RNFA Mid-Term & Final Exam Practice Exam and Study Guide: 150 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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RNFA MID-TERM & FINAL EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM ANDSTUDY

GUIDE ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025

Audible facial nerve monitors (NIMS) are used intraoperatively during procedures in which the facial nerve is at risk for injury. Why is communication with the anesthesia provider important when assisting in procedures involve the facial nerve? - answer-muscle relaxants, paralyzing agents, and some local anesthetics must be avoided. A portion of a parathyroid gland must remain for which of the following reasons? - answer-prevent hypocalcemia and its complications. There are several risk factors associated with dehiscence. Which of the following can be controlled by the RNFA? - answer-Sutures placed too close together The major arterial blood supply to the descending colon is provided by which of the following? - answer- Left Colic Artery Josh Tremain, a 28 - year-old firefighter, sustained significant full-thickness burns when he fell through the roof of a burning building while fighting an explosive fire. What surgical treatments may Josh need? - answer-Debridement and monitoring of full-thickness skin regeneration Marissa Walton is transferred to the OR from the burn unit for debridement of the partial-thickness burn areas and a dressing change under anesthesia. What important preparation for the procedure should be performed before Marissa arrives in the OR? - answer-Prewarm the OR to above the ambient high temperature for an adult. The colon wall has five distinct layers that include which of the following? - answer-Mucosa Before reaching the rectus abdominis muscle during surgical exposure, the surgeon must first progress through which of the following? - answer-Preperitoneal fat

Identify the triad of anatomic sites of abdominal wall weakness with a potential for hernias. - answer- Inguinal canal, femoral rings, umbilicus What technologic characteristic of robotic surgery provides a superior indication for robotic-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy? - answer-The magnified three-dimensional picture may reduce bile duct injuries during dissection. Which of the following supplies blood to the transverse colon? - answer-Middle colic artery Which of the following is a "triangle" anatomic landmark in surgical removal of the gallbladder, and may be remembered by the 3C's: cystic duct, common hepatic duct and cystic artery? - answer-Calots Describe the internal inguinal ring - answer-A natural opening in the transversalis fascia The primary function of the gallbladder is to: - answer-store and concentrate bile Umbilical hernias occur in adults as a result of a defect in the - answer-Linea Alba Potential development of a direct inguinal hernia results from weakness or tearing of both the and. - answer-Aponeurosis of transversus abdominus and transversalis fascia Which structure supports the uterus and contains the uterine artery and vein? - answer-Cardinal Ligaments An orchiopexy is the surgical placement and fixation of the testicle in a normal anatomic position in the scrotal sac. If the testis fails to descend into the scrotum during gestation, it is considered undescended. Which statement regarding indications for orchiopexy is true? - answer-All testes that are undescended after 1 year require surgical placement in the scrotum. Chose the correct statement regarding the trigone of the bladder - answer-forms the base of the bladder

Damage to this area of the brain is often devastating and life-threatening because it can affect movement, senses, consciousness, perception, and cognition. Choose the correct answer from the following. - answer-Brainstem What is the term for the bloodless plane that contains loose areolar tissue and permits mobility of the scalp? - answer-Subgaleal space The brainstem consists of what three structures? - answer-Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata The IXth cranial nerve provides which of the following? - answer-taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue Suction applied directly to neural tissue can be harmful To prevent tissue damage, a should be placed between the neural tissue and the suction tip. - answer-Cottonnoid Changes to the elderly person's skeleton can present challenges to the intraoperative team. In terms of additional attention and care, what intervention can the intraoperative team provide? - answer-Position the patient using appropriate padding and joint protection devices. An important aspect to bone healing that is preserved through intramedullary reaming is which of the following? - answer-Maintenance of fracture hematoma Which of the following is a complication of patellectomy? - answer-Reduced knee extension Which of the following is not included in the terrible triad? - answer-PCL Tear The rotator cuff consists of which group of muscles? - answer-Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis Which of the following regarding PMMA ( bone cement) is not an affect local tissue? - answer-Skin burns due to exothermic reaction

