Reviewer of Reading and Writing Subject, Study notes of English

Download Reviewer of Reading and Writing Subject and more Study notes English in PDF only on Docsity! Lesson 1 :Text as a Connected Discourse Text - written material; has meaning; made up of sentences; expresses a set of meaning. Discourse - written or spoken communication, expression of thought(s) on a subject. Text Discourse sentences• utterances• agent is not crucial• agent is crucial• non-interactive• interactive• cohesion• coherence• Characteristics of Text Cohesion 1. The parts are connected- Use of conjunctions (and, but, if, because)- Coherence2. The overall text has a meaning- Use of cohesive devices (furthermore, additionally)- Intentionality3. writes attitude and purpose can be discerned - Acceptability4. Recognized or how factual the pieces of information are- facts; basis- Informativity5. gaining new information- new info; new knowledge- Situationality 6. culturally appropriate- text should not be offensive- Intertextuality 7. text can be linked to preceding discourse; idea that text exists because of another text or an event - Cohesion Coherence sentence level• paragraph level• structural elements• unity of ideas• Lesson 2 : Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information Brainstorming▪ Graphic Organizer▪ Topic Outline▪ Sentence Outline▪ Brainstorming gathering a list of ideas spontaneously- technique of collecting ideas and determining which idea is most likely to succeed- Word Storm - writing down the words that come to mind when you see another word1. - categories Word Association - you don't group according to how the words are related to each other 2. - no categories Mind Mapping - visually organize data ; draw, images, symbols3. Reading and Writing Saturday, 1 April 2023 7:13 pm New Section 1 Page 1 Word Banks - collections of words based on the kind of word you need based on a specific topic or theme 4. - synonyms Graphic Organizer visual display that shows or demonstrates relationships between facts, concepts, or ideas- Venn Diagram - two or more overlapping circles➢ Network Tree - represent hierarchy, classification, family trees; organizational chart➢ Spider Map - semantic map➢ Problem-Solution Map - nature of the problem and solution➢ Timeline - show how the events occurred chronologically➢ Plot Diagram - map events in the story➢ Chain Diagram - logical sequence of events➢ Fishbone Map - understand casual relationship showing the cause and result/effect or problem ➢ Cycle - events interact to produce a set of results repeatedly➢ Persuasion Map - map out argument and evidence➢ Outlining / Outline is a blueprint/plan for your research paper- Principles of Outlining Coordination - requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled the same way* Subordination - shows that minor details have to be placed under their respective major details * Division - requires that no cluster should contain only one item* Parallel Construction - requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and format * 2 Kinds of Outlines Sentence Outline i. uses complete sentences; expanded outline➢ Topic Outlineii. words; phrases➢ Alphanumeric Outline Decimal Outline Steps in Creating an Outline Brainstorming - listing ideas1. Organizing - group all related ideas together2. Ordering - arrange it from general to specific3. Labeling - creating main ideas and subheadings4. Lesson 3 : Patterns of Development / Text Structures Text Structure - refers to how information is organized in a passage by using different forms and standards of composition for a variety of purposes. Purposes and Advantages Aid to comprehend the purpose of the writing▫ Helps to pinpoint information being searched without difficulty▫ Helps develop a common understanding about how to communicate successfully in different situations▫ Lesson 3.1 Narration Narrative - tells a story - goal: to entertain Narration - action/process of narrating a story - sharing of personal experiences that offers lessons /insights Elements of a Story Setting – time and location which a story takes placei. Characters – significant part of the story ; PROTAGONIST & ANTAGONISTii. Plot – logical series of events iii. a. Exposition - characters and setting are revealed b. Rising Action - it is where the events in the story become complicated; conflict is exposed c. Climax - highest point of interest d. Falling Action - complications begin to resolve themselves e. Denouement - final RESOLUTION of the plot in the story iv. Point of View – perspective of the writer in narrating the story a. First Person POV - story is told by the protagonist; I, ME, WE b. Second Person POV - the author tells the story; YOU, YOURS, YOUR c. Third Person POV - the narrator is not part of the story but describes the events that happen; HE, HIM, HER New Section 1 Page 2