RCLS 2601 Final Exam | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS, Exams of Experimental Techniques

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RCLS 2601 Final Exam | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE Defacing property and graffiti are examples of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER Malicious "moral code that provides guidance on good and bad recreation activities" - ANSWER NASH'S PYRAMID "research for the sake of understanding and expanding knowledge on a specific subject" - ANSWER BASIC RESEARCH Women's leisure and day to day activities are examples that would be used in what TYPE OF RESEARCH? - ANSWER Basic Research "research that addresses specific issues or seeks to understand a specific problem" - ANSWER APPLIED RESEARCH Market Research, Program Evaluation, and the Efficacy of an Intervention are examples that would be used in what type of research? - ANSWER Applied Research "type of applied research that researches the quality of performance of programs" - ANSWER EVALUATION RESEARCH ServQual is an example of what type of RESEARCH? - ANSWER Evaluation Research ____________________ asks "Do we get the same answer every time?" - ANSWER RELIABILITY _____________________ asks "Is it the correct answer?" - ANSWER VALIDITY What does NASH'S PYRAMID consider the "worst kind of activities/recreation/leisure?" - ANSWER activities that harm others and harm society Hammurabi's Code, Nash's Pyramid, and the Curtis Scale are three kinds of what? - ANSWER MORAL CODES "type of moral code that is over 3,000 years old" - ANSWER HAMMURABI'S CODE What are the THREE kinds of change that people can use when it comes to leisure as a change agent? - ANSWER 1) Economic 2) Cultural 3) Political "legislation passed that helped start a movement for women's equality ; says that sports, education, and any federally funded program has to serve men and women equally" - ANSWER TITLE 9 Historical roles have said that women spent _______ time in leisure. - ANSWER less Women are under____________ and under______________ in leisure. - ANSWER represented ; privileged "Theory that's associated with classifying different things into categories to better understand people and predict their future actions, which allows us to make sense of human action; shapes our perceptions of people" - ANSWER SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION THEORY What are some ways that SMART GROWTH can help people? - ANSWER 1) Decrease obesity 2) Walkability 3) Destination based travel 4) Preserves open spaces 5) Creates "sense of place" People that are "engaging in activity that is not wholesome, therefore we cannot call it recreation" are engaging in the _____________ _______________ ____ ______________. - ANSWER DARK SIDE OF LEISURE Sports, Movies, and Music are examples of types of activities that can be used as what? - ANSWER Leisure as a Change Agent _____________________ and __________________ ______________ are POSITIVE correlations (+) when it comes to consequences to TV viewing. - ANSWER VIOLENCE and CARDIOVASCULAR RISK "development which meets the needs of the current generations w/o compromising the ability of future generation s to meet their needs" - ANSWER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT "Concept that is bringing people back to the cities; strategic planning" - ANSWER SMART GROWTH "bad behavior" - ANSWER DEVIANCE "attitudes towards the behavior of others that differs from our own view" - ANSWER TOLERANCE "type of deviance associated with different religious beliefs, the supernatural, etc." - ANSWER LEGITIMATE DEVIANCE "type of deviance that is typically dangerous" - ANSWER ILLEGITIMATE DEVIANCE What are the THREE pillars of the Triple Bottom Line? - ANSWER 1) Environmental 2) Economic 3) Social Is SMART GROWTH possible? - ANSWER yes "Theory that says 'the best way to improve the relations amongst groups with conflict is to create personal interaction between different groups of people'" - ANSWER CONFLICT THEORY "Theory that explains how we make sense of human action" - ANSWER SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION THEORY We categorize ourselves based on those around us, which creates what? - ANSWER In and Out Groups "Group of people who traditionally participate in an activity ; dominant group of participants in leisure activities (ex.) football team" - ANSWER IN-GROUP "Group that threaten the traditions and normal standards" - ANSWER OUT GROUP Women, people with disabilities, people of color and the LGBTQ community are all examples of groups that have used... - ANSWER used LEISURE AS A CHANGE AGENT Photo analysis, focus groups and documents are all examples of what type of research? - ANSWER QUALItative Research What type of research is "easy to analyze, but not easy to interpret"? - ANSWER QUANTItative Research Precise questions are associated with which type of research? - ANSWER QUANTItative Research ____________________ research is associated with numbers, while ____________________ research is non-numerical. - ANSWER QUANTITATIVE ; QUALITATIVE Nature of setting, Evidence of other people, and Motivation for participation are all causes of what? - ANSWER Crowding "concept that says that people are more likely to visit somewhere close to them ; 'power of the attraction'" - ANSWER DISTANCE DECAY _________________ _______________ occurs in different rates for different attractions. - ANSWER Distance Decay What are the TWO different names for the dark side of leisure? - ANSWER 1) Taboo Recreation 2) Purple Recreation What are the FOUR types of vandalism? - ANSWER 1) Slovenly 2) No Other Way To Do It 3) Conflict 4) Malicious "type of vandalism associated with an