SE 103 EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

Download SE 103 EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! SE 103 EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS Which of the following is NOT true about a Pile Foundation? 1.) It is a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete pushed into the ground to act as a steady support for structures built on top of it. 2.) It is capable of taking higher loads than spread footings. 3.) It is used when there is a deep layer of weak soil at the top of the surface. 4.) It is used for very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge, or water tank. 5.) They are all true - Precise Answer ✔✔5.) They are all true What does an arch take advantage of? - Precise Answer ✔✔Axial strength Which structural systems are designed to resist spending forces? - Precise Answer ✔✔Section Active According to John Cleese, which mindset is purposeful, deliberate, and best when dealing with common tasks? - Precise Answer ✔✔Closed mindset Which is not true about a moment frame system? 1.) It is typically located around a building's perimeter. 2.) it transfers lateral forces to the ground through both bending and shear stress. 3.) The connection from the beam to the column is designed to resist bending moment. 4.) It is not used as often in regions with high seismic or wind potential. - Precise Answer ✔✔All answers are true Which of the following is not an LRFD low combination and instead is an ASD load combination? - Precise Answer ✔✔D + L Which two loads do not both occur together in a load combination? - Precise Answer ✔✔Wind and seismic What size structure are the most susceptible to failure from wind loads? - Precise Answer ✔✔Tall and slender Which of the following is a similarity between ASD and LRFD? - Precise Answer ✔✔Nominal strength is calculated the same way What components of a building are governed by overturning loads? - Precise Answer ✔✔foundations and anchors According to the book, what should be done to achieve elegance in structures? 1.) Structural involvement early in the design. 2.) Have the architect and engineer place continued attention on the project throughout the entire process. 3.) All answers are correct. 4.) Integrate architectural and structural work. - Precise Answer ✔✔All answers are correct What is the job of the structural engineer during the design development phase of the project? - Precise Answer ✔✔To design the typical framing, lateral, and foundation systems What is the MAIN variable in determining wind pressure? - Precise Answer ✔✔Wind velocity Which of the following is not example when using timber? - Precise Answer ✔✔permitted use in taller and larger buildings Which of the following is not considered a live load? - Precise Answer ✔✔a window Seismic forces are a function of which factors? - Precise Answer ✔✔ground motion and the structures weight and stiffness What is the interstory drift index? - Precise Answer ✔✔Relative story displacement / Story height What is the definition of a coupled wall system? - Precise Answer ✔✔It is when two or more shear walls are connected by beams to increase stiffness What is the definition of an outrigger system? - Precise Answer ✔✔It combines a core and perimeter system so that the building behaves like a cantilever What statement is TRUE about flexible diaphragms? - Precise Answer ✔✔They distribute load based on tributary area What type of limit state is deflection? - Precise Answer ✔✔Serviceability What is the overall drift index in a building? - Precise Answer ✔✔Total building displacement / Total building height Which is NOT an advantage of a brace frame? - Precise Answer ✔✔They are an economical way of enhancing the lateral stiffness of a rigid frame Which statement is not true about flexible and rigid diaphragms? - Precise Answer ✔✔Torsion is more important to consider for flexible diaphragms then for rigid diaphragms Advantages of brace frames? - Precise Answer ✔✔They allow for opening for doors and windows, they permit the use of slender members in a building, they can be repeated up to the height of a building which is economical for fabrication, They are an economical way of enhancing the lateral stiffness of a rigid frame. What type of support prevents deflection in a beam and prevents rotations? - Precise Answer ✔✔Fixed Which load is in units lb/ft^2 (or KN/m^2)? - Precise Answer ✔✔Area Load Decreasing which values will make the critical buckling load, Pcr, larger? - Precise Answer ✔✔L In a P-M curve when you have large axial load with small moment, when does failure occur? - Precise Answer ✔✔Concrete reaches 0.003 strain Which term represents the radius of gyration? - Precise Answer ✔✔squareroot (I/A) What happens to your moment diagram when you have an applied moment along the length of the beam? - Precise Answer ✔✔The moment diagram jumps up or down depending on sign of moment How many of the following influences deflection in a beam? 1.) The load(s) applied (P, w) 2.) The span (L) 3.) The load factors (phi, tsai) 4.) The moment of inertia of the cross-section (I) 5.) The elastic modulus (stiffness) of the material (E) - Precise Answer ✔✔4 The vertical piece on a steel W beam that takes on shear forces is called the _________. - Precise Answer ✔✔Web How many of the following are true about floor vibrations? 1.) They make people uneasy and fear structural collapse 2.) Vibration limits in the code are expressed in terms of acceleration due to gravity 3.) If vibration is large and occurs regularly, then fatigue of floor system could occur 4.) The main factor causing floor vibration is resonance. - Precise Answer ✔✔All In a P-M curve when you have Moment only (Axial load = 0), when does failure occur? - Precise Answer ✔✔Steel reaches 0.005 strain Which term represents the Slenderness Ratio of the column? - Precise Answer ✔✔kL/r Where the largest shear force is in the beam - Precise Answer ✔✔At the location where the maximum moment occurs. The horizontal pieces on a steel W beam that resist bending are called __________? - Precise Answer ✔✔Flanges How many of the following are advantages of welded connections in steel members? 