SBB Final Exam (Latest 2023 – 2024) Questions With 100% Verified Answers, Exams of Health sciences

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SBB Exams Questions and Answers (New 2023 – 2024) Graded A+ Chemicals that send signals between cells are - Cytokines Antibodies are made by what cells? - Plasma cells Where do B cells mature? - Bone Marrow Where do T cells mature? - Thymus Coating of a cell with antibodies or complement is called? - Opsonization CD4 + cells are? - T helper cells The specific chemical group that provokes an antibody response - Epitope Blood groups are made of two main kinds of chemicals - Proteins, carbohydrates What is the function of the FC piece of an immunoglobulin? - Monocyte binding What is the only Ig that crosses the placenta? - IgG What does 2-ME OR DTT do to IgM antibodies? - Destroys disulfide bonds Which is the secretory Ig? - IgA Which Ig is responsible for allergic reaction's? - IgE Which IgG subclass does not bind complement? - IgG4 Which IgG sub classes are most clinically significant? - IgG 1 & 3 What is isotype switching? - Example IgM switches to IgG What is the end point of complement activation? - Hole in cell At what stage of complement cascade is it amplified? - C3 activation What two ions are needed for complement activity? - Ca++ and Mg++ Name two complement components that are anaphylatoxins - C3a and C5a What is the minimum number of days a BBK specimen must be kept? - Seven days post transfusion Name two groups for which weak D testing is required - Donors, NB of D- Moms What is required for crossmatch specimen to be used longer than three days? - Known history, not pregnant or transfusion last three months What can be used to neutralize heparin? - Protamine sulfate If given Rh positive cells to Rh negative person, what does standards require? - A policy?(and a Rhig policy) Name three requirements for when blood must be irrradiated - TA-GVHD risk; blood relative; HLA-matched Why can't you use an EDTA specimen for Donath Landsteiner test? - It wouldn't lyse C' What is meant by thermal amplitude? - How high temp of reaction What is ZZAP? - Ficin OR papain AND DDT What concentration of albumin is used as a serum control? - 6% What is the source Ficin? - Fig What lectin agglutinates ficin-treated cells? - Glycine soja (soy bean) What is the specificity of Phaseolus lunatus lectin? - A lima bean All acquired B cells were originally what type? - A Glycine soja also agglutinates what types of polyagg? - T(bacterial, low sialic acid). Tn (mutation)(also A lectins) Eosinophils are less effective for phagocytosis because... - Because of the smaller numbers present and their lack of digestive enzymes What are the specific names of macrophages as pertaining to their particular tissue location - Lung=alveolar Liver=kupffer cell Brain=microglial cells Connective tissue=histocytes Cytokines are released by what cells during the immune response - T Lymphocytes On immunoglobulins, the variable region is at the amino-terminal end called the Fab fragment and this determines the specificity of that molecule for that particular antigen True or false - True The constant region, located at the carboxy- terminal end of the molecule and named the FC fragment, is responsible for the binding to effector cells such as macrophages to - Amplify the inflammatory process and speed up antigen removal Structural differences determine specific functions for each of the immunoglobulin types. For instants, IgG is relatively small and easily penetrates into tissues, IgM is much larger and excels at - Complement fixation And extended hinge region gives which immunoglobulin and advantage as a surface receptor for antigen - IgD IgE binds to Mast cells to initiate a local - Inflammatory reaction IgG has four subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. These differ - In the number and linkages of the disulfide bonds Pentameric structure of IgMis held together by - J chain Define Isotype, Allotype and Idiotype - Isotype-same heavy chain for each class Allotype-variations in the constant region. Idiotype-variations in variable region Explain how papain and pepsin Cleves IgG - The papain digestion yields 2 fab fragment and 1 FC fragment Pepsin digestion yields 1fab fragment and 1 FC fragment This type of T cell is MHC class I CD8 binds at the alpha three domain - T cytotoxic cells This type of T cell is MHC class II and CD4 binds at the Beta 2 - T-helper cells T cells develop in the thymus, and he end product of activation of T cells is - Cytokines B cells develop in the bone marrow and the end product of activation is - Antibody production Production of antibodies is known as humoral immunity True or false - True Neutrophils granules contain substances that can - Kill ingested bacteria Activated dendritic cells migrate to the lymph nodes as APC for T cells where as macrophages just stay in the - Tissue Lymphokines are made by; Monokines are made by - Lymphocytes ; monocytes What are the lymphocytes involved in active immunity? - Humoral immunity B lymphocytes; Cellular immunity T lymphocytes What is the name of the glycoprotein that binds to receptor proteins on the surface of hemopoietic stem cells activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause cells to proliferate and differentiate rate into specific kinds of blood cells - Colony- stimulating factor Primary lymphoid organs are the thymos and bone marrow; secondary lymphoid organs include - Lymph nodes and spleen The thymus and the bone marrow, where T And B cells differentiate and mature learn the - Difference between self and non-self; cells that would attack self antigens are destroyed Molecules less than about ______________MW are too small to be immunogenetic - 10,000 When coupled to carrier protein, small molecules that can elicit an anybody response are called - Haptens An epitope is a part of a complex antigen; The specific chemical group that elicits an - Antibody response Blood group antigens are proteins and carbohydrates; Name the make up of Rh, MNS, ABH, Le, I, P - Proteins(Rh) Glycoproteins (MNS) Glycolipids(ABH,Le,I,P) Only one IGM molecule is needed to fix complement True or false - True How many IgG molecules does it take to fix complement? - Two A patient who has repeated allergic reaction's to transfusion (uticaria ) can be pretreated with - Antihistamine Name the IgG subclass that does not fix complement - IgG4 IgG subclassing can help assess how clinically significant a given antibody will be Name Rh, Kell and Duffy, Kidd, HDN - Rh antibodies are primarily IgG1 and IgG3 Kell and Duffy antibodies are usually IgG1 Kidd are mainly IgG3 severe HDN is most often IgG1 14, 30 - IgG is _______nm. IgM is ________nm Granulocytes - ABH antigens are in white cells, except