Scrum Fundamentals: A Guide to Agile Project Management, Exams of Nursing

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SL-PSPO-I v2: Advanced Preparation for

Professional Scrum Product Owner

Certification

Agile Manifesto - correct answer ✔✔Statement of Agile Values and Principles. 4 Agile Values - correct answer ✔✔- Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

• Working software over comprehensive documentation.
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
• Responding to change over following a plan. 12 Agile Principles - correct answer ✔✔1. Customer Satisfaction(Early and Continuous Delivery of Valuable Software).

2. Embrace Change.
3. Frequent Delivery.
4. Business and Developers Together.
5. Motivated Individuals (Trust & Empower).
6. Face-to-Face Conversation.
7. Working Software.
8. Sustainable Development.
9. Technical Excellence (Good Design).
10. Simplicity.
11. Self-Organizing Teams.
12. Regular Reflection and Adjustment. Explanation of Agile Principles for Product Development - correct answer ✔✔iterative, value-based incremental delivery by frequently gathering customer feedback and accepting (even provoking) change.

Benefits of Agile approach for Product Development - correct answer ✔✔- faster time to market.

• better delivery predictability.
• increased customer responsiveness.
• ability to change direction by managing changing priorities.
• enhanced software quality.
• improved risk management. What is SCRUM? - correct answer ✔✔- A variation of the Agile approach.
• A lightweight framework that helps people, teams and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems.
• Scrum employs an iterative, incremental way with adaptive adjustments.
• By nature, it is a prescriptive framework (but not a detailed guideline or step-by-step methodical process) with an iterative approach that uses time-boxed intervals and splits projects into fixed periods called Sprints. AN ALTERNATIVE DEFINITION OF SCRUM. - correct answer ✔✔Iterative way of developing software in a Sprint (a time-box of one month or less), incrementally delivering working software every Sprint, incorporating customer feedback on the working software, and ensuring that the right business value is delivered in each Sprint. What are software development of projects of complex problems? - correct answer ✔✔More about the project is Unknown than is known.

1. Requirements: Software requirements never stop changing. The customer often will not know what he or she wants until the customer can actually use the product.
2. Technology: This is an ever-changing variable.
3. People: The people aspect is very unpredictable (e.g., attrition, leaves of absence, skill gaps).

• For complex projects, empirical process control, or empiricism, is the best-suited approach. Where can Scrum be used? - correct answer ✔✔Scrum has been used extensively, worldwide, to:
• Research and identify viable markets, technologies, and product capabilities;
• Develop products and enhancements;

Explanation of Transparency. - correct answer ✔✔- Employees are transparent in their day-to-day dealings with others.

• They all trust and respect each other, and they have the courage to keep each other informed of good news as well as bad news.
• No one has any hidden agenda. What is Inspection? - correct answer ✔✔The Scrum artifacts and the progress toward agreed goals must be inspected frequently and diligently to detect potentially undesirable variances or problems. To help with inspection, Scrum provides cadence in the form of its five events. Key feature of Inspection - correct answer ✔✔Inspection enables adaptation. Inspection without adaptation is considered pointless. Scrum events are designed to provoke change. Explanation of Inspection. - correct answer ✔✔- is not an inspection by an inspector or an auditor but an inspection by everyone on the Scrum Team.
• the inspection can be done for the product, processes, people aspects, practices, and continuous improvements. What is Adaptation? - correct answer ✔✔If any aspects of a process deviate outside acceptable limits or if the resulting product is unacceptable, the process being applied or the materials being produced must be adjusted. The adjustment must be made as soon as possible to minimize further deviation. Key feature of Adaptation - correct answer ✔✔Adaptation becomes more difficult when the people involved are not empowered or self-managing. A Scrum Team is expected to adapt the moment it learns anything new through inspection. Explanation of Adaptation. - correct answer ✔✔- is about continuous improvement, the ability to adapt based on the results of the inspection.

What are Scrum Values? - correct answer ✔✔- Commitment.

• Focus.
• Openness.
• Respect.
• Courage. Details of Commitment value. - correct answer ✔✔- The Scrum Team commits to achieving its goals and to supporting each other.
• commitment to the Agile values and principles as documented in the Agile Manifesto.
• commits to building working software, to quality, to collaborating, to learning, to self-organizing, to building the right thing for its customers, to excelling, to being creative and innovating.
• Work together as a unit, trust each other, and commits to work. Details of Focus value. - correct answer ✔✔- Their primary focus is on the work of the Sprint to make the best possible progress toward these goals.
• Scrum Master helps to minimize the Distractions and Competing Priorities to allow the team stays focused. Details of Openness value. - correct answer ✔✔- The Scrum Team and its stakeholders are Open about the work and the challenges.
• Accept new ideas and try new things.
• They are open to collaborating within the team and with the organization.
• They are open to being transparent. Details of Respect value. - correct answer ✔✔- Scrum Team members respect each other to be capable, independent people, and are respected as such by the people with whom they work.
• Respect Ideas and thoughts of others even if you disagree.
• Respect diversity, the Scrum roles, rules, and principles.