expression of bad manners and carelessness" - ANSWER SLOVENLY Littering is an EXAMPLE of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER Slovenly Sitting on a fence because there is no bench is an EXAMPLE of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER NO OTHER WAY TO DO IT "type of vandalism that's associated with 'doing something logical or natural regardless of the intent of the facility's design'" - ANSWER CONFLICT Social trails are an example of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER Conflict "type of vandalism that is usually due to someone feeling mistreated" - ANSWER MALICIOUS Sleep deprived people have a harder time remebering positive ideas and an easier time remembering negative ideas - Ans - True Men, by a large, are slightly happier than women - Ans - False According to Shawn Achor, which neurochemical both makes people happy and turns on the learning centers in the human brain? - Ans - Dopamin The thalamus is responsible for happiness and positive memories - Ans - False Which image represents a resting brain? - Ans - The left (blue and green pic) Serious leisure is the pursuit of deep satisfaction through amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer activity that interesting that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a (non-work) career centered on acquiring and knowledge an experience - Ans - True Studies show that the bigger issue is pace of life, because most of the free time comes during the week, but is in small incremeners which doesn't allow a person to undertake more satisfying uses of leisure - Ans - True Happier people are more productive - Ans - True Time, activity, and state of mind can assist us in defining ________ - Ans - Leisure Leisure is where social capital is formed - Ans - True According to the video, The National Parks America's Best Idea, it is illegal to shoot the game in national parks. - Ans - True Conservation is the protection of natural resources from human damage - Ans - False Without wise management many leisure expressions will be lost due to the demise of leisure space and space resources - Ans - True Crowding in leisure places is in part determined by the personal characteristics fo the visitors - Ans - True The high line was threatened to be demolished - Ans - True of leisure goods and services is directly related to the personal satisfaction obtained from leisure Accorinding to the required reading, you should check you email each morning to become a high achiever - Ans - False Based on the amount of paid annual leave and paid public holiday standards we can conclude that cultures such as the United States contain biases toward "long hour jobs" - Ans - True Workaholism - Ans - is unhealthy Luckily for us, men and women approach time identically - Ans - False We tend to be at our cognitive best in the early morning (as soon as we awaken) - Ans - False There is no legal reason why any country cannot declare itself to be in whatever time zone it likes - Ans - True Time is the most equally distributed of all our society's resources. We all get exactly the same amount of hours a day to do as we choose - Ans - True According to your text, many studies have demonstrated that when we live according to our circadian clock, we feel better - Ans - True Time used for leisure is shaped by - Ans - All of the choices listed According to the power point slides, cyclical time is: - Ans - All of the choices listed Your circadian rhythms have an affect on the following: - Ans - All of the choices listed There is a concept called Miller time discussed in your chapter - Ans - True For wealthier cultures: - Ans - typically a time famine exists Private leisure organizations are defined as those providing recreation opportunities for: - Ans - Their members An example of a private leisure service agency is military recreation - Ans - False One of the primary goals of the recreational therapy profession is to measure outcomes in evidenced based practice - Ans - True Which of the choices are not a private leisure services organization - Ans - Municipal recreation Commercial leisre service agencies are more likely to be - Ans - offer unique experiences not a part of people everyday leisure expressions As societies become more complex, they become even more reliant on lesure as a tool for solving problems and creating public good - Ans - True Social capital is - Ans - The value of social networks Leisure is sponsered by numerous public, private, and commercail organizations - Ans - True Agencies that provide these services are considered to within the leisure service delivery system - Ans - All of the choices (outdoor recreation cultural arts tourism) Monty is a great example of a leisure resource - Ans - True Which of the following is/are quantitive methods approach(s) used by Leisure Studies reasearchers? - Ans - rating scales and tests Qualitative methods are often used when reasearchers want to generalize research findings to a broader population - Ans - False This term, which helps explain the usefulness of mixed-methods research, indicates that researchers using mixed-methods can examine a phenomena from several different angles - Ans - triangulation This methods used in Leisure Studies relies on deductive reasoning and numerical data: - Ans - Quantitative This research method is unique to Leisure Studies, and it gathers data similar (but not identical) to mixed-method methods research: - Ans - time diary Which of the following is not unique to the Leisure Studies discipline - Ans - Studies on adolescent development Leisure studies is - Ans - a discipline in its own right adn informed by many science disciplines This method used in Leisure Studies research