Infants and children with severe gastroesophageal (GE) reflux can have life-threatening complications, including obstructive apnea, aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, and failure to thrive. What is the name of the procedure, performed open or laparoscopically, that is designed to create a competent antireflux barrier? - answer-Nissen fundoplication Your 12-year-old patient is scheduled for a laparoscopic hernia repair. During the preoperative assessment, the RNFA notes mild myotonia congenita. Themmother states that she is worried about anesthesia because her husband's brother died many years ago when he became very feverish during surgery and they could not cool him. The RNFA's appropriate risk reduction strategy in this situation would be to: - answer-perform a careful assessment of family history to identify risk for developing malignant hyperthermia (MH) A patient presents to the OR with an injury to the anterior chest from blunt force trauma. The RNFA can expect damage to which of the following areas? - answer-Right Ventricle Which of the following is a contraindication to using autotransfusion as a blood replacement source? - answer-Blood contaminated with food, bowel contents, or antibiotic irrigation You examine a comatose patient in the emergency room. His wife relates that her husband was struck accidentally in his "temple" by a baseball. After an initial period of unconsciousness, he seemed to be okay but later became drowsy and comatose. You suspect that the patient is suffering from: - answer-An Epidural hematoma If the injury to the patient is a result of a violent crime, the team must give special attention to preservation of evidence during the course of patient care. When clothing is removed from the patient, why must it be placed and secured in a paper bag rather than a plastic bag? - answer-Plastic bags may trap moisture and allow mold growth, destroying evidence. During a MIS hysterectomy, this ligament is divided when an oophorectomy is included in the procedure: - answer-Infundibulopelvic During a THA using the posterior lateral approach, the RNFA will dislocate the head of the femur using: - answer-Flexion, adduction, external rotation

An elevation of which lab values is indicative of acute pancreatitis resulting from a blockage in the Ampulla of Vater? - answer-Amylase, lipase There are disease processes that cause aortic aneurysms to develop. Which of the following is not noted within this list of causative disease processes? - answer-Rheumatic Fever Which of the following is contained within the carotid sheath? - answer-Vagus Nerve Inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands may result in: - answer-Hypocalcemia Identify the fascia which is an extension of the internal oblique muscle and covers the spermatic cord. - answer-Cremaster When preoperatively assessing a patient for cardiac surgery, the RNFA should consider all of the following except: - answer-RBC Which of the following is included in the breast's sensory nerve supply? - answer-Cervical Plexus Pre-op markings to determine nipple positioning for reduction mammoplasty will be drawn on the patient's chest. - answer-While sitting upright Aneurysms may be caused by atherosclerosis, trauma, infection, or cystic medial degeneration. What presenting conditions will indicate that surgical intervention is necessary? - answer-Compromised circulation or danger of rupture Which of the following is the first major branch of the internal carotid artery? - answer-Opthalmic artery Identify the venous structure that prevents blood backflow. - answer-Semilunar intimal folds The blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Where does the blood flow after leaving the left atrium? - answer-Through the mitral valve into the left ventricle

Select the structure of the trachea that is a landmark during bronchoscopy. - answer-Carina During a stapedotomy, it is important to save which of the following nerves that control taste on the anterior 2/3's of the tongue? - answer-Chorda tympani nerve Skin grafting provides an effective way to cover a wound if vascularity is adequate, infection is absent, and hemostasis is achieved. Skin from the donor site is detached from its blood supply and placed in the recipient site. The best description of a successful skin graft outcome is: - answer-the recipient site develops a new blood supply from the base of the wound. The most common complication of Meckel's diverticulum is: - answer-GI Bleeding Which of the following is not a reason to convert a case from laparoscopic to an open abdominal case? - answer-Lack of warmer for insufflation gas The absence of distinct teniae serves as a visual landmark for what abdominal structure? - answer- Upper margin of the rectum What structures are located in the inguinal canal? - answer-Spermatic cord / Round ligament The teniae coli consist of how many longitudinal bands of muscle.along the length of the colon? - answer- 3 A benefit to the patient undergoing SILS procedure which of the following? - answer-Less postoperative pain The incision used specifically for an open appendectomy is known as: - answer-McBurney The patient is placed in what position for open cholecystectomy? - answer-Supine

