Radiographic Imaging Principles and Techniques, Exams of Radiology

Download Radiographic Imaging Principles and Techniques and more Exams Radiology in PDF only on Docsity! ARRT FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A MRI procedure is contraindicated for a patient who has: a. a pacemaker that was placed 15 years ago b. dental fillings c. subdural bleeding d. scoliosis - ANSWER>>A A PA chest image reveals that only eight ribs are seen above the diaphragm. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspirtations of lungs? a. use higher kV to penetrate the diaphragm b. perform the chest position supine c. take the exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first d. use a shorter exposure time - ANSWER>>C A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed upon the spine and the right joint is open and farther from the spine. What specific positioning error has been committed? a. left tilt b. rotation into the LAO position c. right tilt d. rotation into the RAO position - ANSWER>>B A ____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received. a. linear b. nonlinear c. curvilinear d. nonthreshold - ANSWER>> A critique of this image demonstrates which repeatable error? a. extension of the skull b. mouth not open enough c. flexion of the skull d. rotation of the head to the right - ANSWER>>A Which of the following describes the correct relationship between the quality of the x-ray beam and the technique selected on the control panel? a. low beam penetrability due to low kVp b. low beam penetrability due to high kVp c. low beam penetrability due to high mAs d. low beam penetrability due to low mAs - ANSWER>>A A particular radiograph was produced using 8 mAs and 84 kVp with an 8:1 ratio grid. The image is to be repeated using a 16:1 ratio grid. What should be the new mAs to adjust for the grid ratio change? Grid ratio and conversion factor 5:1 ratio - conversion factor of 2 6:1 ratio - conversion factor of 3 8:1 ratio - conversion factor of 4 12:1 ratio - conversion factor of 5 16:1 ratio - conversion factor of 6 a. 5 mAs b. 8 mAs c. 12 mAs d. 20 mAs - ANSWER>>C A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral chest projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass? a. AP and lateral of upper airway b. right lateral c. AP erect d. Apical Lordotic - ANSWER>>D A patient comes to the imaging department for a follow-up study of the cervical spine. The patient has had a spinal fusion between C5-C6 performed six months earlier. His physician wants to access the cervical spine for anteriorposterior mobility. Which of the following projections would provide this assessment? a. AP axial-vertebral arch projection d. Both 1 and 2. - ANSWER>>D A technologist can reduce his or her exposure during fluoroscopy by stepping: 1. back from the patient. 2. behind the radiologist. 3. close to the patient's head. a. 1 & 3 only b. 1 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1 & 2 only - ANSWER>>D A(n) ____ effect increases with incidence but not severity as the dose increases. a. stochastic b. localized c. early d. deterministic (tissue reaction) - ANSWER>>A Air or gas that escapes into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as: a. air bronchogram b. pneumothorax c. hemidiaphragm d. hemothorax - ANSWER>>B Which of the following is not appropriate for a technologist to do? a. compare the imaging order to the patient's history b. identify the patient using name and birth date c. crop off anatomy on the processed image d. use a sandbag as an immobilization device while positioning a patient - ANSWER>>C Which of the following veins is commonly used for venipuncture? a. cephalic vein b. internal jugular vein c. dorsal vein d. popliteal vein - ANSWER>>A Which of the following is an example of a positive contrast medium? a. air b. soda water c. barium sulfate d. gas-producing crystals - ANSWER>>C Which of the following is NOT a type of nonverbal communication? a. smiling at the patient b. asking the patient for a medical history c. having a clean x-ray room d. having a puzzled facial expression - ANSWER>>B Which of the following components are included in the CR reader? a. thin-film transistor b. DEL c. capacitor d. beam-shaping optics - ANSWER>>D Three of the four following statements best describe the proper use of standard precautions. Which statement is FALSE? a. Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer before and after patient contact b. Use standard precautions when caring for all patients c. Use precautions only for patients from the emergency department d. Never recap used needles - ANSWER>>C All the hereditary information about an individual is contained in the ____ cells. a. skin b. brain c. blood d. germ - ANSWER>>D Which of the following best demonstrates the coracoacromial arch? a. West Point method b. Y view method c. Fisk method d. Neer method - ANSWER>>D An increase in exposure factors is usually required in which of the following circumstances? 