• Can change thier Work Plan NOT ONLY during Daily Scrum meeting. Accountability of Developers in the Scrum Team. - correct answer ✔✔Accountable for: ● Creating a plan for the Sprint, the Sprint Backlog. ● Instilling quality by adhering to a Definition of Done. ● Adapting their plan each day toward the Sprint Goal. ● Holding each other accountable as professionals. Most important Scrum Events for Developers? - correct answer ✔✔- Daily Scrum (15 min) - Adapting the Spint Backlog and Actionable Plan for the next day. The role of Product Owner. - correct answer ✔✔- is the voice of customer.
  • is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team.
  • Lead Facilitator of Key Stakeholder Involvement (seeks feedback).
  • accountable for effective Product Backlog management.
  • The Product Owner proactively seeks feedback and expectations from stakeholders in order to make changes to the Product Backlog.
  • constantly prioritizing and keeping up-to-date the Product Backlog. Important details #1 for Product Owner role - correct answer ✔✔- The Product Owner is One person, not a committee.
  • the main member of the Scrum Team who is responsible for engaging with stakeholders.
  • ONLY Product Owner can change or cancel the Product Backlog.
  • The PO is extremely knowledgeable about the marketplace of the Product.
  • PO should have authority (the entire organization must respect his or her decisions).
  • PO can delegate the role to another person.
  • make the decision when release the increment. Important details #2 for Product Owner role - correct answer ✔✔- ensures that the Developers work on the most valuable functionality first.

• The Product Owner is a product manager (Vision, research, ROI, TCO).
• To Validate the idea, the Product Owner frequently Releases the software increment to market to gain real customer insights.
• Only One person who can say Developers What to Do.
• The Product Owner will help adjust the Sprint scope in case the Developers have overcommitted for the Sprint. Benefits of One Product Owner? - correct answer ✔✔- maximizes clarity and focus.
• ensures quick decision making.
• eliminates wasteful delays. Key Value Driver Development PO features. - correct answer ✔✔- Lead Facilitator of Key Stakeholder Involvment.
• Product Value Maximizer and Optimizer.
• Product Marketplace Expert.
• Product Visionary. Mandatory meetings for Product Owner? - correct answer ✔✔- Sprint Planning (important).
• Sprint Review (important).
• Sprint Retrospective. What are th 3 Pillars of Product Ownership? - correct answer ✔✔- Maximazing Product Value (focus on value).
• Engagement (Communication with stakeholders and development team for clear vision).
• Decision-making (priority decisions reg to product). The role of Scrum Master. - correct answer ✔✔- Process Manager (create value by ensuring that the Scrum process is enacted).
• the main role is serving the Scrum Team.

6. Responsible for removing the Impediments.
7. Capture and control Scrum Metrics.
8. Continual Process Improvement.
9. Be a Change Management Agent.
10. Positive Attitude and Motivate the Team. How Scrum Master should best remove Impediments? - correct answer ✔✔1. is to empower, teach, and coach the Developers to remove impediments themselves.
11. Only if the team is stuck should the Scrum Master remove the impediments himself or herself. What Agile team should expect from the Product Owner? - correct answer ✔✔1. Communicates Product Vision.
12. Creates Product Backlog (via gathering Requirements from Stakeholders -> User Stories).
13. Ensure Backlog is Visible, Transparent and Clear.
14. Owns and Prioritizes the Product Backlog.
15. Handles Incoming Requests.
16. Defines the Sprint Goal.
17. Communicates Commited Sprint Goals.
18. Provide Support During Development Stages (clarifications).
19. Updates Product Backlog Based on Feedback.
20. Communicates Product Releases. What Agile team should expect from the Developers? - correct answer ✔✔1. All skills needed in one team (cross-functional).
21. Refine Product Backlog.
22. Plan the Sprint.
23. Inspect and Adapt Daily during Sprint Execution.
24. Participate in Sprint Review & Sprint Retrospective. Scrum Events? - correct answer ✔✔- The Sprint.

• Sprint Planning.
• Daily Scrum.
• Sprint Review.
• Sprint Retrospective. Duration of the Scrum Events - correct answer ✔✔1. The Sprint - 1 - 4 weeks (more shorter more effective).

2. Sprint Planning - 2 weeks sprint (2-4 hours), 4 weeks sprint (8 hours). Usually held on Monday or mid-week.
3. Daily Scrum - 15 min. Usually held at the beginning of the Day.
4. Sprint Review - 1 -4 hours (4 hours max for 1 month Sprint).
5. Sprint Retrospective - 1 - 3 hours (3 hours max for 1 month Sprint).

