SkillsUSA Broadcast News Written Test with Complete Solutions, Exams of Advanced Education

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SkillsUSA Broadcast News Written Test

with Complete Solutions

Anchor - ANS-News anchors are responsible for presenting stories on-camera, usually from a studio location though work can take place in the field. A-Roll - ANS-The main portion of audio video footage in a news story. Back Timing - ANS-The practice of rehearsing the final segment of a news broadcast and timing it; during the live broadcast, the director may then speed up or slow down this segment to coincide with the scheduled finishing time of the program. Backgrounder - ANS-A story used to provide history and context to a current news story. Beats - ANS-The areas of expertise in which a journalist or reporter covers on a regular basis and on an in-depth level, such as politics, health, or law enforcement. B-Roll - ANS-Supplementary material to complement the A-Roll, such as establishing shots or graphical overlays. Chroma Key - ANS-Also known as green screening. Cold Copy - ANS-News script not previously read by the reporter until the camera is rolling. Sometimes referred to by the slang term "rip n' read." Cold Open - ANS-Any type of video which rolls before the camera cuts to the anchors, usually featuring a voice over and ending on a form of cliffhanger. Crawl - ANS-AKA the news ticker, a thin bar of scrolling text which informs viewers of any upcoming breaking news or weather alerts. Cutaway - ANS-A shot of something other than the main action of an action sequence. In an interview, the cutaway is usually a shot of the reporter listening as the source talks. Necessary to maintain continuity and avoid jump cuts. Feature - ANS-A non-breaking news story on people, trends, or issues. A feature story isn't necessarily related to a current event. Follow-Up - ANS-A story updating or supplying additional details about an event that's been previously covered. Fullscreen Graphic or FS - ANS-A still or animated image, usually computer generated, that takes up the whole screen.

Happy Talk - ANS-Casual, informal, and light-hearted chatter between the anchors. Can be used as a form of bumper. Hard News - ANS-The news of the day. Factual coverage of serious, timely events (crime, war, business, politics, etc.) Hot - ANS-Either too loud (hot audio) or too bright (hot video). Engineers often say that hot video "blooms" on screen. Join in Progress (JIP) - ANS-A direction to the control room to cut to a broadcast already in progress. Jump Cut - ANS-An edit in a news package that interrupts continuity. Example: an interviewee speaking followed immediately by another shot of the same interviewee speaking at a different time, so the image "jumps." Avoided by using cutaways or b-roll Kicker - ANS-A light story that ends a newscast. Live - ANS-Put on the air in real time, not pre-recorded or pre-produced. Lower Third - ANS-The bottom third of the frame containing text information regarding the current story, the anchors' or interviewee's identification, and other relevant captions. Package - ANS-A pre-recorded, pre-produced news story, usually by a reporter, with track, sound, B-roll, and possibly a stand-up. POV or Point-of-View Shot - ANS-B-roll shot from the perspective of the subject, illustrating what the subject sees or saw at a given moment. Raw Video - ANS-Unedited video, just as it was shot. Remote - ANS-A live shot from the field, where a satellite truck is required to transmit the image. Rundown - ANS-An electronic or paper form created by the line producer of a news broadcast. Gives specific details of every element in a newscast, including the order of stories, video, audio, and graphic elements and timing for each. Slate - ANS-A full-screen graphic, shown on screen before the beginning of pre- produced video which identifies the story title, the reporter's name, and the total running time. Only for newsroom use; not meant for broadcast. Slug - ANS-The name given to a story for newsroom use.

Stagger-through - ANS-A full rehearsal of the show. Still - ANS-A still image as opposed to a moving video image. Stills can be used to illustrate a story and can sometimes be displayed over track or interview clips instead of video footage. Switch - ANS-An instruction given to the control room to cut to another camera or video source. Tight on - ANS-A direction to the camera crew to zoom in on a subject so that they fill the shot (e.g. "Tight on anchor/guest.") Toss - ANS-When an anchor or reporter turns over a portion of the show to another anchor or reporter Tracking - ANS-The act of recording a script. TRT - ANS-"Total running time." The length of an edited package. VOSOT - ANS-"Voiceover" followed by "sound on tape." A news script, usually read live, that includes video, track, and at least one sound bite. Zoom - ANS-Moving closer and/or further away. Pan - ANS-Moving horizontally on the axis. Tilt - ANS-Moving vertically on the axis. Dolly - ANS-The camera physically moves toward or away from the subject to make it appear closer or further away. Truck - ANS-The camera physically moves horizontally (left or right). Establishing Shot - ANS-Often a long shot or a series of shots that sets the scene. It is used to establish setting and to show transitions between locations. Full Shot - ANS-A type of long shot that includes the person in full, with the head near the top of the frame and the feet near the bottom. Medium Shot - ANS-A framing in which the scale of the object shown is of moderate size; a person seen from the waist up would fill most of the screen. Close Shot - ANS-The subject appears very close to the camera (dominating the frame), shoulders up.

Extreme Close Shot - ANS-A portion of the subject's face fills the frame (eyes, nose, etc) Up Shot - ANS-From below eye level, then up the subject. Down Shot - ANS-From above eye level, then down the subject. Two Shot - ANS-A medium shot featuring two anchors. Our wide shot in broadcasting. Dutch Angle - ANS-A shot that is tilted sideways on the horizontal line.