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SIMPLIFIED STUDY GUIDE: NR 341 Week 7 Exam Three Study Guide (Chapters 19, 20, 6, 17, 13,, Exercises of Nursing

SIMPLIFIED STUDY GUIDE: NR 341 Week 7 Exam Three Study Guide (Chapters 19, 20, 6, 17, 13, 21, 18) Chapter 19 Trauma and Surgical Management Introduction Trauma demographics Systems approach to trauma care o Trauma system • • • • ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Mechanism o Blunt Levels of trauma care Trauma continuum Injury prevention Trauma team concept Prehospital care and transport Trauma triage Disaster and mass casualty management of injury trauma • • o Penetrating trauma o Blast injuries Emergency care phase

Typology: Exercises

2022/2023

Available from 07/18/2023

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Download SIMPLIFIED STUDY GUIDE: NR 341 Week 7 Exam Three Study Guide (Chapters 19, 20, 6, 17, 13, and more Exercises Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

SIMPLIFIED STUDY GUIDE: NR 341 Week 7 Exam Three Study Guide (Chapters 19, 20, 6, 17, 13, 21, 18) Chapter 19 Trauma and Surgical Management

  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Trauma demographics
  • (^) Systems approach to trauma care o (^) Trauma system ▪ Levels of trauma care ▪ Trauma continuum ▪ Injury prevention ▪ Trauma team concept ▪ Prehospital care and transport ▪ Trauma triage ▪ Disaster and mass casualty management
  • (^) Mechanism of injury o (^) Blunt trauma

o (^) Penetrating trauma o (^) Blast injuries

  • (^) Emergency care phase o (^) Initial patient assessment o (^) Primary and secondary survey
  • (^) Resuscitation phase o (^) Establishing airway patency o (^) Maintaining effect breathing o (^) Maintaining circulation o (^) Diagnostic testing o (^) Adequacy of resuscitation o (^) Fluid resuscitation o (^) Assessment of neurological disabilities o (^) Exposure and environmental considerations
  • (^) Assessment and management of specific organ injuries o (^) Thoracic injuries

▪ Cardiac tamponade ▪ Cardiac contusion ▪ Aortic disruption ▪ Tension pneumothorax ▪ Hemothorax ▪ Open pneumothorax ▪ Pulmonary contusion ▪ Rib fractures and flail chest o (^) Abdominal injuries o (^) Musculoskeletal injuries ▪ Complications

  • (^) Compartment syndrome
  • (^) Rhabdomyolysis
  • (^) Venous thromboembolism
  • (^) Fat embolism syndrome
  • (^) Critical care phase

o (^) Damage-control surgery o (^) Postoperative management

  • (^) Special considerations and populations o (^) Alcohol and drug abuse o (^) Family and patient coping
  • (^) Rehabilitation Chapter 20 Burns
  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Review of anatomy and physiology of the skin o (^) Effects of aging
  • (^) Mechanisms of injury o (^) Thermal injury o (^) Chemical injury o (^) Electrical injury o (^) Inhalation injury ▪ Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning

▪ Injury above the glottis ▪ Injury below the glottis

  • (^) Burn classification and severity o (^) Depth of injury o (^) Extent of injury
  • (^) Physiological response to burn injury o (^) Cardiovascular response o (^) Host defense mechanisms o (^) Pulmonary response o (^) Renal response o (^) Gastrointestinal response o (^) Metabolic response
  • (^) Phases of burn assessment and collaborative interventions o (^) Resuscitative phase: prehospital ▪ Primary survey - (^) Stopping the burning process
  • (^) Airway (with cervical spine precautions)breathing
  • (^) Circulation ▪ Secondary survey o (^) Resuscitative phase: emergency department and critical care burn center ▪ Transfer to a burn center ▪ Primary survey
  • (^) Airway
  • (^) Breathing
  • (^) Circulation o (^) Fluid resuscitation o (^) End point monitoring o (^) Peripheral circulation ▪ Secondary survey
  • (^) Cardiovascular system
  • (^) Neurological status
  • (^) Renal status
  • (^) Gastrointestinal system
  • (^) Integumentary system
  • (^) Blood and electrolytes o (^) Acute care phase: critical care burn center ▪ Respiratory system ▪ Cardiovascular system ▪ Neurological status ▪ Renal status ▪ Gastrointestinal system ▪ Integumentary system ▪ Blood and electrolytes
  • (^) Special considerations and areas of concern o (^) Burns of the face o (^) Burns of the ears o (^) Burns of the eyes

o (^) Burns of the hands, feet, or major joints, burns of the genitalia and perineum o (^) Electrical injury o (^) Chemical injury o (^) Abuse and neglect