1.) Provides a greater amount of flexibility in designing connections between steel members 2.) They are cheaper to fabricate 3.) The don't require checking for shear across the bolts or through the connecting plates 4.) They don't require special equipment/process for installation. - Precise Answer ✔✔2 In which type of slab is the ratio of linger span (l) to shorter span (b) equal or greater than 2? - Precise Answer ✔✔One way When are Hardy slabs typically used? - Precise Answer ✔✔When temperatures are very high How many of the following are an advantage for short-span composite beams and composite slabs with metal decking? 1.) Requires thinner beams compared to non-composite floor systems 2.) Light-weight 3.) Cost-effective - Precise Answer ✔✔All of them Which floor system provides a leveled sulfate but the weight of steel used is larger than comparison to other systems? - Precise Answer ✔✔Slimdek floor system For flexible and rigid diaphragm calculation, how does the floor distribute to the LFRS elements? Forces come in through the diaphragm and transfer to the elements - Precise Answer ✔✔Directly below Which type of braces are generally designed assuming that the compression braces do not contribute stiffness or strength? - Precise Answer ✔✔X Brace What term refers to one level of a building that is significantly more flexible or weak in lateral load resistance than the stories above it and the floors or the foundation below it which can present a very serious risk in the event of an earthquake? - Precise Answer ✔✔Soft story What is a design process in which it is decided which objects within a structural system will be permitted to yield (ductile components) and which objects will remain elastic (brittle components)? - Precise Answer ✔✔Capacity Design What type of moment frame connection provide the least resistance to lateral motion and so are only recommended for zero/low seismic regions? - Precise Answer ✔✔Ordinary Moment Frame (ODF) What type of moment frame connections are the strongest available, designed to withstand inelastic deformation in both members and connections due to lateral forces, and are required to pass a qualifying cyclic test? - Precise Answer ✔✔Special Moment Frame (SMF) The portal method is based on the assumption that for each story of a moment frame, an interior column takes ____ as much shear forces as an exterior column? - Precise Answer ✔✔Twice Which type of Braced Frame do you want the compression braces to balance the tension braces at each bracing level to ensure that the bracings are placed in such a way that the load-deflection characteristics of the structure are the same for both positive and negative directions of loading? - Precise Answer ✔✔Diagonal Brace Which type of braced frame is the link element between the ends of the braces designed as a weak but ductile link which yields before any of the other frame members? - Precise Answer ✔✔Eccentrically Braced Frame Where do we want the plastic hinges to be placed in our structures to avoid a soft story failure? - Precise Answer ✔✔Beams Which of the following moment frames has the strongest connections and can be used in the high seismic areas? - Precise Answer ✔✔Special moment frames If the interior column in the Portal Method needs to be twice as strong, then they are assumed to be approximately ____ as stiff as the exterior columns. - Precise Answer ✔✔Twice Which of the following systems is generally the most expensive to execute? - Precise Answer ✔✔Moment Frame Which term is used to describe the deformation of a section of a beam or column that we specifically design as a region where bending and rotation occurs? - Precise Answer ✔✔Plastic Hinge How many of the following braced systems rely on both compression and tension braces for stability, and so the stiffness and strength of the compression braces must be explicitly accounted for? 1.) Diagonal Braces 2.) X Braces 3.) V Braces 4.) Chevron Braces - Precise Answer ✔✔2 What is ductility? - Precise Answer ✔✔Ability to undergo a significant plastic deformation before rupture Which of the following statements is NOT true about braced frames? - Precise Answer ✔✔The brace in an eccentrically braced frame is designed to yield before the other members Which type of braced frame has bracing members in tension for both directions of loading that are sized to yield before the columns or beams fail so that ductility can be developed? - Precise Answer ✔✔X brace Which type of braced frame often has an out-of-balance load on the horizontal beam when the braces reach their capacity, which must be resisted in bending of the horizontal member and restricts the amount of yielding that the braces can develop, and hence the overall ductility. - Precise Answer ✔✔V braced The portal method is based on the assumption that for each story of a moment frame, an interior column takes ___ as much shear forces as an exterior column? - Precise Answer ✔✔Twice Which of the following is something that a timber shear wall's stiffness is based on? 1.) The height-to-width ratio of the wall 2.) The size and grade of lumber 3.) Sheathing fastener diameter -4.) The thickness and grade of sheathing - Precise Answer ✔✔All of them affect stiffness of a timber shear wall Which of the following is NOT true about a Shear Wall system? - Precise Answer ✔✔Use of high strength concrete enables wall thickness to be maximized, hence minimizing rentable floor space If a shear wall has a large height that is over three times its depth, it's classified as_ - Precise Answer ✔✔Cantilever Which of the following is not a problem that vertical discontinuities in shear walls can create? - Precise Answer ✔✔No answer provided What are the correct terms for the two ways that a concrete shear wall can be built? - Precise Answer ✔✔Precast and cast in place For flexible and rigid diaphragm calculations, how do the forces distribute to the LFRS elements? Forces come in through the diaphragm and transfer to the elements _____. - Precise Answer ✔✔Based on percentage of stiffness of LFRS Above and Below Which of the following is NOT a main function of a shear wall? - Precise Answer ✔✔To hold gravity load from above What is the biggest advantage for a shear wall lateral system? - Precise Answer ✔✔It is efficient by using vertical elements to serve as lateral elements. 