1. edema 2. ascities 3. acromegaly a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1,2 and 3 - ANSWER>>D An x-ray image of an ankle was made at 40-SID, 200 mA, 50 ms, 70 kV, 0.6mm focal spot and 2 inches of OID. Which of the following modifications would result in the greatest increase in magnification? a. 1.2 mm focal spot b. 36-inch SID c. 44-inch SID d. 4-inch OID - ANSWER>>D Angulation across the long axis of a linear grid causes: a. grid shadowing. b. cross-hatched impressions. c. grid cut-off. d. grid convergence. - ANSWER>>C As LET ____ the RBE ____. a. increases, increases b. increases, remains the same c. decreases, remains the same d. increases, decreases - ANSWER>>A As kVp ____, the probability of photoelectric absorption ____. a. increases, remains the same b. increases, decreases c. decreases, decreases d. decreases, remains the same - ANSWER>>B Which of the following terms describe the ratio of the sensitive area to the entire area of a DEL? a. size b. pitch c. fill factor d. bit depth - ANSWER>>C At what time(s) does a patient have the right to revoke consent? A. only before the procedure begins B. only after the procedure has started If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to produce 6 mAs? a. 5 ms b. 10 ms c. 15 ms d. 20 ms - ANSWER>>D If a patient is cyantoic, what condition may they suffering from and what area(s) of the body can the effects be seen? a. insufficient oxygen in body tissues; lips and nailbeds b. excessive oxygen in body tissues; lips and nailbeds c. excessive bile; eyes and skin d. hyperthemia; skin - ANSWER>>A If a radiographer is unable to achieve a short OID because of the structure of the body part or patient condition, which of the following adjustments can be made to minimize magnification distortion? a. A smaller focal-spot size should be used b. A longer SID should be used c. A shorter SID should be used d. A lower radio grid should be used - ANSWER>>B Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? a. Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints. b. Prevents foreshortening of radiocarpal joint. c. Opens up the carpometacarpal joints. d. Demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint. - ANSWER>>A If a response to radiation is expected no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is ____. a. nonthreshold b. linear c. threshold d. nonlinear - ANSWER>>A If a technologist is exposed to 4 mGy/hr for 45 minutes during a fluoroscopy exam, what will be her total exposure? a. 2 mGy b. 1 mGy c. 4 mGy d. 3 mGy - ANSWER>>D If a technologist is receiving 2 mGy/hr standing 1 foot from the patient during fluoroscopy, what will the technologists rate of exposure when he/she steps back to a distance of 2 feet from the patient? a. 0.7 mGy/hr b. 1 mGy/hr c. 0.5 mGy/hr d. 8 mGy/hr - ANSWER>>C In DR and CR, the signal must be changed to digital form by a(n): A. digital-to-analog converter B. flux capacitor C. analog-to-digital converter D. DVD-ROM - ANSWER>>C In digital imaging, as pixel size or DEL size decreases: a. brightness increases b. brightness decreases c. spatial resolution increases d. spatial resolution decreases - ANSWER>>C In fluoroscopy, which of the following can be used to capture a radiographic image? 1. image intensifier 2. indirect-capture flat-panel detector 3. direct-capture flat-panel detector 4. CCD or CMOS A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 1, 2, and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 - ANSWER>>D Which of the following is the correct formula for total brightness gain? a. minification gain times flux gain b. minification gain divided by flux gain c. flux gain divided by minification gain d. minification gain2 x flux gain2 - ANSWER>>A Meiosis is the process of cell division for ____ cells. a. muscle b. somatic c. skin d. genetic - ANSWER>>D Monitoring and documentation of procedural fluoroscopic time is essential to good practice. The responsibility for monitoring and documentation generally belongs to: a. The nurse assisting the physician with the procedure b. The physician performing the procedure c. The radiographer assisting with the procedure d. Radiology department secretarial personnel - ANSWER>>C Part 6 (notch on scapula) refers to the: a. coracoid process b. scapular spine c. acromion process d. coronoid process - ANSWER>>A Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are much more vulnerable to which of the following? a. Only the early somatic effects of radiation. b. Only the late somatic effects of radiation c. The late effects of radiation d. Only the genetic effects of radiation. - ANSWER>>C Primary radiation is: 1. leakage radiation 2. the scattered beam 3. the useful beam a. 1 and 2 b. 2 only c. 3 only c. will be less than if it were delivered all at one time d. depend solely on the radiation quality - ANSWER>>C The fluoroscopic exposure control switch is always a(n) ____ type. a. rheostat b. deadman c. automatic d. on-off - ANSWER>>B The internal prominence or ridge where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the: a. hilum b. carina c. thyroid cartilage d. costophrenic angle - ANSWER>>B The leakage