RCLS Final| ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A |, Exams of Experimental Techniques

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RCLS Final | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE Research designed to judge the quality and performance of programs and services is referred to as: - Ans - qualitative/applied Reliability vs. Validity: Results of a study are considered to be reliable when researchers determine that the data collected are related to the exact phenomena under study. - Ans - false When time and resources are limited, qualitative data is faster to collect and easier to analyze - Ans - false Qualitative research is based on a numerical approach to data collection and analysis - Ans - false Which of the following is a theory developed specifically by the leisure field? - Ans - arousal/engagement, evidence-based benefits, constraints and barriers, serious leisure and specialization, place attachment/place bonding, active leisure Which of the following is a type of qualitative data collection? - Ans - semi-structured interviews, grounded theory, focus groups, behavioral observations, conservational analysis, photo analysis, hermeneutic analysis Qualitative research often asks the question: "why?" - Ans - true Statistical techniques are just as useful with data that involves words, images, artifacts, sounds or documents - Ans - false This type of vandalism occurs from doing what is most logical and natural, regardless of the intent of a facility's design - Ans - conflict vandalism According to Nash's pyramid the worst types of behaviors were those that: - Ans - harm society While against the law, this type of tolerance is not considered a big deal, even by law enforcement. - Ans - criminal Our attitude towards the behavior of others that differs from our own is referred to as: - Ans - tolerance This kind of vandalism typically results from people feeling mistreated - Ans - malicious There are three criteria in the legal definition of gambling - Ans - consideration, chance, prize Which of the following is another word name for "the Dark Side of Leisure"? - Ans - taboo recreation, purple recreation What is one way of negotiating some of the leisure constraints people with disabilities face? - Ans - adapted sports Technological advances brought music from performance halls to individual listening and therefore have lessened their impact as resistance - Ans - false A dominant group of people who participate in a particular activity is referred to as: - Ans - in group??? "Actions or processes that challenge constraints or challenge forms of oppression imposed by powerful others" is referred to as: - Ans - resistance This is the fastest growing segment of the leisure industry - Ans - tourism and commercial recreation The Ancient Greeks used this period of non-work time afforded freedom and choices not available in work: - Ans - schole Goodale mentions all of the following - Ans - Aristotlean view of leisure is not really practical with modern reality, we purchase things on credit which discounts our time & feel hurried, & we have demonized work (work & leisure can co-exist) Leisure legacy from Ancient Greece According to Stuart Brown's Ted Talk, Collective Play is: - Ans - important for groups to gain a sense of safety through sharing of play signals Onlooker play is when: - Ans - child takes interest in other children's play but does not join in. may ask questions or just talk to other children but main activity is to watch A person functioning from this viewpoint works in order to make money to meet needs and wants. - Ans - pessimistic The view of the relationship between work and leisure which states that work and leisure are both rewarding and satisfying human endeavors is called the: - Ans - optimistic perspective __________________________ refers to the pursuit and acquisition of material goods. This practice is theorized as a means for demonstrating one's wealth. - Ans - conspicuous consumption This perspective states that there is no real relationship between work and leisure because these two domains are not necessarily related to each other. - Ans - neutral ____________________________ refers to mass consumerism of the lower classes in an effort to mimic or copy those spending habits of the wealthy. - Ans - pecuniary emulation ___________________ explains a work-leisure association that is a negative relationship. In other words, our work and leisure are very different from each other, and leisure may make up for unfulfilled needs presented in the workplace. - Ans - need satisfaction Today's Americans' strong beliefs in values related to work ethic, productivity, the importance of being busy, and seeing leisure a time left over, are most strongly related to which time period in the history of Western Civilization? - Ans - Protestant work ethic/industrial revolution Compressed time refers to when: - Ans - when time seems to fly by. compression typically occurs when we choose our activities freely In terms of time-deepening, going to a drive thru restaurant is an example of: - Ans - speed up a given work/leisure activity Time deepening occurs when we use our time in more meaningful ways - reflecting and engaging in intellectual pursuits - Ans - false Someone who is biased towards viewing the present in light of a generally