Scuba Diving Fundamentals and Equipment, Exams of Nursing

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SSI open water dive study guide

questions with correct answers

There are two ways in which you can can complete the open water dives. The first is with your ______ ______ ______, and the other is by ______. To select which method is best for you, talk to your instructor. - ANSWER: ➡ SSI training facility referral Divers in the United States can earn ______ ______ for scuba courses, thanks to SCUBA schools internationals association with the American Council on education.

• ANSWER: ➡ College credit Most facilities have ______ ______ that list other people who want to go diving. - ANSWER: ➡ Buddy boards No matter where you live, you can have fun diving. It does not matter if you live near an ______, lake, ______ or quarry, underwater adventure and exploration awaits you. - ANSWER: ➡ Ocean river Local diving is an opportunity to have fun with your dive buddies, use your ______ and gain valuable diving ______ anytime you want. - ANSWER: ➡ Equipment experience For many divers, ______ ______ means a relaxing vacation to tropical islands, nice hotels, good food and romantic evenings. For other divers it means adventure travel to the remote corners of the world with primitive conditions equally to pristine ______ ______ rarely seen by humans. - ANSWER: ➡ Dive travel dive sites Group trips through your ______ ______ are a relaxing, hassle-free way to travel. They take care of the ______, dive boats, transfers, dive equipment, luggage and often the food as well. - ANSWER: ➡ SSI dealer accommodations

Diving is an awesome sport because people of all ______ and ______ can have fun diving together. This means that the whole ______ can get involved in scuba diving.

• ANSWER: ➡ Ages abilities family Even though your certification is valid for a ______, it is important to keep your scuba skills proficient. The only way to stay proficient is by ______. While there is no magic number, a good rule of thumb is to drive at least ______ to ______ times per year. - ANSWER: ➡ Lifetime diving 4 5 Many dive destinations require that you have recent diving ______. The ______ ______ ______ tab in your total dive log shows at a glance that you have kept your skills proficient. - ANSWER: ➡ Experience scuba skills update Learning about ______ activities, such as diving on wrecks, fish watching, photography and night diving, is the next logical step in your adventure. - ANSWER: ➡ Specialty Specialty activities can be combined to open up ______ possibilities for adventure. For instants, you could ______ nitrox diving and photography, navigation and wreck diving, or dry suit diving and boat diving. - ANSWER: ➡ Limitless combine SCUBA schools international offers a large ______ of ______ ______. A menu allows you to pursue whatever diving adventures ______ want, because you can select the courses that interest you. - ANSWER: ➡ Menu specialty courses you Comparing the SSI advanced open water diver rating to those from other organizations is like comparing apples to oranges. SSI advanced divers or more ______, more ______ and have more ______. Most importantly, they have more fun! - ANSWER: ➡ Comfortable confident ability Amazingly, SCUBA schools international is the only organization with an ______ ______, even though it produces more confident comfortable divers. - ANSWER: ➡ Experience requirement

If you have an interest in ______ dives, ______ Divers, or making a career out of scuba diving, talk to your SSI instructor about a personal orientation. - ANSWER: ➡ Leading teaching SSI dive control specialists are really two ratings in one. Dive control specialists combine the duties of ______ ______ and ______ ______, and is the highest entry level leadership program in the industry. - ANSWER: ➡ Dive masters assistant instructors SSI ______ of ______ can be earned from major milestones of level 5 (100 dives), level 7 (300 dives), level 9 (500 dives), level 10 (1000 dives) and pro level ( dives). - ANSWER: ➡ Levels recognition The ______ ______ ______ is an independent, nonprofit group formed in 1997 with the mission of helping individuals with physical challenges experience the freedom of scuba diving, as well as increase the awareness and use of adaptive scuba programs throughout the world. - ANSWER: ➡ Dive pirate foundation The surface of this planet is actually made up of very little earth. It is in fact about ______ water. - ANSWER: ➡ 72% It is estimated that plant production in the oceans maybe ______ times more than that on land. More than ______ of the oxygen is produced by marine plants. Even the photosynthesis that takes place on land requires water, which originates in the oceans. - ANSWER: ➡ 10, 85% For us is divers, the oceans may be playgrounds, but playgrounds are only fun and exciting if we keep them ______ and well ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Clean maintained The force that originally acts on the water to create tide is the gravity of the ______ and ______, primarily the ______, pulling at the side of the earth nearest the moon. - ANSWER: ➡ Moon sun moon Near shore, the best time for diving would probably be the periods of ______ exchange of ______ between the tides. - ANSWER: ➡ Minimal water