radiation limit for x-ray tubes is less than ____ at 1 meter from the tube housing. a. 0.5 mGy a /hr b. 1 mGy a /hr c. 3 mGy a /hr d. 2 mGy a /hr - ANSWER>>B The medical suffix plasia refers to: a. embryonic b. condition c. movement d. development - ANSWER>>D The recommended thickness for protective aprons set by the NCRP is ____ Pb equivalent. a. 1.0 mm b. 0.5 mm c. 0.3 mm d. 0.25 mm - ANSWER>>B The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the ____. a. hormone b. protein c. DNA d. glucose - ANSWER>>C The patient arrives from the ER with anterior rib pain for ribs 8-12. Which projections should be performed for this patient to better image the area of concern? a. AP and anterior oblique on inspiration b. PA and posterior oblique on expiration c. PA and anterior oblique on expiration d. AP and posterior oblique on inspiration - ANSWER>>C The patient is positioned prone, the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor, the OML is perpendicular to the image receptor and the central ray is angled 15 degrees caudad. Where should the petrous ridges be located on the radiographic image? a. the petrous ridges will fill the orbits b. the petrous ridges will be mid-orbit c. the petrous ridges will be in the lower one third of the orbits d. the petrous ridges will be just below the maxillary sinuses - ANSWER>>C The patient is positioned with PA, with the midsagittal plane perpendicular and the OML forms a 37 degree angle to the image receptor. Which anatomical part will be best demonstrated? a. Frontal sinuses b. Maxillary sinuses c. Ethmoid sinuses d. Floor of the orbits - ANSWER>>B The primary means of communication with a hearing-impaired patient is through: a. writing b. touch c. a bilingual family member d. continual conversation - ANSWER>>A The most common interactions with low LET radiation and the human body are assumed to be: a. indirect effects (action). b. DNA damage. c. direct effects (action). d. cell destruction. - ANSWER>>A The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms _________. a. stays the same, increases b. decreases, increases c. increases, increases d. increases, decreases - ANSWER>>C The result of thermionic emission is a(n): A. recoil electron B. electron cloud C. scattered photon D. characteristic photon - ANSWER>>B The source-to-skin distance must not be less than ____ on stationary fluoroscopes. a. 30 cm b. 48 cm c. 38 cm d. 42 cm - ANSWER>>C The spinal cord tapers off to a point distally at the level of: a. L1-L2 intervertebral space b. L2-L3 intervertebral space c. L5-S1 intervertebral space d. L4-L5 intervertebral space - ANSWER>>A The three cardinal principles of radiation protection involve: a. ALARA, time, and distance. b. dose, shielding, and exposure. c. time, distance, and shielding. d. exposure, shielding, and ALARA. - ANSWER>>C The tissue in the ____ is more radiosensitive than ____ tissue. a. brain, cornea b. muscle, gonadal c. bone marrow, muscle d. brain, lymphoid - ANSWER>>C The window width controls: a. receptor exposure b. image contrast What type of CR angle is required for posterior oblique positions of the cervical spine? a. 5-10 degrees cephalad b. CR is perpendicular to IR c. 15 degrees caudad d. 15 degrees cephalad - ANSWER>>D What type of artifact can occur if a computed radiography reader does not completely erase an image plate? a. grid cutoff b. ghost artifact c. quantum mottle d. grid lines - ANSWER>>B What type of collimator will automatically restrict the x-ray beam to the size of the image cassette or image receptor? a. Positive beam limitation b. Diaphragm c. Electronic focused beam d. Manual collimator - ANSWER>>A What type of contrast media is ideal for demonstrating a diverticulum within the stomach? a. Radiolucent b. Water soluble c. Double-contrast barium/negative contrast agent d. Single-contrast barium sulfate - ANSWER>>C What type of x-ray generator uses a continually decreasing mA for the shortest time possible? A. single -phase B. falling load C. three-phase D. high-frequency - ANSWER>>B Which projection of the air contrast colon will result the layering of barium and air with barium located in the lateral side of the descending colon and air in the lateral side of the cecum and ascending colon? a. RPO b. LPO c. Left Lateral Decubitus d. Right Lateral Decubitus - ANSWER>>C When using AEC systems, which of the following is the technologist unable to select on the control panel? a. focal spot size b. exposure time c. kVp d. ionization chambers - ANSWER>>B When a diabetic patient has taken the usual dose of insulin but has not eaten, the patient may feel faint, weak, and may show signs of sweating and tremors. Which of the following terms best describes this condition? a. diabetic coma b. hyperglycemia c. hypoglycemia d. epistaxis - ANSWER>>C When a patient has a weak leg as a result of a stroke or other condition, it is helpful to: a. position the patient with the weak side against the bed or table b. position yourself on the patient's weak side c. position yourself on the patient's strong side d. encourage the