Rasmussen Pharmacology Exam 1 2025 Questions And 100% Correct Answers | A+ Grade Studyguid, Exams of Nursing

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Rasmussen Pharmacology Exam 1 2025

Questions And 100% Correct Answers | A+

Grade Studyguide

what disease process goes with "dopamine depletion" Correct Answer parkinsons' disease what disease process goes with "rigidity" Correct Answer Parkinson's disease what disease process goes with "Confusion" Correct Answer Alzheimers what disease process goes with "bradykinesia" Correct Answer Parkinson's disease what disease process goes with "memory loss" Correct Answer Alzheimers what disease process goes with "Acetylcholine accumulation" Correct Answer Parkinsons disease what disease process goes with "amyloid plaques" Correct Answer alzeimers disease what disease process goes with "acetylcholinerase inhibitor drugs" Correct Answer Parkinsons disease

what disease process goes with "facial masking" Correct Answer Parkinsons disease what disease process goes with "motor neuron degeneration" Correct Answer Parkinsons disease what disease process goes with "neurofibillary tangles" Correct Answer Alzheimers disease what disease process goes with "anticholinergic drugs" Correct Answer Parkinsons disease Aricept improves what Correct Answer Cholinergic function SLUD Correct Answer S:alivation L:acrimation U:rination D:efication Can you crush contin Correct Answer no Can you crush potassium Correct Answer no can you crush iron Correct Answer no Can you crush calcium antacids Correct Answer yes what disease process goes with "Lack of ACh receptor sites" Correct Answer Myasthenia Gravis

your patient is receiving tx for MG with Mestonin. What should you see if it is working? Correct Answer maintenance of muscle strength What to avoid when taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeral) Correct Answer - driving

• alcohol Pt taking an MAOI and eating blue cheese, red wine with dinner? What should you tell them they are at risk for Correct Answer Hypertensive crisis Pt is taking Lithium, you should advise them to avoid what other drugs Correct Answer - ibuprofen
• ACE inhibitor
• HCTZ Serotonin Syndrome S/S Correct Answer - agitation
• confusion
• rigidity
• fever Extrapyramidal effects are most common with which class of antidepressants? Correct Answer tricyclics What to keep in mind with Lithium Correct Answer - it has a narrow therapeutic range
• do not crush
• check serum levels
• take same time everyday

What drugs contain acetomenophen Correct Answer - vicodin

• tylenol
• lortab
• Norco
• Excedrin
• Nyquil
• Fioricet
• Percocet
• Alka Seltzer Plus What drugs do not contain acetomenophen Correct Answer - tramadol
• gabapentin
• flexeril
• ketorolac
• motrin
• dilaudid
• advil What drug should not be given during an acute gout flare up Correct Answer probenicid injectable NSAID Correct Answer Toradol Ibuprofen should always be taken with what? Correct Answer Food or milk (COX 1)

Typical antipsychotics may be prescribed for short term use why? Correct Answer it is faster working Extra pyramidal side effects are most commonly seen in which class of medications Correct Answer typical antipsychotics How do you know if a neuroleptic is working Correct Answer behavior decreases Inflammation Correct Answer - reddness

• swelling
• heat
• pain
• loss of function What do you need to teach with DMARDS Correct Answer good hygiene What is Pharmaceutics Correct Answer Pharmaceutics: applies only to tablets or capsules given by mouth (PO). process in which the tablet or capsule becomes a solution, so that it can cross the biologic membrane, of the stomach or small intestine. Drugs generally disintegrate and are absorbed faster in what? Correct Answer very acidic fluids. Very Old and very young people have less gastric acidity so... What is the result? Correct Answer Lower/slower absorption > Drug in the system longer

If a drug is enteric coated and meant to be absorbed in where? what would happen if you crushed it before taking it? Correct Answer Small intestine, Absorbed in stomach Pharmacokinetic Phase: Correct Answer this is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action. Sometimes referred to as what the body does to the drug. 4 processes: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism (Biotransformation), Excretion (Elimination) Protein bound drugs are destroyed by? Correct Answer digestive enzymes Insulin is a protein bound drug, so CANNOT be given by which route? Correct Answer Oral Absorption- Drugs absorbed most easily are? Correct Answer Fat soluble and Non-Ionized First Pass effect is what? Correct Answer The liver can inactivate or change drugs into different forms. Bioavailability is what Correct Answer the percentage of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation Bioavailability for IV administered drugs is what % Correct Answer 100%, why? Direct bloodstream/vein contact

Excretion/Elimination- Accomplished mostly through where? Correct Answer the kidneys Peak is what? Correct Answer when the drug reaches its highest plasma or blood concentration Pharmacodynamics Phase is what? Correct Answer the way the drug affects the body Onset is what? Correct Answer the time until minimum effective action Duration of Action is what Correct Answer the length of the time the drug has a pharmalogic effect Receptor Theory is what Correct Answer Drugs act through receptors to produce or block a response. The better a drug fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active it is, like a key fitting into a lock. Agonists examples Correct Answer Drugs that produce a response are agonists Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Antagonist Examples Correct Answer Drugs that prevent or block a response are called antagonists Example: Histamine receptor antagonist (Atropine) Peak is what Correct Answer the point at which plasma drug levels are highest