unhappy/negative view of the past is considered to hold which perspective? - Ans - past-negative Time laxity refers to when: - Ans - opposite of time scarcity-having a lot of time with minimal challenging tasks Protracted duration refers to when: - Ans - time seems to pass slowly. boredom or total absorption in an activity Someone who is biased to think about the present in light of a helpless attitude towards life related to an external locus of control is considered to hold which perspective? - Ans - present-fatalistic In biocultural evolution, selection refers to: - Ans - how do we select certain memes or trends? why do they stay relevant? A cultural elements passed from one person to the next is considered: - Ans - meme According to Pew Research Center, what percent of millennials get their news from facebook? - Ans - 61% In biocultural evolution, transmission refers to: - Ans - memes are passed from person to person through generations. school, religions, governments Local pastimes shared through direct, oral communication such as jokes, urban legends, children's games are common examples of: - Ans - folk culture A short-lived, wildly popular phenomenon is considered: - Ans - trend Trends are often dependent on the tastes of the youth. Why? - Ans - time, disposable income, willingness to try new things, desire to re-make, rejection of the old Over 25% of our free time is spent consuming/using things related to pop - Ans - true When you register a participant, would you use Rectrac or Doodlepoll? - Ans - Rectrac Software. List three benefits of partnerships. - Ans - 1. Stretching existing resources 2. Reducing duplication of services 3. Heightening organization credibility Steps of the preceed/proceed model. - Ans - 1. social assessment 2. epidemiological assessment 3. behavioral and environmental assessment 4. educational and ecological assessment 5. administrative and policy assessment 6. implementation 7. process evaluation 8. impact evaluation 9. outcome evaluation When it comes to hygene factors in the Hertzberg model, does it make someone happy or unhappy - Ans - unhappy What does GPS stand for? - Ans - Global positioning system What is the document that outlines and contributes to health of the nation, this document is called what? - Ans - Healthy living 2020 What does GIS stand for - Ans - Geographical Information system. What type of leadership requires the needs of others and puts them before your own? - Ans - servant leadership . What program allows you to schedule meetings, Active Network or Signup Genius? - Ans - Signup Genius. True or False- Volunteers are required to be covered with a risk management plan. - Ans - True What is one condition where a waiver will not be held accountable? - Ans - Describe one of the priorities focused in the document Healthy Living 2020: - Ans - Environmental List 2 categories of financial risk under risk management. - Ans - Describe the most challenging severity of injury: - Ans - Death What leadership model focuses on employee motivation and skill set? - Ans - Performance Diagnosis Model leadership model - Ans - Inclusion, ethical decision, process A group of individuals born during the same time period is known as a: - ANSWER Cohort This social movement aims to challenge the epidemic of overworking and over- scheduling that riddles many American adults looking for a work-life balance: - ANSWER Take Back Time Movement Giving back is central to this stage of life - ANSWER Older Adulthood When parents introduce children to organized sports and other types of family leisure, we say that children are being - ANSWER ? According to Bronfenbrenner, this sphere of influence or developmental system is the interaction between interpersonal groups closest to us such as families, peers, school, and church: - ANSWER Mesosystems Methodology can be described as - Ans - the discovery of reality through agreement One attempts to learn about the world we live in come from - Ans - direct experience, tradition, direct personal inquiry, authority (all choices) Pregnant at age 15, Tammy decided to have the baby. Her parents were upset with her decision and threatened to "cut her off" if she did not complete high school. A difficult pregnancy and embarrassment resulted in her dropping out of school. After the baby was born, her parents said that they would raise the baby but that she would have to leave the house. At age 16, Tammy was on her own and without any money or job market skills. She began to work as a prostitute. This explanation of Tammy's prostitution is: - Ans - idiographic Which of the following is FALSE concerning the use of tradition in inquiry? - Ans - -It helps avoid the task of starting from scratch in our search for regularities -it demonstrates that knowledge is cumulative -the jumping-off part for the development of knowledge is often the inherited body of information -it enables us to seek a different understanding of what we all know to be true Today, social scientific theory addresses - Ans - how things are Which of the following would a sociologist be LEAST likely to study? - Ans - Why Mr. Smith quit his job Using data collected between 1957 and 1978, from 15 samples of adults, Professor Rodgers (1982 Social Forces) found that (1) the average level of happiness reported by people under 65 years of age declined from 1957 