patient to lead with the weak leg - ANSWER>>B When lifting a patient, why would you stand with your feet apart? a. to increase the base of support b. so you can bend at the waist when helping to lift the patient c. to make the patient more comfortable d. to lower the center of gravity - ANSWER>>A When reviewing this image of the Y view of the shoulder, you determine that the patient is: a. under-rotated b. over-rotated c. breathing during exposure d. positioned correctly - ANSWER>>A When reviewing this image, you determine that the patient was: a. this patient was correctly positioned b. over-flexed c. over-rotated- patient's knee too close to the image receptor d. under-rotated- patient's knee to far from image receptor - ANSWER>>C When using digital imaging, which has the greatest influence on contrast? a. kVp b. mAs c. LUT d. MTF - ANSWER>>C Whenever the letter "M" appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that: a. a maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time. b. an equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time. c. an equivalent dose less than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time. d. a mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose. - ANSWER>>C Where is the spinal puncture made for the collection of cerebral spinal fluid? a. subdural space b. subarachnoid space c. arachnoid space d. epidural space - ANSWER>>B Which SI radiation unit of measurement is used to describe exposure recorded on a personnel monitoring report? a. Roentgen b. Coulomb c. Sievert d. Gray - ANSWER>>C Which biliary structure is labeled 8? a. Common hepatic duct b. Cystic duct c. Common bile duct d. Right hepatic duct - ANSWER>>C a. ethics b. guidelines c. law d. aspirations - ANSWER>>A Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal apsect of the ulna? a. head b. olecrenon c. coronoid process d. coracoid - ANSWER>>A Which of the following can cause elongation? a. The central ray is angled toward the body part being imaged. b. The body part is placed at an angle to the IR. c. Excessive distance between the object and the IR. d. Excessive SID. - ANSWER>>A Which of the following combinations of technical factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose during a radiographic examination? a. Higher kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration b. Lower kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration c. Higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration d. Lower kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration - ANSWER>>C Which condition(s) require(s) some decrease in manual exposure factors? a. Osteoporosis b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Osteoarthritis d. All of the above - ANSWER>>D Which of the following correctly describes indirect conversion flat-panel detectors? A. electrical signal to light B. light to x-rays C. x-rays to electrical signal D. x-rays to visible light to electrical signal - ANSWER>>D Which of the following describes an animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organsim? a. fomite b. host c. pathogen d. iatrogenic - ANSWER>>B Which of the following describes the majority of x-rays produced at the anode? A. bremsstrahlung B. characteristic C. Compton D. pair production - ANSWER>>A Which of the following describes the most common source of hospital-acquired infections? a. surgical equipment b. patient wheelchairs c. radiographic image receptors d. urinary catheters - ANSWER>>D Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector? a. Film badge dosimeter b. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter c. Pocket ionization chamber d. Thermoluminescent dosimeter - ANSWER>>B Which of the following factors is most critical for demonstrating air/fluid levels within the sinuses? a. high mA b. medium kVp c. patient in the upright position d. short time exposure - ANSWER>>C Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the shortest scale of contrast? a. 200 mA, 0.08 second, 95 kV, 12:1 grid b. 500 mA, 0.03 second, 70 kV, 8:1 grid c. 300 mA, 0.05 second, 95 kV, 8:1 grid d. 600 mA, 1/40 seconds, 70 kV, 6:1 grid - ANSWER>>B Which of the following instruments is used to monitor both the pulse and the oxygen saturation of the blood? a. sphygmomanometer b. pulse oximeter c. stethoscope d. electrocardiograph - ANSWER>>B Which of the following is a unit of effective dose? a. Roentgen b. Becquerel c. Sievert d. Gray - ANSWER>>C Which of the following is an effective technique for reducing patient dose when a digital fluoroscopic system is used? a. Converting to non-image intensification b. Using scotopic (rod) vision instead of photopic (cone) vision c. Increasing mAs significantly d. Using the last-image-hold feature - ANSWER>>D Which of the following is determined by using a tube rating chart? A. safety of a single exposure B. patient dose C. total number of exposures made on the anode D. life expectancy of the x-ray tube - ANSWER>>A Which of the following statement is true regarding SID? a. decrease in SID results in decreased Comptom scatter b. decrease in SID results in decreased magnification c. increase in SID results in increased receptor exposure d. increase in SID results in decreased decreased distortion - ANSWER>>D What is the x-ray attenuation for a 0.5mm lead equivalent apron at 100 kVp? a. 99% b. 94% c. 51% d. 75% - ANSWER>>D Which of the following is the best response to questions from patients or family members regarding the results of the radiographic images? Which of the following projections best demonstrates the sternum? a. PA b. LAO c. RAO d. AP - ANSWER>>C Which of the following projections will demonstrate anterior/posterior joint dislocation of the glenomuheral joint? 