Scuba Diving Fundamentals: Pressure, Buoyancy, and Safety, Exams of Nursing

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SDI Open Water

What is the absolute pressure (in atm) at 66 feet?correct answer2 atm What will be the volume in a ball that is filled with two cubic feet of air at 99 feet when it's taken to the surface?correct answer8 cubic feet How many more times dense is the air in a balloon at 4 atm compared to the air density at the surface? correct answer4 X as dense What is the abbreviation for an atmosphere?correct answeratm If a scuba cylindar lasts 2 hours (120 minutes) at sea level, how long will it last at 66 feet?correct answer40 minutes How often should a diver equalize during a descent?correct answerEarly and often What should you do if you experience discomfort in your ears while descending?correct answerStop descent, ascend a few feet. Equalize, then descend again. What is a reverse block?correct answerPressure caused by air spaces in your body expanding during ascent. What is squeeze?correct answerThe painful compression of air spaces in your body or equipment during descent. What should you do if you experience a reverse block upon ascending?correct answerDescend a few feet until the pain subsides. Wait a few moments. Then, ascend again. What is the most important rule in scuba diving?correct answerNever hold your breath!

What is the most serious injury that a diver can suffer from if they hold their breath while ascending? correct answerLung over-expansion injury (possibly fatal) Which gas component in air causes decompression sickness and narcosis?correct answerNitrogen What medical problem can occur if a diver ascends much too rapidly for nitrogen to be slowly released, or off-gassed?correct answerDecompression Sickness List at least 5 factors that can predispose a diver to decompression sickness.correct answer1. Obesity

2. Age
3. Illness
4. Past/Present Injuries
5. Prior History of DCS
6. Fatigue
7. Dehydration
8. Smoke inhalation
9. Use of drugs/alcohol prior to dive
10. Repetative Dives
11. Overexertion
12. Cold Water
13. Diving at higher altitudes Describe the symptoms of DCS, including mild to severe signs and symptoms.correct answer1. Rash or Crackling Skin
14. Joint Pain (most common symptom)
15. Difficulty Breathing
16. Cough
17. Numbness
18. Dizziness

7. Tingling
8. Paralysis
9. Temporary Blindness
10. Unconciousness What is the depth threshold where most scuba divers begin to be affected by nitrogen narcosis?correct answer100 feet List two possible ways a diver may feel if they become "narked" at depth.correct answerExtreme Euphoria Extreme Anxiety What should a diver do to alleviate the symptoms of nitrogen narcosis?correct answerAscend normally until you no longer feel the affects Which gas causes extreme headache and nausea, and in high enough concentrations causes unconciousness and the lips and fingernails to turn bright red?correct answerCarbon Monoxide What may indicate that the air in a scuba cylinder is dangerous to breath?correct answerOdor or Taste What should you do if you suddenly feel sick and develop a headache during a dive?correct answerMake a controlled ascent to the surface. Breath fresh oxygen or air until the symptoms clear up. If symptoms do not clear up, seek immediate medical attention. Failure to equalize the pressure in your ears on descent will result in (A) Reverse Block (B) Squeeze (C) Nitrogen Overloadcorrect answer(B) Squeeze

When a scuba diver holds his/her breath on ascent, he/she may: (A) Experience decompression sickness (B) Rupture his/her lungs (C) Suffer an air embolism (D) Diecorrect answer(B) Rupture his/her lungs (C) Suffer an air embolism (D) Die What causes you to want breath?correct answerBuild up of carbon dioxide Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 PSI at sea level. What is the absolute pressure at a depth of 33 feet?correct answer29.4 PSI The correct time to begin equalizing your ears is (A) When you feel pressure (B) Early and often (C) 3 feet below the surfacecorrect answer(B) Early and often A. In Pocatello Idaho (abt 4,000 feet), what is the atmospheric pressure (PSI) on land? B. How deep would you need to dive to equal 1 atm if diving in Pocatello, ID?correct answerA. About 12.7 PSI B. About 26 ft. List and describe the 3 types of boyancycorrect answer1. Positive buoyancy - floating at the surface

2. Neutral buoyancy- remains at constant depth, neither floating or sinking
3. Negative buoyancy- sinking A. Describe Boyle's Law B. Why is this important to a diver?correct answerA. If pressure increases, then volume decreases, and vice versa.

B. Boyle's law can be used to determine the effect of depth on air consumption and it can be used to prevent diving related injuries. To prevent injury it is important to equalize at the XXX before you dive, and then every couple of feet thereafter.correct answersurface True or False: You should equalize before beginning descent at the surface and continue to equalize every couple of feet thereafter.correct answerTrue. Equalize early and often.