to 1970. For this same group, the average level of happiness increased slightly from 1970 to 1978. (2) The average level of happiness reported by people age 65 and older increased from 1957 to 1978. A (The) variable(s) in this study is(are) - Ans - age Assume that Professor Rodgers from the previous question had studied only three people aged 65 or older. Suppose he concluded that people under 65 years of age also experienced increasing levels of happiness from 1957 to 1970. He would have committed - Ans - the error of overgeneralization The statement "Knowledge for knowledge's sake" describes: - Ans - pure research A study reported in American Sociological Review (1994) was entitled "Race Differences in Sexual Activity Among Adolescent Women." The independent variable was probably - Ans - race Which of the following does NOT suggest the misuse of authority? - Ans - -Popular athletes who discuss the nutritional value of cereals on TV commercials, -Movie stars who are paid to evaluate the taste of different coffee brands at supermarket openings. -Social scientists who discuss inequality in their classrooms. -Political figures, without any medical expertise, who argue that marijuana can "fry your brain" ALL OF THESE MISUSE AUTHORITY One of your friends scored in the 90s on her last ten exams. Although she has been studying for this exam and feels prepared, she told you, "I know I'm going to flunk this exam. I've been doing too well on exams." Your friend is committing the error of - Ans - illogical reasoning Some people claim that social scientists merely document the obvious. How might a social scientist respond to this claim? - Ans - -What appears obvious may be incorrect. -What appears obvious may not have been, before the findings of the social scientist were reported. -People may know something is so, without knowing why it is so—social science aims at both tasks. -It is important to test things that everyone already knew—they could be wrong. ALL OF THESE ARE RESPONSES TO THE CLAIM After examining divorce court records, Jenny concludes that moms are more likely than dads to obtain custody of their children. This statement is: - Ans - nomothetic and probabilistic Which of the following is NOT an aim of social science? - Ans - judging social values, predicting social phenomena, understanding social regularities, explaining social regularities ALL OF THESE ARE AIMS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Sally begins to think about the grades she receives for class participation. Recalling her prior semester she writes down that she received a 10/10 from Ms. Smith and a 9/10 from Ms. Baxter, 4/10 from Mr. Cagney, 3/10 from Mr. Wiley and 10/10 from Ms. Dona. Examining the list she realizes that she spoke a lot in classes with Smith, Baxter and Dona and very little in her other two classes. She also notices that the classes in which she spoke have female instructors and that she rarely spoke in the two classes with male instructors. She then begins to list all her college courses, the gender of the professor and whether or not she spoke in class. She notices that she tends to speak in classes where the instructor is female and rarely speaks when the instructor is male and that her class participation grades are higher when she speaks more. Sally is using - Ans - inductive reasoning Safeguards against error in social research include - Ans - making observations more deliberate, replications under slightly varying circumstances, the use of simple and complex measurement devices, totally independent replications by other researchers ALL OF THESE CHOICES ARE SAFEGUARDS AGAINST ERROR In comparison to nonscientific inquiry, scientific inquiry... - Ans - takes special precaution to avoid error An independent variable is a.... - Ans - variable influencing other variables Which of the following is most clearly a list of variables? - Ans - occupation, political party preference, birthrate Samantha agreed to participate in a study about use of health care facilities. After completing a questionnaire on her use of various medical facilities, she declined to participate in an interview session. The researchers insisted that since she agreed to participate, she had to participate in the interview session. Which of the following ethical considerations were the researchers most clearly violating? - Ans - voluntary participation Which of the following views of reality does the statement "Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder" best reflect? - Ans - the modern view Which of the following is TRUE of quantification? - Ans - It often makes our observations more explicit. It can make it easier to aggregate data. It can make it easier to summarize data. seeing them that they would definitely be carrying books to class because someone should do that, especially since he had just seen students without books. Which error in inquiry is reflected? - Ans - illogical reasoning If you notice two freshmen women in your dorm dressing up excessively to go to class, and assume that ALL freshmen women dress up excessively, you have engaged in - Ans - overgeneralization When you notice two freshmen women in your form dressing up excessively to attend classes, and assume that ALL freshmen women dress up excessively, AND you therefore choose only to observe those freshmen women who