  • (^) Pain control
  • (^) Infection control
  • (^) Wound management o (^) Wound care o (^) Topical agents and dressings o (^) Surgical excision and grafting
  • (^) Nutritional considerations
  • (^) Psychosocial considerations
  • (^) Geriatric concerns
  • (^) Nonburn injury o (^) Severe exfoliative disorders

▪ Toxic epidermal necrolysis, stevens-johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme ▪ Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome o (^) Necrotizing soft tissue infections

  • (^) Discharge planning
  • (^) Burn prevention Chapter 6 Nutritional Support
  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Gastrointestinal tract
  • (^) Utilization of nutrients
  • (^) Assessment of nutritional status
  • (^) Overview of nutritional support o (^) Enteral nutrition o (^) Parenteral nutrition o (^) Nutritional additives
  • (^) Nutritional therapy goals
  • (^) Practice guidelines o (^) Enteral nutrition o (^) Parenteral nutrition o (^) Drug-nutrient interactions
  • (^) Monitoring nutritional status and complications of nutritional support o (^) Monitoring and evaluating the nutrition care plan Chapter 17 Gastrointestinal Alterations
  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Review of anatomy and physiology o (^) Gastrointestinal tract ▪ Gut wall
  • (^) Mucosa o (^) Gastric mucosal barrier
  • (^) Submucosa ▪ Oropharyngeal cavity
  • (^) Mouth
  • (^) Salivary glands
  • (^) Pharynx ▪ Esophagus ▪ Stomach ▪ Small intestine ▪ Large intestine o (^) Accessory organs ▪ Pancreas ▪ Liver
  • (^) Vascular functions o (^) Blood storage o (^) Blood filtration
  • (^) Secretory functions o (^) Bile production o (^) Bilirubin metabolism
  • (^) Metabolic functions

o (^) Carbohydrate metabolism o (^) Fat metabolism o (^) Protein metabolism o (^) Production and removal of blood clotting factors o (^) Detoxification o (^) Storage, synthesis, and transport of vitamins and minerals ▪ Gallbladder o (^) Neural innervation of the gastrointestinal system o (^) Hormonal control of the gastrointestinal system o (^) Blood supply of the gastrointestinal system o (^) Geriatric considerations

  • (^) General assessment of the gastrointestinal system o (^) History o (^) Inspection ▪ Skin color and texture

▪ Symmetry and contour of abdomen ▪ Masses and pulsations ▪ Peristalsis and movement o (^) Auscultation o (^) Percussion o (^) Palpation

  • (^) Acute gastrointestinal bleeding o (^) Pathophysiology ▪ Peptic ulcer disease ▪ Stress ulcers ▪ Mallory-Weiss Tear ▪ Esophageal varices o (^) Assessment ▪ Clinical presentation ▪ Nursing assessment ▪ Medical assessment
  • (^) Laboratory studies
  • (^) Endoscopy and barium study o (^) Nursing diagnoses o (^) Collaborative management: nursing and medical considerations ▪ Hemodynamic stabilization ▪ Gastric lavage ▪ Pharmacological therapy
  • (^) Antibiotics ▪ Endoscopic therapy ▪ Surgical therapy ▪ Nursing diagnoses ▪ Recognition of potential complications o (^) Treatment of variceal bleeding ▪ Somatostatin or octreotide ▪ Vasopressin ▪ Endoscopic procedures

▪ Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ▪ Esophagogastric tamponade ▪ Surgical interventions o (^) Patient outcomes

  • (^) Acute pancreatitis o (^) Pathophysiology o (^) Assessment ▪ History and physical examination ▪ Diagnostic tests ▪ Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis o (^) Nursing diagnoses o (^) Medical and nursing interventions ▪ Fluid replacement ▪ New modalities ▪ Electrolyte replacement ▪ Nutrition support

▪ Comfort management ▪ Pharmacological intervention ▪ Treatment of systemic complications ▪ Surgical therapy o (^) Patient outcomes