From the following, which is a possible benefit to the paramedian incision? - answer-decreased risk for hernia Which of the following is the most common non-emergent abdominal surgery in the U.S.? - answer- Cholecystectomy Closed thoracostomy will require which of the following? - answer-chest catheters and water-seal drainage Fibrous bands of tissue found between abdominal structures that are not normally connected are known as: - answer-Adhesions The mesh-plug open hernia repair technique is indicated for which type(s) of hernias? - answer- Recurrent Indirect inguinal hernias During robotic hysterectomy, the patient is placed in steep trendelenburg position. Which of the following is complication that can result from extended surgical time when the patient is in steep trendelenburg? - answer-increased intracranial pressure The pelvic floor consists of which muscle groups? - answer-Levator ani and coccygeal muscles The ovarian artery is a branch of which vessel? - answer-Aorta The innermost membrane of of the brain is known as: - answer-Pia Mater Pressure against which cranial nerve accounts for pupillary dilation when temporal lobe herniation is present? - answer-Cranial Nerve III Identify the dura fold that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - answer-Falx cerebri The trigeminal nerve provides motor innervation to which muscle group? - answer-Muscle of mastication

Primary divisions of a nerve are known as: - answer-Rami Surgeons use open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) when they are unable to reduce a fracture using closed reduction and skeletal traction is not indicated. What would be an advantage for an open rather than a closed reduction technique? - answer-Direct observation and verification of fracture alignment During a total hip arthroplasty, the instrument used to access the femoral canal is the. - answer- Box osteotome The use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, or bone cement) can result in adverse patient reactions. Which of the following is considered an adverse patient reaction? - answer-Transient hypotension The connective tissue that covers all bone and supplies nutrients is known as. - answer- Periosteum An example of an amphiarthrotic joint includes: - answer-ntervertebral joints The toddler uses symbols and engages in creative play. Toddlers are beginning to develop free will and control over their bodies. Which of the interventions below is age-appropriate for toddlers? - answer- Give only simple choices and involve them in actions when possible. The immature blood-brain barrier and decreased protein binding in infants increase their sensitivity to which group of drugs? - answer-Opioids and hypnotics Once cervical spine precautions are implemented and a cervical collar is applied, what event needs to take place before the team removes the cervical collar and continues care? - answer-A cervical radiograph is obtained to rule out injury to the neck Your patient is unresponsive to treatment methods used to reduce layrngospasm. Anesthesia is notified and administers which of the following medications - answer-succinylcholine

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is commonly used to assess patients with brain injury using three indicators of cerebral function: eye opening, verbal communication, and motor response to verbal and noxious stimuli. Within the scoring range for the GCS, the best possible score is and the worst possible score is. - answer-15: A 36 year old trauma patient is rushed to the OR with multiple penetrating gunshot and knife wounds to the abdomen. He is bleeding profusely. What appropriate action is critical in the rapid preparation of this patient for surgery? - answer-Prep the patient from the suprasternal notch to the mid-thigh. he RNFA should be prepared to assist with the surgical procedure if a patient needs surgical intervention for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. - answer-Maze Physicians must consider which of the following options when determining the best treatment option for breast cancer surgery. - answer-Size of Tumor There are main coronary arteries which originate in the. - answer-2, sinuses of Valsalva Of the nerves that are associated with the thyroid gland, which one can be affected by compression resulting from an enlarged left atrium? - answer-Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Another name for the left colic flexure is. - answer-splenic flexure The ligament that connects the laminae of the spine is known as: - answer-Ligamentum Flavum Of the following, which is not included in the 5 P's of compartment syndrome? - answer-Pulses Hesselbach triangle describes the location of the hernia. Which of the following structures compromise the medial border of the triangle? - answer-Lateral edge of the rectus abdominus muscle Nipple discharge is more commonly associated with benign breast lesions than with cancer; however, discharge is usually significant only if it is spontaneous, persistent, and: - answer-Bloody

Select the statement that best describes fine needle aspiration of a suspicious breast mass. - answer-The aspirate fluid is cytologically examined Velour grafts are impregnated which of the following to ease handling without the need to preclot? - answer-Gelatin Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), which account for most aneurysms, occur primarily in what area? - answer-between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation The internal mammary arteries are frequently used as grafts during coronary bypass surgery. Where are they located? - answer-They branch from the subclavian arteries An interventional radiology procedure used to open a blocked or narrowed blood vessel as a result of atherosclerosis is a(n): - answer-Angioplasty Select the procedure that is designed for the relief of pharyngeal obstruction. - answer-Tonsillectomy The supraglottis, glottis, and the subglottis represent three portions of which structure of the throat? - answer-Larynx In renal transplantation a kidney with artery(ies) is preferred. - answer-Single The phrenic nerve innervates which structure? - answer-The Diaphragm Select the statement that best reflects the functional components of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. - answer-The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus. The gastric veins drain into which vein? - answer-Portal Vein The transverse colon ends at the. - answer-splenic flexure