relies on inductive reasoning and uses a variety of data collection methods such as behavioral observations, in depth interviews and conversational analysis - Ans - Qualitative Quantitative methods are often used when researchers need to survey large samples of people - Ans - True Qualitative approaches to Leisure Studies research use all of the following approaches except - Ans - tests Flow theory: - Ans - Sense of ecstasy, greater inner clarity, serenity, hours go by in minutes, get a high from it, intrinsic motivation Distance - Ans - Increases in distance bring decreases in behavior Prole Leisure - Ans - The pastimes of the lowest social or economic classes of people (motorcycling, demolition derbies, bar hopping) Fans: - Ans - Fans experience a sense of catharsis from viewing blows and wrecks and that watching others be aggressive helps people release their own negative emotions Time deepening - Ans - Doing multiple activities at the same time without fully experiencing any of them Temporal displacement - Ans - Altering the timing of events as reaction to adverse changes at a recreation resource Free time surplus - Ans - time sufficiency: amount of free time available to a culture APIE - Ans - assessment planning intervention evaluation Harried Leisure Class - Ans - spending money for leisure, thus spoiling leisure by making us feel frantic Methodology can be described as - ANSWER the discovery of reality through agreement One attempts to learn about the world we live in come from - ANSWER direct experience, tradition, direct personal inquiry, authority (all choices) Pregnant at age 15, Tammy decided to have the baby. Her parents were upset with her decision and threatened to "cut her off" if she did not complete high school. A difficult pregnancy and embarrassment resulted in her dropping out of school. After the baby was born, her parents said that they would raise the baby but that she would have to leave the house. At age 16, Tammy was on her own and without any money or job market skills. An independent variable is a.... - ANSWER variable influencing other variables Which of the following is most clearly a list of variables? - ANSWER occupation, political party preference, birthrate Samantha agreed to participate in a study about use of health care facilities. After completing a questionnaire on her use of various medical facilities, she declined to participate in an interview session. The researchers insisted that since she agreed to participate, she had to participate in the interview session. Which of the following ethical considerations were the researchers most clearly violating? - ANSWER voluntary participation Which of the following views of reality does the statement "Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder" best reflect? - ANSWER the modern view Which of the following is TRUE of quantification? - ANSWER It often makes our observations more explicit. It can make it easier to aggregate data. It can make it easier to summarize data. It opens up the possibility of statistical analysis ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE The two pillars of science are - ANSWER logic and observation Nomothetic explanations - ANSWER seek to explain a class or situations or events Which of the following statements is TRUE? - ANSWER The qualitative approach tends to align with idiographic explanations Which view acknowledges that there is no objective reality, only subjective views? - ANSWER postmodernism Causal reasoning suggest - ANSWER present circumstances cause future circumstances A particular society takes the position that alternative views of reality are legitimate. Which view is this? - ANSWER modern Samantha has concluded that living in a coed residence hall makes residents more androgynous. As she continues her research, she tends to focus on events and situations that fit this pattern. Which error in inquiry is reflected? - ANSWER selective observation Georgette observed a few preschool children at play and saw what she thought was a pattern in all preschool children's play behavior. She committed which error? - ANSWER overgeneralization Van wants to use social science to help him decide if Protestantism is a better religion than Catholicism. As a methodologist, your best response would be: - ANSWER sorry, science cannot settle debates about values Van says that his 48-year-old Catholic uncle will marry his 23-year-old atheist girlfriend next year in order to prove that the social regularity that people tend to marry people like themselves is not accurate. What is your best response as a methodologist? - ANSWER the objection that social regularities could be upset through the conscious will of the actors is not a serious challenge to social science Vanesha wishes to use church attendance as a factor in her study, with the categories "none," "some," and "a lot." Church attendance and the categories are known, respectively, as: - ANSWER variable and attribute Juanita decided to study the differences among students who choose different majors. Everyone in her study, however, has chosen sociology as a major. Which one of the following can be said about her concept of choice of major? - ANSWER one of her variables isn't really a variable because it has only one attribute Joe wished to explain every possible reason why his sister chose to attend State University, including personal, family, school, peer, and other types of influences. What Joe is doing is called - ANSWER an idiographic explanation The distinction between quantitative and qualitative data in social research is essentially the distinction between - ANSWER numerical and non numerical data Nora observed people in her Sunday School for several