1. Y view 2. Transthoracic 3. AP Shoulder- external rotation a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1,2 and 3 - ANSWER>>A Which of the following projections will project the dens within the shadow of the foramen magnum? a. Twining method b. Fuchs c. Swimmers d. AP Open Mouth - ANSWER>>B When completing AP and lateral knee images, which of the following will contribute to an increase in patient dose? a. Use of a radiographic grid b. Use of the highest practical kVp with the lowest possible mAs for each projection c. Use of the correct technique d. No grid - ANSWER>>A Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenohumeral joint? a. AP shoulder, internal rotation b. Grashey method c. Lawrence method d. Neer method - ANSWER>>B Which of the following statements about histograms is/are true? 1. A histogram illustrates pixel value distribution 2. There is a default histogram for each/different body parts 3. A histogram is representative of the image's grayscale before corrections are made a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 - ANSWER>>D Which of the following statements is not true? a. the right bronchus is shorter than the left bronchus b. the angle of divergence of the left bronchus is greater than that of the right bronchus c. the right lung contains three lobes d. the left bronchus is larger in diamenter than the right bronchus - ANSWER>>D Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? a. trachea b. esophagus c. larynx d. hyoid bone - ANSWER>>B Which of the following terms best describes the overall efficiency with which a digital system converts an x-ray signal to a diagnostic image? a. detective quantum efficiency b. exposure latitude c. MTF d. dynamic range - ANSWER>>A Which of the following terms describe size distortion? a. foreshortening b. magnification c. elongation d. minimization - ANSWER>>B Which of the following terms describes the complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms? a. medical asepsis b. surgical asepsis c. disinfect d. standard precautions - ANSWER>>B Which of the following terms is used to describe cessation of breathing? a. respiratory arrest b. cardiac arrest c. CVA d. tachypnea - ANSWER>>A Which of the following terms means for the benefit of the patient? A. beneficence B. nonmalificence C. fidelity D. veracity - ANSWER>>A Which of the following type of shock may result after the administration of iodinated contrast media? a. anaphylactic b. septic c. neurogenic d. cardiogenic - ANSWER>>A Which of the following waveforms has the lowest percentage voltage ripple? A. single phase B. three-phase, six-pulse C. three-phase, twelve-pulse D. high frequency - ANSWER>>D Which of the following will serve to increase the effective energy of the x-ray beam? A. increase in added filtration B. decrease in kilovoltage C. decrease in mA D. decrease in filtration - ANSWER>>A Which of the following parts of the x-ray circuit is responsible for changing alternating current to direct current? a. step-up transformer b. step-down transformer c. rectifier b. antiemetic c. antihistamine d. anticoagulant - ANSWER>>C While measuring blood pressure, the first pulse that is heard is recorded as the: a. diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure c. venous pressure d. valvular pressure - ANSWER>>B Why should the hand be slightly arched for a PA projection of the wrist? a. to reduce the OID of the carpal bones b. to demonstrate any possible nondisplaced metacarpal fractures c. to provide additional comfort for the patient d. to open up the carpometacarpal joints - ANSWER>>A With a deteriorating head injury, the first priority should be to: a. shake the patient to keep the person awake b. maintain an open airway c. stimulate the patient d. allow the patient to sleep - ANSWER>>B X-ray quantity increases in direct proportion to increases in ____. a. mAs b. kVp c. distance d. filtration - ANSWER>>A Which of the following part of the image intensifier is the first to interact with the x-rays that have exited the patient? A. output phosphor B. input phosphor C. photocathode D. anode - ANSWER>>B ____ is a late effect of radiation exposure. a. Erythema b. Nausea c. Cancer d. Epilation - ANSWER>>C The effective focal spot size is affected by which of the following? a. anode rotation speed b. amount of filtration c. target angle of the anode d. anode heel effect - ANSWER>>C