Select the triad of the boundaries of the Hesselbach triangle. - answer-Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis muscle, deep epigastric vessels Blood supply to the jejunum and the ileum come entirely from branches of the: - answer-Superior mesenteric artery An indication for liver transplantation would be: - answer-Primary Hepatic Cancer Which nodes in the lymphatic system are responsible for drainage from the mouth, lips, and external nose? - answer-Submandibular The most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ in blunt trauma is the: - answer-Spleen James Romano, a 68-year-old retired school teacher, presents for surgical intervention of recently diagnosed bladder cancer. He states the cancer is located in the urothelial layer. As the RNFA, you realize this is layer of the bladder - answer-Inner The liver, pancreas, and spleen share many similarities. Select the statement about these organs that is true. - answer-All three are solid organs and very vascular The kidneys are highly vascular organs. Approximately how much of the entire circulating blood volume do the kidneys process at any one time? - answer-One fifth While removing a cancerous testis, the surgeon will typically initiate the incision in which of the following locations? - answer-just above the internal ring Which of the following describes a hydrocele? - answer-It refers to excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum What is commonly used to retract the spermatic cord to repair defects in the floor and internal ring of the inguinal canal? - answer-Penrose Drain

There are 8 bones that form the cranial cavity. Four of the bones are paired and four are singular. Choose the correct list of singular bones from the following. - answer-Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital A tear to the middle meningeal artery, often caused by a blow to the head, results in the formation of a hematoma. - answer-Epidural The production of CSF occurs where? - answer-Choroid plexus of the ventricles Commonly implicated in SAH, the vessels of the Circle of Willis include: - answer-Posterior communicating artery Which of the following is true regarding CSF in the brain? - answer-The fluid does not play a significant role in supplying nutrition to the structures it bathes Of the following, which is not a symptom of compartment syndrome? - answer-Moderate Pain Replantation is an attempt to reattach a completely amputated digit or other body part. Good candidates for replantation are those with the following amputations: - answer-almost any body part of a child. Bone graft that is sealed in a sterile labeled envelope from a tissue transplant company and stored in a vacuum-sealed freezer and monitored with an alarm would be considered a/an: - answer-Allograft A herniated disc most commonly occurs in which section of the vertebral column? - answer-Lumbar After retracting the nerve roots during a laminectomy, this structure is incised before getting to the disc.

• answer-Posterior longitudinal ligament Femoral neck fractures are more common in women than men for which of the following reasons? - answer-Osteoporosis

Which of the following is the instrument of choice in removing a foreign body from an infant or child's airway? - answer-Rigid Bronchoscope The most significant consideration when caring for pediatric patients that is not of concern when caring for adults is: - answer-from birth onward, the child is in a continual state of development and physiologic change. Which of the following is an indication for damage control surgery? - answer-Coagulopathy A 26-year-old female is rushed to the operating room after being hit by a small truck as she was riding her bicycle through a busy intersection. She has sustained rib fractures and several fractured transverse vertebral processes. Renal injury is suspected. As the perioperative nurse prepares to insert a urinary catheter, she notices blood at the urinary meatus. What should the nurse's next action be? - answer- Discontinue the catheter insertion Select the injury or condition that reflect probable child abuse or neglect. - answer-Severe diaper rash with the presence of ammonia burns. Matthew Ryan, a 9-year-old boy, is admitted to the emergency department for a sledding accident, when he lost control of his sled and crashed into a tree. He is pale and in pain; his abdomen is tender and firm to palpation. The CT scan suggests rupture of the spleen with internal bleeding. Matthew's scheduled surgery will be a/an: - answer-open total splenectomy. Which of the following is a routine part of preventing cross-contamination? - answer-restricting personnel movement, closing doors, minimizing talking Discharge planning begins during the. - answer-Assessment Phase Creating a pneumoperitoneum can cause problems with patients who 1. Have respiratory disease 2. Have sickle cell disease 3. Have cataracts 4. Have glaucoma 5. Are morbidly obese - answer-Not 1 and 2 Cold, clammy skin may be a sign of: - answer-Anxiety