months and then determined if there was a pattern in the different responses of men and women. Which one of the following approaches is reflected? - ANSWER inductive Makita studied the literature on binge drinking and discovered a pattern between gender and binge drinking that might be logically and theoretically expected. She then did her study of college students and drinking. Which approach is reflected? - ANSWER deductive Barb studied coping mechanisms among first-year students by requiring them to attend a first-year seminar. Which ethical principle was violated? - ANSWER voluntary participation Charley did a study in the lab and he severely berated the subjects when they arrived because he wanted to examine the effect of berating on performance. Several of the subjects became very upset. Which ethical principle was violated? - ANSWER no harm to participants Dorsey wanted to use the results of her research on juvenile delinquents to develop a community program to reduce delinquency. What type of research is reflected in this example? - ANSWER applied Dunn was interested in learning more about the negotiation processes couples use when they argue. He was interested in this for its own sake and had no plans to use the results to help improve couples' lives. What type of research is reflected in this example? - ANSWER pure The attributes of the variable college class level include: - ANSWER first-year, sophomore, junior, senior Which one of the following represents an aggregate of people? - ANSWER a collection of 18-year-old students asked about their voting patterns Bernardo argues that nothing is really real and that what people see is a product of their position in society. Which perspective is reflected? - ANSWER postmodern Igor studied students at his community college and noticed that a slim majority carried no books to class. Then he saw a new set of people in the distance and concluded before seeing them that they would definitely be carrying books to class because someone should do that, especially since he had just seen students without books. Which error in inquiry is reflected? - ANSWER illogical reasoning If you notice two freshmen women in your dorm dressing up excessively to go to class, and assume that ALL freshmen women dress up excessively, you have engaged in - ANSWER overgeneralization When you notice two freshmen women in your form dressing up excessively to attend classes, and assume that ALL freshmen women dress up excessively, AND you therefore choose only to observe those freshmen women who dress up, and disregard those who do not dress up, you have committed the error known as - ANSWER selective observation The study of social science is interested in ______ patterns, and not ______ ones - ANSWER social; individual Ralph conducts an experiment in which he measures aggression in school children at different levels of temperature during recess. The independent and dependent variables are ________________. - ANSWER the levels of temperature; the level of aggression entertainment are not SAE. Examples include calling up a friend on the telephone or watching TV. According to your instructor, people with disabilities have similar risk-taking profiles as people who do not have a disability - Ans - True. People with disabilities have the same risk taking profiles as regular people as long as they have accessibility. Flow occurs when high challenges are matched with high skill levels - Ans - True. Which of the following is NOT a condition of FLOW - Ans - Condition of flow include: activity is challenging and requires skill, action and awareness merge, concentration on the task at hand, loss of self-consciousness, clear goals and feedback, sense of control, transformation of time, and autotelic experience Iso-Ahola's concepts are most similar to those developed by - Ans - Deci and Ryan In Neulinger's paradigm the distinction between leisure and nonleisure is made by - Ans - the amount of perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation involved According to Kelly's theoretical explanation of leisure behavior, relational leisure - Ans - is chosen primarily because of a desire to be with others Demography - Ans - includes such information as age, gender, ethnicity, race, and income Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow is based more on opinion than it is on actual research - Ans - False. Csikszentmihalyi's "autotelic" concept means the same as Neulinger's "intrinsic motivation" idea - Ans - True. Autotelic means an activity with a purpose in itself. When a person forms an emotional attachment to a place it is - Ans - Place Attachment The concept of ________ can be used by leisure entrepreneurs who strive to create environments that will create a sense of place attachment by appealing to visitor's olfactory memories - Ans - smellscape Increases in distance bringing about decreases in most forms of leisure behavior is called - Ans - distance decay Today's Leave No Trace program partners with federal land agencies such as the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, and the US Fishery and Wildlife Service. - Ans - True. Which of the following best describes what Russell refers to as "parking rangers" - Ans - park rangers who deal with the problem of crowding The management strategy which was initially used for managing wildlife and range animals - Ans - Carrying Capacity Ray Oldenburg (1989) refers to the home as the first place and work as the second place - Ans - True. Strong leisure place attachments contribute to our self-identity - Ans - True. A local tavern is considered a "great good place" - Ans - True. (Oldenburg) Wilderness areas are protected from human impact - Ans - True.