Because dense, cold water tends to sink underneath warm water, layers of various temperatures are found at different depths. The boundaries between the layers are called ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Thermoclines You should keep in mind when freshwater diving that the temperature at the ______ may be much warmer than the temperature at your ______ ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Surface destination depth The ______ and harder the wind blows the ______ the waves become. The longer the fetch, the further the wave action will be extended. - ANSWER: ➡ Longer larger It is important to hold on when entering the boat because while your ______ feels weightless in the water, as soon as you emerge from the water it will weigh you down and you may instantaneously feel the full weight of your body and equipment transferred to your ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Equipment arms Take these precautions in case you accidentally slip back into the water: keep your mask in place so you can ______, your regulator or snorkeling place so you can ______, and your BC inflated so you can ______. - ANSWER: ➡ See breathe float When entering or exiting from shore, the diver's primary concern is to avoid being knocked down and buffeted by ______ and ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Surf backwash Any time waves reach shoreline, the water must return to sea. This returning water creates a back current, or ______ ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Rip current Any time you do find yourself facing into a rip current, turn and swim at a ______ ______ or ______ to it until you catch a shoreward water movement, or at least move out of the main force of the current. - ANSWER: ➡ Right angle diagonal In ______ ______ you simply float along with the current, and so does the boat. When you surface, the boat picks you up. - ANSWER: ➡ Drift diving

Many dive sites throughout the world are considered ______ ______ and are protected by law. This protection helps keep these dive sites in pristine condition by ______ the coral and other aquatic marine life from hunters and collectors. - ANSWER: ➡ Marine Parks protecting Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers all belong to the group of animals known as the ______. - ANSWER: ➡ Echinoderms The ______, fishes and mammals, are well-known and are the most visible lifeforms in the open waters. - ANSWER: ➡ Vertebrates The creatures capable of inflicting injury will do so only ______. They will react when surprised by being ______ or having their territory invaded, or went taunted or molested. - ANSWER: ➡ Defensively touched There is no doubt that some sharks are ______ and can be dangerous - but almost exclusively when provoked. - ANSWER: ➡ Unpredictable Depending on the area of the world where you were diving you are likely to run into one of a number of fish belonging to a few ______ ______, including bass, pike, perch, catfish, trout, carp, crappie, and gar. - ANSWER: ➡ Freshwater families ____ ____ are designed to allow you to make as many repetitive dives per day as you would lie, as long as you remain within the ________ limits - ANSWER: ➡ Dive computers, non-decompression The deepest point you reached during a dive, no matter how briefly you stayed there is called ____. - ANSWER: ➡ depth The total amount of elapsed time from the start of your descent until you reach the surface is called the ______ ____ - ANSWER: ➡ bottom time The Surface Interval (SI)is defined as the amount of time the diver stays out of the _____ or on the surface _____dives. - ANSWER: ➡ water, between

Any dive started more than ___ minutes and less than ____ hours after a previous scuba dive is called a repetitive dive - ANSWER: ➡ 10, 12 Dive computers plan and monitor you data throughout the ____ ___, and when used properly, can add many ____ to your dives while remaining within the non- decompression limits - ANSWER: ➡ diving day, minutes It is important to remember that dive computer can't guarantee that you will not suffer _____ ____. - ANSWER: ➡ decompression sickness When diving at ____, your nitrogen absorption rate is different than at ____ ____ because of the lower atmospheric pressure, and because diving at altitude is generally done in fresh water. - ANSWER: ➡ altitude, sea level To avoid decompression problems, it is recommended that you wait ____ hours if you plan to fly, or even drive, above 8,000 ft. - ANSWER: ➡ 24 Pressuring an _____ diver is a sure way of amusing stress that can lead to an accident - ANSWER: ➡ unprepared The ____ _____ in your SSI DiveLog may help you records your parameter and plan a repetitive dive. - ANSWER: ➡ dive profile Each diver has the right at any tim, or any reason, to ____ ____ a ____ even if you are dressed and ready to enter the water. - ANSWER: ➡ call off a dive Diving should always be fun. To help ensure that you do have fun always dive within your ____ and ____ level. - ANSWER: ➡ ability and comfort Some things you can do to make your diving more enjoyable include consuming adequate, _____ liquids to prevent dehydration and eating _____ throughout the day.