Key points for implementing safe practices include - answer-obtaining medications for only one patient at a time, avoiding distractions and interruptions when preparing medications, preparing the medication as close as possible to the time of administration, using safe injection practices Badges worn by pregnant personnel should be worn at waist level and read every: - answer-a month General anesthesia with intubation is generally recommended for laparoscopic procedures because of the 1. Need to use muscle relaxant to allow for abdominal insufflation 2. Need to control and increase ventilation to compensate for hypocarbia and respiratory acidosis resulting from absorption of CO2 3. Exaggerated patient positions that can be very uncomfortable for the patient 4. Potential for patient movement, coughing, or bucking that can increase intra-abdominal pressure. - answer-1, 2, 3, and 4 After an MH crisis, the patient should be observed in an ICU setting for: - answer-not 1 - 2 hours One of the two strongest layers in tissue closure includes the: - answer-Fascia Absorbable sutures, when compared to non-absorbable sutures have this characteristic. - answer-Less Tensile Strength The surgeon requests insufflation of the abdominal cavity to be done at high flow rate since he has other cases to complete. A complication that can occur as a result of rapid high pressure is: - answer- Hypotension The "Gold Standard" for open hernia repair is called the - answer-Lichenstein Repair When a scrub person assists another team member with gowning and gloving, he or she does all of the following except: - answer-handle the glove on the inside only Direct current is the source of power for: - answer-battery-operated instruments Which of the following disinfectants is required for general disinfection of non-critical items? - answer- low-level disinfectant

In the lateral position, preventive measures include: - answer-pillows between the knees and feet and padding under the dependent ankle and knee Fire blankets should NOT be used in the operating room because they - answer-are made of wool, which can catch fire in an oxygen-enriched environment, can cause wound contamination or move instruments at the surgical site, can trap fire next to or under a patient Which of the following procedures for isolation technique, also known as bowel technique or contamination technique, is NOT recommended? - answer-a health care facility should develop and follow standardized procedures for bowel isolation technique to reduce errors and improve efficiency among perioperative team members For minors who work with radiation, the annual dose limit is: - answer-10% of adult dose limits The humidity levels of the OR should range between % and %. - answer- 30 - 70 The RNFA can anticipate this type of case being scheduled for a patient with a history of a malignant tumor in the distal transverse colon. Choose the correct procedure. - answer-Left hemicolectomy The aortic root is located: - answer-At the junction of the origin of the ascending aorta and the left ventricle The RNFA must be aware of structures with structures when assisting. One such example is knowing which structures are located within the broad ligaments. Select the correct group of structures. - answer-Fallopian tubes, ureters, uterine vessels When choosing a suture needle for tissue such as peritoneum, dura, and subcutaneous tissue, the most appropriate choice is the needle. - answer-Taper The RNFA should be aware of the possibility that a laparoscopic case could become an open case. A reason for this conversion in a cholecystectomy would be for which of the following reasons? - answer- Inability to remove a stone from the CBD via ERCP

All of the following wound healing complications are attributed to smoking except: - answer-Decreased blood viscosity Suture should be selected based on which of the following? - answer-Ease of handling Due to excellent healing results with minimal scarring, which suturing technique is commonly chosen for plastic surgery? - answer-Intradermal A patient has the following lab values noted intraoperatively. pH < 7.35, PCO2<35 mmHg, HCO3 < 22 mEq/L. This patient is in: Select one: - answer-Respiratory Acidosis A medication often used in cardiac surgery to prevent spasms of vessels is: - answer-Papaverine Injury to this particular layer of vascular tissue can initiate spasm and thrombosis. Which layer must the RNFA be especially careful when handling? - answer-Endothelium Which of the following allows for the most stable and rigid fixation of a fracture? - answer-Locked plating system During a prolonged carotid surgery, the RNFA places the retractors improperly. Which of the following complications can occur as a result of damage to cranial nerve VII - answer-Drooping of the corner of the mouth Prepping for an abdominal hysterectomy that may include the cervix should be performed in what order? - answer-Dirty to Clean Margaret Slayton, a 52-year-old woman with a history of left mastectomy is scheduled for TRAM flap reconstruction. The perioperative nurse gently moved Margaret's arms into the abducted position on the armboards in preparation for positioning. What other considerations must be made for positioning the patient undergoing this procedure? - answer-Raise the head of the bead to low Fowler's flex position to reduce the stretching on the abdominal donor graft wound site