• the duration of events can be Less, but Not More. Who can participate in the Scrum Events? - correct answer ✔✔1. Sprint Planning - Scrum Team (Dev, SM, PO) + Others. The Developers may invite other people to attend the Sprint Planning in order to provide technical or domain advice.

2. Daily Scrum - mandatory for Developers + SM and PO are allowed to attend.
3. Sprint Review - Scrum Team (Dev, SM, PO) + Key Stakeholders.
4. Sprint Retrospective - Scrum Team (Dev, SM, PO). Features of Scrum Events. - correct answer ✔✔- The Sprint is a Container for all other events.

• All Scrum Events are Timeboxed and have MAX duration requirements, but they can be done faster.
• Scrum Master is accountable that duration requirements / regularity are followed.
• Each event in Scrum is a formal opportunity to Inspect and Adapt Scrum artifacts.
• Events are specifically designed to enable the transparency required.
• Optimally, all events are held at the same time and place to reduce complexity.
• If you use Scrum correctly there is NO need for other meetings than 4 main Scrum Events.

● Scope may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner as more is learned. ● Do NOT change Duration of the Sprint in the middle of the Sprint. When the Sprint is OVER? - correct answer ✔✔1. When the Product Owner cancels it. or

2. The Duration of the timebox is over. What happens when the Sprint is Canceled? - correct answer ✔✔1. Any completed and "Done" PBIs are reviewed. If part of the work is potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts it.
3. All incomplete PBIs are reestimated and put back on the Product Backlog. WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED WHEN DETERMINING THE SPRINT LENGTH? - correct answer ✔✔- Changing market conditions.
   • The level of uncertainty about the technology.
   • How often the Scrum Team needs feedback from the Product Owner and customers What Scrum Events are held on the last day of Sprint? - correct answer ✔✔1. Daily Scrum.
4. Sprint Review.
5. Sprint Retrospective. Sprint Planning - correct answer ✔✔- Event that initiates the Sprint by laying out the work to be performed for the Sprint.
   • This resulting plan is created by the collaborative work of the entire Scrum Team.
   • The Product Owner ensures that attendees are prepared to discuss the most important Product Backlog Items (PBIs) and how they map to the Product Goal. What topics are addressed by the Sprint Planning? - correct answer ✔✔1. Why the Sprint is valubale?
6. What can be Done this Sprint?
7. How will the chosen work get done?

What are the Inputs to the Sprint Planning? - correct answer ✔✔1. Past Performance of Developers.

2. Upcomming Capacity of Developers.
3. Definition of Done.
4. The Product Backlog.
5. The Latest Product Increment.
6. Retrospective improvements (Optional).
7. Impediments (Optional). How Sprint Planning is conducted? - correct answer ✔✔1. Product Owner prepares, orders and presents the list of PBI's.
8. The Scrum Team looks into Sprint Inputs to increase the accuracy of its forecast during the planning meeting.
9. The cross-functional, self-organizing Developers pulls a certain amount of work from the Product Backlog that is deemed feasible for the Sprint. Outcomes from the Sprint Planning? - correct answer ✔✔1. Sprint Goal.
10. Selected PBIs from PB could be done during Sprint.
11. Plan to deliver PBIs into Increment. Agreed Practices will be used by Developers to perform the work. = Sprint Backlog. What is Sprint Backlog? - correct answer ✔✔- The Sprint Goal, the Product Backlog Items (usually PBIs with Highest Priority) selected for the Sprint, plus the plan for delivering them are together referred to = as the Sprint Backlog.
    • The *Developers determine how many items to select for the Sprint Backlog.
    • The Sprint Backlog is a living artifact, and it emerges and changes throughout the Sprint as more detailed level designing happens. Sprint Planning question #1. Why the Sprint is valuable? - correct answer ✔✔- The Product Owner proposes how the product could increase its value and utility in the current Sprint.

Features #1 of Daily Scrum Event. - correct answer ✔✔- Everytime 15 min Team meeting.