  • (^) Hepatic failure o (^) Pathophysiology ▪ Hepatitis - (^) Assessment - (^) Nursing diagnoses - (^) Medical and nursing interventions ▪ Cirrhosis ▪ Fatty liver o (^) Assessment of hepatic failure ▪ Presenting clinical signs - (^) Portal hypertension
  • (^) Impaired metabolic processes
  • (^) Impaired bile formation and flow o (^) Nursing diagnoses o (^) Medical and nursing interventions ▪ Diagnostic tests ▪ Supportive therapy ▪ Support for the failing liver ▪ Treatment of complications
  • (^) Ascites
  • (^) Portal systemic encephalopathy
  • (^) Hepatorenal syndrome
  • (^) Hepatopulmonary syndrome o (^) Patient outcomes
  • (^) Bariatric surgery Chapter 13: Nervous System Alterations
  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System o (^) Cells of the Nervous System o (^) Cerebral Circulation o (^) Cerebral Metabolism o (^) Blood-Brain Barrier System o (^) Ventricular System and Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • (^) Functional and Structural Divisions of the Central Nervous System o (^) Meninges o (^) Brain (Encephalon) o (^) Cerebrum ▪ Brainstem ▪ Cerebellum ▪ Specialized Systems Within the Central Nervous System o (^) Spinal Cord o (^) Peripheral Nervous System o (^) Effects of Aging

o (^) Assessment ▪ Mental Status ▪ Language ▪ Memory ▪ Cranial Nerve Function ▪ Motor Function ▪ Reflexes ▪ Sensory Function ▪ Respiratory Assessment ▪ Hourly Assessment

  • (^) Increased Intracranial pressure o (^) Pathophysiology o (^) Causes of Increased Intracranial Pressure ▪ Increased Brain Volume ▪ Increased Cerebral Blood Volume ▪ Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid

o (^) Assessment ▪ Monitoring Techniques

  • (^) Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
  • (^) Cerebral Oxygenation Monitoring o (^) Diagnostic Testing o (^) Nursing Diagnoses o (^) Management ▪ Medical and Nursing Interventions (Nonsurgical)
  • (^) Nursing Actions to Manage Intracranial Pressure
  • (^) Medical Management
  • (^) Adequate Oxygenation
  • (^) Management of Carbon Dioxide
  • (^) Diuretics
  • (^) Optimal Fluid Administration
  • (^) Blood Pressure Management
  • (^) Reducing Metabolic Demands

o (^) Temperature Control o (^) Sedation o (^) Seizure prophylaxis o (^) Neuromuscular Blockade and Barbiturate Therapy ▪ Surgical Interventions ▪ Psychosocial Support

  • (^) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) o (^) Pathophysiology ▪ Scalp Lacerations ▪ Skull Fractures - (^) Linear Skull Fracture - (^) Depressed Skull Fracture - (^) Comminuted Skull Fracture ▪ Brain injury - (^) Primary Brain Injury - (^) Concussion
  • (^) Contusion
  • (^) Diffuse Axonal injury
  • (^) Penetrating Injury
  • (^) Hematoma o (^) Epidural Hematoma o (^) Subdural Hematoma o (^) Intracerebral Hematoma
  • (^) Secondary Brain Injury o (^) Assessment ▪ Nursing Diagnoses o (^) Management ▪ Medical (Nonsurgical) Interventions ▪ Surgical Interventions
  • (^) Acute Stroke o (^) Pathophysiology ▪ Ischemic Stroke
  • (^) Large Artery Atherosclerosis
  • (^) Cardioembolic Stroke
  • (^) Lacunar Stroke
  • (^) Cryptogenic Stroke ▪ Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • (^) Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
  • (^) Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • (^) Arteriovenous Malformation o (^) Assessment o (^) Diagnostic Tests o (^) Management ▪ Nursing Diagnoses ▪ Ischemic Stroke
  • (^) Thrombolytic Candidates
  • (^) Nonthrombolytic Candidates

▪ Other Ischemic Events

  • (^) Transient Ischemic Attacks ▪ Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • (^) Intraparenchymal Stroke ▪ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ▪ Arteriovenous Malformation o (^) Postoperative Neurosurgical Care
  • (^) Seizures and Status Epilepticus o (^) Pathophysiology of Status Epilepticus o (^) Assessment o (^) Diagnostic Tests o (^) Management ▪ Nursing Diagnoses ▪ Nursing and Medical Interventions
  • (^) Central Nervous System Infections o (^) Bacterial Meningitis

▪ Pathophysiology ▪ Assessment ▪ Diagnostics Tests ▪ Management

  • (^) Nursing Diagnoses
  • (^) Nursing and Medical Management
  • (^) Spinal Cord Injury o (^) Pathophysiology o (^) Assessment ▪ Airway and Respiratory Assessment ▪ Neurological Assessment ▪ Bowel and Bladder Function ▪ Skin Assessment ▪ Psychological Assessment o (^) Diagnostic Studies o (^) Management