Reduction mammoplasty is not indicated for which of the following? - answer-Hyperthelia What description of the incision will the RNFA provide to a patient scheduled for a modified radical mastectomy? - answer-An oblique elliptic incision with lateral extension toward the axilla Identify the marginal boundaries of the breasts - answer-Second to sixth rib and horizontally from the lateral edge of sternum to anterior axillary line When selecting a vascular graft for a vascular bypass or replacement, which of the following is a desirable characteristic that influences the surgeon's choice of graft? - answer-Hypoallergenic From the following, which is not a complication of stent placement? - answer-Sclerosis The right and left coronary arteries originate in the corresponding sinuses of Valsava which are located

. - answer-Posterior to the cusps of the aortic valve What does the presence of bruit on auscultation of a blood vessel mean? - answer-Blood flow is disrupted Patients with acute arterial insufficiency with occlusion usually present with the onset of the six P's: sudden severe pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor, and poikilothermia (coolness) of an extremity. This occlusion can be the result of which condition? - answer-Rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque A power drill and assorted rotating burrs are essential for middle ear surgery and some sinus procedures. During drill and power saw use, the scrub person keeps irrigation solution on the sterile field to: - answer-prevent clogging of the burr and contamination of the area with bone dust. During a surgical procedure to excise a malignant thyroid gland, the surgeon asks you why she is not removing the posterior part of the patient's thyroid gland. Your correct response is: - answer-so that the patient does not develop hypocalcemia

Select the set of symptoms that is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism. - answer-Dry skin, edema, constipation, and depression Postoperative hoarseness, obstructed airway, or paralysis of the vocal cords is a serious complication of thyroid surgery. During surgery, care is taken to identify and protect which nerve? - answer-Recurrent laryngeal nerve The mediastinal surface of the lungs contains a structure known as in which the nerves, vessels, bronchus, and lymphatics enter and leave the lung. - answer-Hilum A minimally invasive technique that may be used to remove parathyroid tumors deep in the mediastinum is known as: - answer-Thoracoscopy Describe the internal inguinal ring. - answer-A natural opening in the transversalis fascia An example of a potential risk associated with pneumoperitoneum would be: - answer-c. gas embolus into an exposed blood vessel during the procedure. The head of the pancreas is fixed to which structure? - answer-Duodenum Exposure of intra-abdominal anatomy is crucial to safe surgery and employs varied instruments, applications of highly technical energy sources, patient manipulations, light, and imaging. What is unique to the laparoscopic approach that promotes exposure? - answer-Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum A pantaloon hernia can be best described as which of the following? - answer-A combination of direct and indirect hernia Of the following, which is the point of insertion for the iliopsoas muscle? - answer-lesser trochanter The common bile duct drains into the. - answer-duodenum

Specific positioning considerations for bariatric patients require particular attention to protecting these patients from inherent risks related to their size and weight. Protective measures to protect both patient and staff include those below. Which measure reflects the most safety protection for both patient and staff? - answer-Ensure that the OR bed can accommodate the patient's weight and girth. From the following, chose a physical barrier used in the prevention of adhesions that can take up to 2 weeks to absorb and is indicated for most open procedures. - answer-Interceed During kidney transplant surgery and prior to clamping the renal vessels, which of the following drugs are administered to prevent intravascular clotting and maximize duiresis? - answer-Heparin and Mannitol Of the following, which is not a risk factor for the development of postoperative ventral hernias? - answer-Male gender Choose the correct flow of bile from the gallbladder. - answer-Cystic duct, common duct, ampulla of Vater, duodenum The renal artery and vein enter and exit the kidney on the medial side of the organ through a concave area known as - answer-hilum Which of the following best describes the boundaries of the surgical skin prep for the patient about to receive a liver transplant? - answer-From the neck to midthigh; bedline to bedline