• ANSWER: ➡ non alcoholic, sensibly

In addition to tracking your number of logged dives, your ___ ____ is an important source of information for subsequent dives, for keeping track of your training, and for recording ____ - ANSWER: ➡ SSI, Divelog, memories _____ _____ built into masks are used for equalizing pressure in the ears and sinuses

• ANSWER: ➡ Nose pockets The fin that is best suited for you all depend on your physical size, leg strength, environmental conditions and most of all, _____ and ____ - ANSWER: ➡ good fit, comfort Water absorbs body heat ____ times faster than air - ANSWER: ➡ 25 times The amount of lead weight you will meds will vary based on a number of things including the type, side and ____ of the suit you are using - ANSWER: ➡ thickness Coverage and thickness preferences come into play at the warm and cold extremes of this range, but it is generally agreed that full wt suits should be worn from _____ ____ - ANSWER: ➡ 65-80F A _____ _____ is one of the most important consideration when chosen a wet suit. - ANSWER: ➡ good fit You may want to consider using a _____ _____ in waters below 65F - ANSWER: ➡ dry suit SCUBA stands for - ANSWER: ➡ self contained underwater breathing apparatus ______ cylinders will affect your buoyancy more than _____, because there is a greater weight difference between a full and empty cylinder - ANSWER: ➡ aluminum, steel There is no excuse for running out of air. Divers are equipped with a ____ ____ ____ to monitor their air supply - ANSWER: ➡ submersible pressure gauge

Using a ______ provides the diver with many advantages over conventional analog gauges and dive tables - ANSWER: ➡ computer The ______ helps the diver maintain a sense of direction when natural navigation is not possible due to lack of distinct inserter features or low visibility - ANSWER: ➡ compass When using the manual control button, raise the ____ ____ to the highest point in order to get the freest efficiency in deflation - ANSWER: ➡ inflator hose Divers luggage is often the most important piece of equipment when it come to the protection of your _____ _____ _____ - ANSWER: ➡ total diving system The two kinds of flags used are the ______ diver's flag and the __flag, or the international "diver down" flag. - ANSWER: ➡ recreational, alpha Many live-aboard dive boats and dive boat operators now require that each diver have and use ____ ____ ____ so that they can be more easily seen on the surface for pickup after the dive - ANSWER: ➡ inflatable surface markers When traveling it is recommended to carry an extra ____, and an extra ____ and ____ pressure hoses - ANSWER: ➡ mask, high and low In the US a cylinder must be hydrostatically tested every _____ and visually inspected every ___ - ANSWER: ➡ 5 years, 1 year Work with your local SSI dealer and in structure in determining your needs, and acquire your own ____ as soon as you can - ANSWER: ➡ equipment the exposure suit needs to be put on in the proper order at the proper time. Follow the steps in the right order. A general rule for dressing is to do it _______ ______ the _____ - ANSWER: ➡ right before the dive

Depending on the type of equipment you are using, you may need to put the ____ ____ on last - ANSWER: ➡ weight belt Sometimes you'll ned to walk with your fins on, which can be awkward. IT is easier and safer to shuffle backwards on ____ and ____ decks, on the ______, and while entering and leaving ______ water - ANSWER: ➡ pool ,boat, shore, shallow The most common kick used with diving fins is a modified version of the swimmers _____ kick - ANSWER: ➡ flutter Power gained by using fins while swimming all but eliminates the need to use the ____ or ____, which can be left relaxed at the sides, clasped in front of the body or carrying extra equipment. - ANSWER: ➡ hands, arms Your fins extend well past your feet and can cause ____ to the reed by breaking coral structures, disturbing marine life or stirring up the bottom. Always look down to see where you are _____. - ANSWER: ➡ damage, kicking AS you ____, look where you are going and extend one ____ above your head to protect against obstructions. - ANSWER: ➡ ascend, arm When snorkeling with your buddy, it's a good safety plan to follow the ____ ____, ____ ____ system. - ANSWER: ➡ one up, one down _______ gently through your ____ to equalize the pressure inside your mask - ANSWER: ➡ exhale, nose Ear squeezes are avoided by ____ the nose closed with the ___ and index finger, then attempting to ___ exhale through the nose - ANSWER: ➡ pinching, thumb, gently Scuba unit Assembly - ANSWER: ➡ -Attach Buoyancy Compensator to the cylinder -Check the regulator -attach the regulator to the cylinder

-attach the low pressure inflator -slowly pressurize the system -inflate and deflate the BC -lay down the scuba unit Regardless of your method of putting on the unit, make sure the ____ does not interfere with the weight belt, which must be free and positioned for easy ditching.