Trough is what Correct Answer point at which plasma drug levels are lowest. Loading Dose is what Correct Answer Given to achieve a rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma. After the loading dose is given, a prescribed daily dose is provided. Brand Names are what? Correct Answer Drug manufactures choose the brand names of their products. There can be many brands of a particular drug. Additive Effect Correct Answer when two drugs with similar action are administered Additive effect BAD example Correct Answer Undesired Effect- Hydralazine & nitroglycerine Additive effect GOOD example Correct Answer Desired effect: Beta blocker & diuretic, aspirin & codeine Synergistic effect Correct Answer when two or more drugs are given together and the combined effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the two. Synergistic effect BAD example Correct Answer Undesired effect- Diazepam & alcohol Synergistic effect GOOD example Correct Answer Desired effect- amoxicillin & clavulanate

requiring. Manufacturing is not standardized. Not approved by the FDA and not meant to be used as a drug. CNS Correct Answer Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System Correct Answer Somatic Vs Autonomic Somatic Correct Answer Mostly Voluntary, Skeletal Muscle Movement Autonomic Correct Answer Mostly involuntary, acts on Smooth Muscles and Glands Autonomic Nervous System Correct Answer Sympathetic (Adrenergic) & Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Sympathetic Correct Answer - norepinephrine

• receptors alpha 1 & 2, Beta 1 & 2
• fight or flight Parasympathetic Correct Answer - acetylcholine
• Receptors: nicotinic, muscarinic
• rest or digest Adrenergics Agonists AKA Correct Answer "Adrenergics", sympathomimetic Adrenergic Agonist Correct Answer Response: Increased BP. Increased HR, Bronchodilation, Increases Blood Sugar, Pupil Dilation, Alertness

Adrenergic Agonist Drugs: Correct Answer Epinephrine (Adrenaline) & Albuterol (asthma/COPD) Beta Blockers (Adrenergic Blocker) Correct Answer specifically block beta receptor sites; also inhibit the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Beta Blocker effects: Correct Answer decreased blood pressure, decrease heart rate, broncoconstriction. Beta Blocker Drugs Correct Answer Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Lopressor), Labetolol - uses to treat hypertension, migraine prophylaxis, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure. Beta Blocker side effects: Correct Answer depression, sexual dysfunction, cool extremities Drugs that PRODUCE a response Correct Answer agonist Drug that PREVENT or block a response Correct Answer antagonist Therapeutic WINDOW is what? Correct Answer level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration

rest and digest bronchospasm agonist S/S Correct Answer increased heart rate fight or flight vasoconstriction increased blood sugar Before administering antagonist what do you check Correct Answer Heart rate Blood Pressure Cholinergic Correct Answer salivate lacrimation urinate deficate decreased weight Anticholinergic Correct Answer Cant see Cant pee Cant spit Cant poop increased heart rate what type of drug is Reglan? Correct Answer Cholinergic how do you treat cholinergic crisis Correct Answer atropine cholinergic crisis S/S Correct Answer flushing sweating

nausea abd cramping anticholinergic drugs are contradicted in who? Correct Answer - coronary artery disease (Increase heart rate)

• GI obstruction (constipates)
• supraventricular tachycardia (increased heart rate) CNS stimulant drugs are contradicted in who? Correct Answer - coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
• Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke) Hemorrhagic stroke Correct Answer - increased B/P
• increased heart rate
• increased respiratory rate
• unresponsive to deep pain Anorexiants can leas to what? Correct Answer 16X greater for stroke Most common side effects of Ritalin Correct Answer - irratability
• insomnia
• weight loss
• decreased appetite Benzodiazapines increase activity to what neurotransmitter Correct Answer GABA Reversal to benzodiazapines Correct Answer flumazenil

what does Depakote treat? Correct Answer - epilepsy

• migraine
• bipolar disorder Benzodiazapines can lead to what? Correct Answer - tolerance
• dependence
• withdrawl Barbituates reversal tx Correct Answer activated charcoal Example of a Barbituates? Correct Answer phenobarbital Cholinergic Agonists: AKA Correct Answer Cholinergic, Parasympathomimetics Direct acting Correct Answer act on receptors to activate a tissue response Indirect acting Correct Answer inhibit the action of the enzyme cholinesterase, permitting ach to persist and attach to the receptor Cholinergic Effects Correct Answer stimulates urination, increases salvation and tear production, increases GI peristalsis Cholinergic drugs: Correct Answer Bethanacol chloride (urecholine), Metoclopramide hcl (Reglan)

Anticholinergics AKA Correct Answer "Cholinergic antagonists", parasympatholytics Anticholinergics Drugs: Correct Answer - Atropine- for bradycardia, reduces salivation, dilates pupils

• Benztropine- Parkinsons
• Telterodine Tartate- decreases urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence Caution when giving anticholinergic medications in patients with: Correct Answer glaucoma, urinary retention Cholinergic crisis and TX Correct Answer OVERLY Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation (treat with atropine) Amphetamines Correct Answer stimulates the release of the norepinephrine and dopamine from the brain and sympathetic nervous system Amphetamines- Common side effects: Correct Answer insomnia, restlessness, nervousness, tremors, irritability, tachycardia, hypertension, weight loss Amphetamines Drugs: Correct Answer Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) ***used to treat ADHD, Narcolepsy ***