4.) Format → appreciate and accommodate the same message 5.) Distribution → confirm the right that people have to information What are the five phases for delivering a design project? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.) Schematic Design (SD) 2.) Design Development (DD) 3.) Construction Documentation (CD) 4.)Bidding and Negotiation (BN) 5.) Construction Administration (CA) Note: a-c are the design phase, d-e are construction phase What are the major outcomes (goals and products) of each phase? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.) SD: Defined project scope including owner expectations for material and system quality General site layout including access, circulation and parking A building footprint Selected structural system and general layout Identified mechanical system 2.) DD: Established floor and site plans Integration of building systems Coordination of all major components Selection of exterior and interior finishes Performance criteria set (energy use, thermal comfort, unique structural criteria, such as vibration, deflection, earthquake performance) Identify and address all code-related requirements 3.) CD: A complete set of plans and specifications describing the quantity, quality, and assembly of building and site components The design must respond to the owner's programmatic needs and budget 4.) BN: Owner selection of a general contractor Answering technical questions raised by bidding contractors 5.) CA: Provide technical support to the owner and contractor Ensure things are built according to plan and expectations. How is an arch different than walls, beams and columns? - Precise Answer ✔✔Archs deal with section moments it resists coupled compressive moments unseen in beams and columns What is a funicular form and how is it different in an arch and a cable? - Precise Answer ✔✔Funicular form is a structure formed by the internal equilibrium of the material (Hanging chain), whereas an arch is a curved structure that deals with compression and cables are 1-D elements dealing with tension. What are the four structural system families and how are they categorized? - Precise Answer ✔✔Form Active, Surface Active, Section active, and Vector Active How does a form active structural system redirect its forces? What is one of the challenges of form active structural systems? - Precise Answer ✔✔It utilizes the natural setting of the material under gravity load and flips it to the otherside. What are the three basic systems in a cable system? - Precise Answer ✔✔Horizontal spanning system, tension cable system, and vertical masts What are the three basic components of a membrane or tent structure? - Precise Answer ✔✔Membrane, cable, and mast How does a pneumatic structure overcome gravity and maintain tension in the membrane? - Precise Answer ✔✔Air pressure is used to overcome gravity and maintain surface tension in a membrane How do surface structures resist external forces? When do surface structures not perform well? - Precise Answer ✔✔Surface structures use axial stress through a rigid surface like a shell or plate. Surface structures do not perform well under point load conditions where bending stresses are induced. How do folded plate structures gain stability? - Precise Answer ✔✔Folded plate structures gain stability by ostensibly 'folding a flat surface creating depth. What type of structure is one of the most efficient structures in terms of material to volume ratio? - Precise Answer ✔✔The hemispherical dome is one of the most efficient forms when considering the material-to-volume ratio What are vector active structural systems? What shape gives them their stability? What kind of appearance do these systems give? - Precise Answer ✔✔Redirects forces into straight line members that work in axial compression or tension, diagonal lines expresses vector active system reliance on the stability of the triangle , often appearing light and transparent What kind of structures or structural components are flat trusses used for? - Precise Answer ✔✔Triangulated frames, where members are subject to axial c and t What do form active, surface active and vector active structural systems all have in common? - Precise Answer ✔✔Redirect vertical forces around horizontal space by transferring loads axially What kind of loads do section active structural systems resist? - Precise Answer ✔✔Resisting the bending forces that develop when a beam laterally transfers perpendicular to its axis. What are rigid frames? What loads do they resist? How do they compare with braced frames and shear walls? - Precise Answer ✔✔Rigid frame is the connection from the beam to the column design to resist bending stress. Not as efficient in resisting lateral loads therefore braced frames and shear walls are more common. What provides the tension capacity for slabs to span large horizontal distances?' - Precise Answer ✔✔Steel reinforcement in concrete slabs What is an open vs. closed mode mindset that John Cheese coined and how does it relate to creativity? What are five conditions to promote open mode? - Precise Answer ✔✔-Open vs. Close Mode mindset: Creativity is crucial in complex projects compared to repetitive projects. Open Mode is valuable at all stages (mainly preliminary design). 