Dr. Katz's BSC 197 Exam: Sample Questions in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Exams of Cellular and Molecular Biology

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Dr. Katz BSC 197 – 4th^ Exam Sample Questions

1. In 1909 the English physician Garrod proposed that: (a) heterozygotes possessed one dominant allele and one recessive allele, (b) two (or more) traits are inherited independently of each other, (c) genes were located on the chromosomes within a cell, (d) genes controlled one’s metabolism, (e) RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA at the promoter site.
2. Microbial organisms incapable of growing on minimal media are termed: (a) wild-type, (b) minimal media negative, (c) auxotrophic, (d) insufficient, (e) prototrophic.
3. The region on the DNA double helix on which RNA polymerase II first binds is termed: (a) promoter site, (b) initiation site, (c) start signal, (d) start codon, (e) telomere.
4. The strand of DNA not used during transcription may be termed: (a) the sense strand, (b) the antisense (or nonsense) strand, (c) the template, (d) the useless strand, (e) the transcription strand.
5. RNA polymerase II binds to the DNA template and moves along the template in what direction (in terms of the template)? (a) towards the telomere, (b) towards the centromere, (c) 3′ to 5′, (d) always towards the nearest enhancer, (e) 6′ to 7′.
6. What do enhancers influence? (a) speed of RNA polymerase II as it moves along the template, (b) the accuracy of the base-pairing during transcription, (c) the initial binding of RNA polymerase II to the DNA, (d) DNA methylation, (e) all of the above.
7. Where would one find the sugar ribose? (a) in DNA, (b) in rRNA, (c) in polypeptides, (d) in amino acids, (e) all the above.
8. What base found in RNA binds to thymine nucleotides in DNA? (a) adenine, (b) uracil, (c) none, (d) thymine, (e) cytosine.
9. What type of gene is said to be transcribed but not translated? (a) structural genes, (b) mRNA genes, (c) tRNA genes, (d) enzymatic genes, (e) all of the above.
10. Where does one find an anticodon? (a) in DNA, (b) in mRNA, (c) in rRNA, (d) in RNA polymerase (e) in tRNA.
11. The start codon: (a) initiates translation, (b) codes for methionine, (c) establishes the reading frame, (d) is AUG, (e) all the above.
12. What does a nonsense codon do? (a) nothing, (b) codes for two (or more) amino acids, (c) terminates translation, (d) identifies prospective sites for splicing, (e) none of the above.
13. When is the cap added to certain RNA molecules? (a) during DNA replication, (b) during translation, (c) during transcription, (d) during RNA processing, (e) none of the above.

14. What molecule has a poly-A tail added to it? (a) DNA, (b) rRNA, (c) mRNA, (d) tRNA, (e) b, c, and d are all correct.
15. A base substitution mutation that results in a new amino acid being specified is termed: (a) a silent mutation, (b) a nonsense mutation, (c) a new mutation, (d) a frameshift mutation, (e) a missense mutation.
16. Bead-like structures comprised of proteins and around which DNA is coiled are termed: (a) spliceosomes, (b) chromatin beads, (c) nucleosomes, (d) ribosomes, (e) none of the above.
17. What term describes the proteins that comprise these bead-like structures described in question 16: (a) ribozymes, (b) histones, (c) membrane proteins, (d) integral proteins, (e) none of the above.
18. Chromatin that exists in a more compacted (i.e., dense) state during interphase than the rest of the chromatin is termed: (a) dense chromatin, (b) euchromatin, (c) nonsense chromatin, (d) heterochromatin, (e) none of the above.
19. Satellite DNA refers to: (a) tandemly repetitive DNA, (b) unique DNA, (c) cytoplasmic DNA, (d) nonsense DNA, (e) none of the above.
20. During development of an organism, the number of copies of a specific gene may increase in certain tissues. This increase in copy number is termed: (a) euchromatin, (b) homochromatin, (c) gene amplification, (d) gene enlargement, (e) none of the above.
21. Segments of DNA that can move to new locations on any of the chromosomes are termed: (a) tRNA genes, (b) transposons, (c) ribozymes, (d) enzymatic migrants, (e) none of the above.
22. An automated procedure for producing a large number of copies of some specific piece of double-stranded DNA is termed: (a) DNA sequencing, (b) DNA synthesizing, (c) PCR, (d) DNA replicating, (e) none of the above.
23. What is a restriction enzyme? (a) a bacterial enzyme, (b) an enzyme that can cut double stranded DNA, (c) an enzyme used to generate RFLPs, (d) all of the above are correct, (e) none of the above.
24. VNTRs are often used in association with what process? (a) PCR, (b) DNA replication, (c) DNA fingerprinting, (d) cancer development, (e) none of the above. ANSWER KEY

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. c
6. c 7 b
7. a
8. c
9. e
10. e
11. c
12. d
13. c
14. e
15. c
16. b
17. d
18. a
19. c
20. b
21. c
22. d
23. c