• It- Better to hold the event at the same time and place.
• Inspect and Adaptation of Current Work (Increment).
• Mandatory only for Developers.
• If the Product Owner or Scrum Master are actively working on items in the Sprint Backlog, they participate as Developers.
• There is NO any prescribed structure. Developers choose the structure of the Daily Scrum event. Features #2 of Daily Scrum Event. - correct answer ✔✔- The Developers can select whatever structure and techniques they want, as long as their Daily Scrum focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces an actionable plan for the next day of work.
• increases the probability of the Developers meeting the Sprint goal.
• The Daily Scrum is not the Only time Developers are allowed to adjust their plan. They can meet anytime and perform re-planning. Features #3 of Daily Scrum Event. - correct answer ✔✔- Developers Must Participate in Daily Scrum.
• Product Owner and Scrum Master could Attend the meeting (optional attendees), acting as silent observers or serving advisors. Mosr important Benefits of Daily Scrum Meetings? - improve communications.
• identify and solves Impediments / Blockers.
• promote quick Decision-Making.
• consequently eliminate the need for other meetings. What Product Owner can Do to Daily Scrum? - correct answer ✔✔- PO is generally a silent observer.
• may speak at the request of the Developers for clarification Sprint Goal.
• may notice Developers about what might impact the Sprint Goal (changing in directions, feedback from customers..).
• may use the Daily Scrum as an opportunity to cancel the Sprint if the Sprint goal has become obsolete.

What Scrum Master can Do on Daily Scrum? - correct answer ✔✔May facilitate the event if asked and needed. Inputs for the Daily Scrum? - correct answer ✔✔- Sprint Goal.

• Sprint Backlog.
• Developement Activities (What Developers Did).
• Open Impediments.
• "OPTIONAL" Information Radiator / Scrum Board.
• "OPTIONAL" Sprint Burn-Down Chart with total estimate of work remaining. Outcomes from the Daily Scrum? - correct answer ✔✔- Sprint Goal.
• Updated Sprint Backlog.
• Updated list of Open Impediments.
• "OPTIONAL" Updated Information Radiator / Scrum Board.
• "OPTIONAL" Updated Sprint Burn-Down Chart with total estimate of work remaining. Sprint Review. - correct answer ✔✔The Inspection of the outcome of the Sprint (a piece of a real product) and determining the future Adaptations.
• The Product Backlog may also be adjusted to meet new opportunities.
• it is Working meeting, but NOT the presentation.
• Max Time 4 hours for Month Sprint.
• This is the LAST event of Sprint. Procedure of Sprint Review. - correct answer ✔✔1. The Scrum Team presents the results of their work in Product Increment to key Stakeholders and progress toward the Product Goal is discussed.

2. Scrum Team and stakeholders then review What was accomplished in the Sprint to achieving th Sprint Goal.
3. Also there is may be a Live Demo with main intention to get the feedback.
4. Then they discuss what has changed (changing market conditions, new highpriority features, the feedback on the Product Increment).

• The Scrum Team discusses what went well during the Sprint, what problems it encountered, and how those problems were (or were not) solved. Inputs for the Sprint Retrospective? - correct answer ✔✔- People.
• Process.
• Practices.
• Technology.
• Definition of Done. What are discussed during Sprint Retrospective? - correct answer ✔✔- Definition of Done.
• Process improvements.
• Team Collaboration and Relations.
• How Scrum Team works. Outcomes from the Sprint Retrospective. - correct answer ✔✔- The Scrum Team identifies the most helpful changes to improve its effectiveness.
• Updated Definition of Done.
• The most impactful improvements are addressed as soon as possible.
• They may even be added to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.
• The Sprint Retrospective is a private event for the Scrum Team. External influences must not attend the Sprint Retrospective. Features of Sprint Retrospective. - correct answer ✔✔- The Sprint Retrospective concludes the Sprint.
• It is timeboxed to a maximum of 3 hours for a 1-month Sprint.
• For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter (1 -2 hours).
• Usually it is Internal meeting of Scrum Team. Best Practice - 6 step Guidelines for effective Sprint Retrospective. - correct answer ✔✔1. Start with appreciation each other's work.

2. Did the team successfully put the improvement in practice from the last Sprint Retrospective?

3. Set the Time-Frame.
4. Gather data.
5. Generate insights (identify areas of improvements).
6. Identify the root cause and an improvement plan. Scrum Artifacts - correct answer ✔✔Scrum's artifacts represent work or value. They are designed to maximize transparency of key information. Thus, everyone inspecting them has the same basis for adaptation. 3 artifacts:
   • Product Backlog.
   • Sprint Backlog.
   • Increment. Details of Scrum Artifacts - correct answer ✔✔Each artifact contains a Commitment to ensure it provides information that enhances transparency and focus against which progress can be measured: ● For the Product Backlog it is the Product Goal. ● For the Sprint Backlog it is the Sprint Goal. ● For the Increment it is the Definition of Done. Scrum Teams must frequently inspect Scrum artifacts and progress to detect undesirable variances. What are the Commitments? - correct answer ✔✔- The commitments provide a nice, structural way to describe some of the key characteristics of each artifact. Features of Commitments - correct answer ✔✔- Commitments are mandatory.
   • PO is accountable for the Product Goal.
   • The entire Scrum Team is accountable for the Sprint Goal.
   • The entire Scrum Team is accountable for the DoD. Product Backlog - Artifact - correct answer ✔✔- The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of what is needed to improve the product.