5 coordinated to promote open mode: What factors are used to determine the flat roof snow load? - Precise Answer ✔✔Wind exposure, roof temperature, and risk category What are the different wall factors that affect the soil pressure? - Precise Answer ✔✔The different wall factors that affect the soil pressure are active, Ka (wall can rotate slightly), at-rest, K0(braced at the top), and passive, Kp (pushed into the soil) How do you generally calculate the soil pressure at the bottom of a wall? - Precise Answer ✔✔You use the passive factor and multiply it by the height of the wall. What are the three wind exposure categories? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.) Exposure B: Urban, suburban, wooded areas, or other terrain with closely spaced obstructions the size of homes or larger 2._) Exposure C: open terrain with scattered obstructions smaller than 30 feet high, including flat, open country and grasslands 3.) Exposure D: flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces, including salt and mud flats, and ice What are seismic forces a function of and what fundamental equation are they based off of? - Precise Answer ✔✔Seismic forces are a function of the weight and stiffness of the structure, and the ground motion. The fundamental equations are based off of the fundamental physics concept that force equals mass times acceleration. What is base shear? - Precise Answer ✔✔Base shear is the equivalent force applied at the base of the structure. What are load combinations factors based on? Why would the factor for Dead Loads be less than for Live Loads? - Precise Answer ✔✔Load combination takes all the loads and determines when the loads will be present together, and factor them according to their variability. The factor for dead load is less than for live loads because loads are not known to a high degree of accuracy, so engineers apply safety factors to account for their variability. What are the three dominant load groups that load combinations are organized in and what components in the building do they govern? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.) Gravity: dominate the design of non-frame beams and columns 2.) Lateral: controls frame members (beams, columns, and braces) 3.) Overturning: governs foundations and anchor design on frame end-columns Why do designers check multiple load combinations? What are they trying to find? - Precise Answer ✔✔Designers check multiple load combinations because LRFD is used for the strength design of members, while ASD is used for deflection and soil pressure checks. Load combinations tell you how to apply the loads to the structure, but will not result in a single number. Define Joists: - Precise Answer ✔✔are used under floors and ceilings for support. Define Beams: - Precise Answer ✔✔are used for carrying the loads from joists and transferring them to either columns or girders Define Girders: - Precise Answer ✔✔are used when there is too much load to be resisted and transferred. What is a structural pathway? - Precise Answer ✔✔Gravity, wind, seismic and other loads travel to the supports or foundations via structural pathways. Typically, the shortest path is the most economical What do complicated load paths cause? - Precise Answer ✔✔Cause mor problems, difficult to design, expensive to build What do columns support on each floor and how do they transfer their loads to the ground? - Precise Answer ✔✔Columns support beams (and girders) at each floor and carry loads through compression down to the ground. A drastic load path change is similar to taking an hour-long detour in a car. They generally transfer the load from a floor, beam or roof structure into the ground. They may also support arches. What could a lack of continuous load path lead to? - Precise Answer ✔✔Collapse, instability In what order are loads transferred and what is it based on? - Precise Answer ✔✔Load path, often this is roof, beam, column, footing, and ground To have a continuous load path requires what two load resisting systems? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.) Vertical force resisting system (VFRS) 2.) Lateral force resisting system (LFRS) What are the two most common lateral loads that structures have to resist? And what are the main differences between them. - Precise Answer ✔✔Wind and Earthquakes, with the difference found in the fact that earthquakes occur below ground, and wind is induced by a surface load transmitting load to other elements and components. Earthquakes generate ground acceleration with inertia forces at each floor What happens when the geometric center and the center of rigidity in a building are not coincident? - Precise Answer ✔✔Possibly torsion to be induced from the difference of center of mass and the systems ability to resist forces What is the main purpose of a Section drawing? - Precise Answer ✔✔- Provides a cutaway view of a building from side to reveal what is beneath the surface of each building element the section cuts through - Importance to illustrate information that can not easily derived from other drawings When a section view is cut through an object, how is that object typically shown? - Precise Answer ✔✔Hatch pattern What is the difference between statically determinate and indeterminate? What is the difference between external and internal determinacy? - Precise Answer ✔✔- Statically determinate is a structure that is stable and all the unknown reactive forces can be found by using the equilibrium equation. - Statically Indeterminate is a structure that is a structure that is stable but contains more unknown forces than available equations of equilibrium. - External determinacy is the ability to calculate all of the external reaction component forces by using only static equilibrium. - Internal determinacy is the ability to calculate the external reaction components and internal forces using only static equilibrium.