• ANSWER: ➡ BC If for any reason you or your buddy are not completely confident that ____ _____ ___ ____, don't enter the water until you are. - ANSWER: ➡ "all systems are go" You may go under ager when entering, so always keep your _____ on so you can see, the _____ in your mouth so you can breathe, and the ____ inflated so you can float - ANSWER: ➡ mask, regulator, BC the method for breathing through the second stage is a slow, steady ____ followed by a relaxed ______ - ANSWER: ➡ inhalation, exhalation If you cannot locate your primary second-stage, another option is to breathe off you ___ ___ ____ until your primary can be located - ANSWER: ➡ alternate air source As you approach the depth at which you would like to stabilize, add more air to the ____, if needed, to become _____ in the water. - ANSWER: ➡ BC, suspended You are your buddy should decide when you want to ascend, signal each other that you are ready, then ascend together. Your goal is a _____, effortless ascent with a ____ ____ at 15 ft. - ANSWER: ➡ slow, safety stop Keep an eye on your _____ or _____ and timing device, making sure you do not exceed 30 ft per minute. If you are using a depth gauge and timer to monitor your ascent rate, 30 ft should take _____ seconds to complete. - ANSWER: ➡ computer, depth gauge, 60

Ear equalization, or "clearing" should be _________ upon descending and continued as you dive deeper, and should never be done _____. - ANSWER: ➡ started immediately, forcefully As a general rule, when exiting leave your ____ in place and your BC ______ until you are safely out of the water - ANSWER: ➡ equipment, inflated If your sinuses are blocked, it is best not to ____ until the problem is ____ and they are open again - ANSWER: ➡ dive, resolved A common reaction to anxiety or fear is a ____, ____ breathing pattern - ANSWER: ➡ rapid, shallow Unless a diver _____, _____ and gets ____ under control, stress, and even panic may result. - ANSWER: ➡ stops, thinks, breathing To prevent carbon dioxide excess, avoid ____ and dive with high quality well maintained ____ - ANSWER: ➡ overexertion, equipment Always breathe____, never hold your breath; even if the _____ is out of your mouth while under water, develop a habit of ______ s steady stream of bubbles - ANSWER: ➡ normally, regulator, exhaling Proper weighting is what allows the diver to go get under water and begin a descent. With proper weighting achieved, adjustment of _______ under water is accomplished by _____ air to or _____ air form the BC - ANSWER: ➡ buoyancy, adding, subtracting Once neutrally bouyant at any depth, if you move into _____ water, the air in your BC will expand and you will need to ____ air from the BC until you become suspended - ANSWER: ➡ Shallower, release

Hearing in affected because sound waves travel about _____ times faster in water than in air. - ANSWER: ➡ 4 A sound all diver need to know is the clanking of a divers tool or other device against a ____ ____. This is a signal to get another diver's attention - ANSWER: ➡ scuba equipment The body loses heat feaster in the water then it does in air-_____ times faster - ANSWER: ➡ 25 When body temp is allowed to drop to 95 F, ____ sets in - ANSWER: ➡ hypothermia Failure to keep an open airway to the lungs upon ascent can result in one of four _____ injuries - ANSWER: ➡ overexpansion During the process of releasing nitrogen form the tissues, it is important that the diver comes up _____ enough to allow the ____ to stay in isolation in the tissue and blood while it is being released - ANSWER: ➡ slowly, nitrogen The proper rate os ascent is ______ per minute - ANSWER: ➡ 30 ft Write all contact information in your _____ ____ ____ - ANSWER: ➡ SSI Total Diving While it is important to know emergency precautions, _____ ____ divers who use good _____ should never need to use them, or make it necessary for other to use them. - ANSWER: ➡ properly trained, judgement After your ascent, when you reach the surface, inflate the _____ do a wight system check, keep your ____ in place, and either keep the ____ in place or switch to snorkel breathing - ANSWER: ➡ BC, mask, regulator An emergency _____ ascent is essentially the same as abnormal ascent except that you are prepared to ditch your wight system for immediate positive buoyancy if necessary - ANSWER: ➡ swimming

If you are confused or panicked and there is doubt about which ascent to use, ditch the wights and do the ___ ascent. - ANSWER: ➡ Buoyant