronic signal thin film transistor - ANSWER used to read charges collected during an exposure photodiode - ANSWER A silicon solid state device sensitive to light. Converts light into an electrical signal.

scintillator - ANSWER Amorphous silicon requires a _____ such as cesium iodide or a rare earth intensifying screen composed of gadolinum and lanthanum with oxysulfides. This also converts x-rays to visible light. flat panel detector - ANSWER a type of digital detector employing amorphous silicon or selenium detector material, bonded with thin-film transistor technology for digital image creation and amplification density - ANSWER It is the degree of blackening of a radiograph resulting from radiation exposure and processing and one of the two photographic properties that comprise visibility of detail. automatic exposure controll - ANSWER a device that measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the image receptor and automatically terminates the exposure when the image receptor has received the required radiation intensity high frequency generator - ANSWER , What uses AC and DC power converters to change the incoming line from 60Hz to 6000Hz? three phase generator - ANSWER ... single phase generator - ANSWER produce a pulsating current that alternates from positive to negative and are power by a single source of ac diode - ANSWER A device that permits current to flow through it in only one direction rectification - ANSWER The process of converting AC to DC. filament circuit - ANSWER low-voltage circuit; uses 3-5 volts, regulates the flow of electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube; controlled by mA settings high voltage circuit - ANSWER Purpose is to provide high electrical potential needed to accelerate electrons from cathode to the anode. Controlled by kVp.

autotransformer - ANSWER Provides a variable yet predetermined voltage to the high-voltage step-up transformer. It acts as the kilovoltage selector. exposure switch - ANSWER closes the circuit and allows current to flow though primary side of step up transformer recorded detail - ANSWER Sharpness of the structural edges of the radiographic image. Describes the degree of geometric sharpness or accuracy of the structural lines recorded in the image. exposure time - ANSWER ... sid - ANSWER ... OID - ANSWER ... quantom mottle - ANSWER refers to the random nature by which x-rays interact with IR, under the control of radiographer and is principal contributor to radiographic noise (the use of high mAs, low kVp settings and slower IR's reduces ____) control consol - ANSWER The unit inside the control booth, where the operator sets all of the exposure techniques, such as: kilovolts peak, milliampheres, and exposure time. contrast - ANSWER shades of gray on an image x ray generator - ANSWER ... heat units - ANSWER The formula, mA x kVp x time, is used to determine what the maximum heat capacity of the anode of the x-ray is rated in terms of: - ANSWER heat units

back up timer - ANSWER what is set in case of failure in AEC phototimer - ANSWER ... umbra - ANSWER actual anatomical area on a film penumbra - ANSWER The blurred/ indistinct area that surrounds an image prime factors - ANSWER What is the term for the three principal factors that affect xray emission that are under direct control of radiographer? prime factors - ANSWER kvp ma time SID anode heel effect - ANSWER It alters the intensity of radiation and therefore the density between the anode and cathode ends of the x-ray tube. Due to the geometry of an angled anode target, the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side. thermionic emission - ANSWER The process of "boiling off" of electrons from the filament coils focusing cup - ANSWER small oval depression in the cathode assembly, the negative charge of the focusing cup helps direct electrons toward the anode in a straighter less divergent path. bremsstrahlung - ANSWER X-rays that are produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the electric field of a target atom nucleus 15% rule - ANSWER used to maintain exposure to the image receptor and maintain radiographic film density. Increasing kvp 15% requires mas to decrease by 50%, decreasing kvp requires mas to increase x2. inverse square law - ANSWER Intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor.

characteristic radiation - ANSWER Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above. focal track - ANSWER The tungsten focal area all around the beveled edge of the rotating anode actual focal spot - ANSWER An area on the target surface that is struck by the electron stream effective focal spot - ANSWER The area of the focal spot that is projected out of the tube toward the object being radiographed is the: target angle - ANSWER The slant of the anode surface; between 7 and 17 degrees, with 12 degrees the most common; it affects the tube's heat capacity, the sharpness of the radiographic image, and the maximum size of the x-ray beam. potential difference - ANSWER In order to get electrons to flow, this is required. frequency - ANSWER How many waves can pass a given point per second, measured in Hertz (Hz) circuit - ANSWER ... electromagnetic conduction - ANSWER when the direction of current flow is reversed,creating alternating current primary radiation - ANSWER X-ray beam that leaves the tube and is attenuated, except by air. It's direction and location are predictable and controllable. tube port - ANSWER X-rays exit the tube housing through an opening called the velocity - ANSWER wavelength times frequency

atomic number - ANSWER A unique number identifying the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number identifyies the atom. atom - ANSWER Basic unit of matter; made of three sub-atomic particles (neutrons, protons, and electrons) matter - ANSWER Anything that has mass and takes up space molecule - ANSWER A particle made of two or more atoms bonded together. crest - ANSWER Highest point of a wave amplitude - ANSWER ... coolidge tube - ANSWER hot cathode x-ray tube; vacuum tube that allowed x-ray intensity and energy to be selected separately and with great accuracy crooks tube - ANSWER What type of tube was used when x-rays were first discovered? electric energy - ANSWER Energy of electric charges. thermal energy - ANSWER Energy from heat potential energy - ANSWER "stored energy" kinetic energy - ANSWER Energy of motion direct current - ANSWER Current that flows through a conductor in one direction only.

alternating current - ANSWER Current that flows through a conductor in two directions that are periodically altered. resistor - ANSWER A material or device of a circuit that henders or opposes the flow of electricity asrt - ANSWER The curriculum being taught in your radiography program is based on the national radiography curriculum written by which professional organization? asrt - ANSWER American Society of Radiologic Technologists arrt - ANSWER American Registry of Radiologic Technologists arrt - ANSWER Give the registry exam and your credentials upon passing the exam are:? jrcert - ANSWER Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology - educational standards and accreditation ionization - ANSWER process in which an atom gains or loses an electron rectification - ANSWER The process by which alternating current is changed to pulsating direct current central ray - ANSWER line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the x-ray tube and is in the center of the x-ray beam. X-Ray beam an imaginary line in center of x-ray beam and peerpendicular to long axis of the x-ray tube. Image receptor - ANSWER ______ _______ - medium used to capture the image for recording, such as x- ray film or a digital imaging plate. An interpretation device that intercepts the x-ray photons that are able to exit the patient. remnant radiation - ANSWER All radiation exiting the patient during exposure and ultimately striking the receptor.

scatter radiation - ANSWER A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter wilhem conrad roentgen - ANSWER Discovered x-rays on nov 8, 1895. cathode - ANSWER a negatively charged electrode that is the source of electrons in an electrical device anode - ANSWER a positively charged electrode by which electrons leave an electrical device neclear energy - ANSWER ... chemical energy - ANSWER Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy bucky - ANSWER ... step up transformer - ANSWER ... step down transformer - ANSWER ...