dress up, and disregard those who do not dress up, you have committed the error known as - Ans - selective observation The study of social science is interested in ______ patterns, and not ______ ones - Ans - social; individual Ralph conducts an experiment in which he measures aggression in school children at different levels of temperature during recess. The independent and dependent variables are ________________. - Ans - the levels of temperature; the level of aggression In any given study, gender is a(n) ________, whereas being male or female is a(n)____ - Ans - variable Scientific ________ deals with the logical aspect of science, whereas _________ deals with the observational aspect. - Ans - theory; data collection When individuals rely on their own experiences as a basis for knowledge about the world, they are using - Ans - personal inquiry Jason reads in his local newspaper that the juvenile delinquency rates in his county have skyrocketed in the past year. He is fascinated by those statistics and decides to research the causes of juvenile delinquency. If Jason chooses to conduct a research study that includes as many delinquent participants as possible, he is searching for the _________ explanation for delinquency. - Ans - nomothetic If Jason chooses instead to extensively interview his cousin, Bob, who is a juvenile delinquent about why he chose to commit delinquent acts, Jason is searching for the ________ explanation for delinquency. - Ans - idiographic A __________ approach seems more aligned with idiographic explanations, while nomothetic explanations are more easily achieved through a _________ approach. - Ans - qualitative; quantitative meaning of leisure for Ancient Romans - Ans - they believed you earn the right to leisure after a day of work. refreshes you for more work, meaning of leisure for Ancient Greeks - Ans - viewed leisure as non-work, and the highest form was seeking knowledge. has no purpose or end goal (like playing music). downsides: restricted to males and made slaves do the work so they could have leisure time history of social class - Ans - Schole and ascholia views - Ans - schole: choice and leisure, non-work. ascholia: non leisure (slaves, women, non Greeks because they were busy doing the labor) what is the Goodale view of leisure? - Ans - -The Aristotlean view of leisure is out of touch with today's realities -Increasingly people experience shortened "time horizons" -We pit work against leisure - when in fact they should be congruent what are Goodale's suggestions for making leisure matter? - Ans - he suggests: -making work matter (it should offer fulfillment in leisure) -staying out of debt -consider volunteering, give away your time to help enrich the lives of others leisure as free time - Ans - time free from the obligation of work and existence. not all people who are free from work have leisure leisure as recreational activity - Ans - refresh or recreate yourself, fun, good for you, social, extrinsic what are some jobs and sub-field that correspond with leisure? - Ans - -nonprofit and community recreation -outdoor and resource-based recreation -recreational therapy -therapeutic recreation -tourism and hospitality play theories: surplus energy - Ans - play helps burn up excess energy, but this doesn't explain why we engage in non-physical play play theories: preparation - Ans - helps us prepare for roles in adult life, like playing house. but doesn't explain why adults play play theories: relaxation - Ans - recuperation, doesn't explain why some work resembles play play theories: catharsis - Ans - play can be used to let off emotional steam, punching bag, screaming in celebration play theories: behavioristic - Ans - we continue to play because what we're doing is pleasing to us play theories: arousal seeking - Ans - people play in order to find challenge or arousal, experience flow play theories: competence-effectance - Ans - we play to feel competent and effective. (child will play with her dolls as a teacher plays with her) relational leisure - Ans - experiences that are freely chosen for the desire of being with other people serious leisure - Ans - 1. Personal effort and skill development 2. Benefits and rewards 3. Occasional need to persevere 4. Creates a social world for participants 5. Availability of a career 6. Part of an attractive personal and social identity recuperative leisure - Ans - experiences are chosen to make up for some deficit or lose. purpose of this leisure is to rest, relax, or restore. Aristotle- Eudaimonia - Ans - -(Happiness) Aristotle described this as the highest of all practicable goods, living well, and doing well. -Ability to choose and engage in worthy pursuits. -Worthy pursuits involve moral action and intrinsic satisfaction. perceived freedom - Ans - person perceives that they are free from obligation and perceive that they are free to choose what they want to do. freedom FROM and freedom TO generational cohorts - Ans - individuals born during the same time period. silent gen, baby boomers, gen x, millennials developmental cohorts - Ans - childhood: learn motor skills and grow, learn peer relationships through play adolescence: individualism, establish identity, distance from family adulthood: physical peak, high risk activities, mates, families older adult: seek to give back what they've learned