Skin Anatomy and Physiology, Exams of Labour Law

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Describe the Lymphatic System, and discuss the relationship of this system to permanent cosmetics procedure. - ✔✔a network of structures which drains fluid from tissue spaces and returns it to the blood. The tissue fluid will have a clear to yellow appearance, and when it surfaces, it can affect the pigment retention. Permanent cosmetic procedures deposit .5mm - 1.8mm into the reticular layer of the dermis. Deposited granules usually accumulate around various blood vessels in the papillary and reticular layers. The macrophages attempt to remove these granules via lymphatic system and circulation system. Describe the structure of the skin. - ✔✔The skin contains two main divisions: the dermis and the epidermis. The Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It contains 5 layers.The stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.The Dermis is the underlying or inner layer of the skin. The Dermis consists of 2 layers. The papillary layer and the reticular layer. Give an outline of your knowledge of hepatitis B. - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus , which is transmitted by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids.There are 5 known types of viral hepatitis.Each types varies in symptoms long term effects and severity. Viruses infecting the liver are the most common cause of hepatitis.Carriers of Hepatitis B may not show outward symptoms but still may infect others. How is herpes simplex related to the permanent cosmetic procedure , and how can an outbreak be prevented? - ✔✔There are certain pre and post treatment instructions for herpes simplex carriers. the herpes virus lays dormant in the nervous system and will become active if the immune system is compromised.Sun ,wind, menstruation, fatigue, illness, stress, fever,colds, and tattooing can all cause a herpes outbreak. It can be prevented by educating clients before procedure and suggest they see a physician prior to procedure if the client has a history of herpes simplex. Give the symptoms of 2 inflammatory skin disorders that are contraindicated to a permanent cosmetic procedure. - ✔✔Eczema and Psoriasis.The symptoms for Eczema are: inflammation, redness, dryness, itching, weeping, and crusting of the skin.The symptoms for Psoriasis are:red lesions with silvery scales.top layers of flakes off easily but bottom tears skin leaving it to bleed. Discuss the factors to be considered when designing a permanent cosmetic work area in relation to sanitation and hygiene. - ✔✔Your work area should be well lit, clean and ventilated with hot and cold

running water in room. Disposable couch paper and. furniture with non absorbent surfaces that can be disinfected frequently are necessary.Use available sharps container.Use a disinfection plan. Use barrier film on equipment. Describe the term universal precautions. - ✔✔Guidelines recommended to prevent transmission of blood borne disease What are the primary colors? - ✔✔Three colors from which all other colors originate. They are red, blue and yellow. What color is opposite of blue? - ✔✔Orange Which primary color will fade the fastest after being implanted into the skin? - ✔✔Yellow What are the secondary colors?Which colors, when mixed together, make the secondary colors? - ✔✔Orange, violet and green are secondary colors. Primary colors when mixed make secondary colors. Which color should be added to pigment to keep lips from turning blue? - ✔✔You should mix a couple of drops of orange to any lip pigment to counteract a naturally occurring blue undertone in the lip. If a client has pink eyebrows, what color was the original pigment and what can be done to correct this?

• ✔✔Red undertones cause pink eyebrows. Using cool yellow and blue pigments can correct this. If an eyebrow heals too ashy,what did you do wrong and how could you have prevented this? - ✔✔If an eyebrow heals ashy, a cool undertone has been implanted on a green skin undertone. Prevention could have occurred by using warm undertone pigments. If an implanted lip color is too dark, which color will help lighten it during a retouch appointment? - ✔✔White If a client has cool undertones,what color skin does she have? - ✔✔A darker shade from fair olive to black. fair skin tones can be cool or warm Clients with naturally red hair have what color undertones in their skin? - ✔✔Warm undertones

asepsis - ✔✔absence of pathogens antiseptic - ✔✔a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues antibiotic - ✔✔medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria some bacteria such as staphylococcus have only a 5% death rate with antibiotics autoclave - ✔✔a device for heating substances above their boiling point communicable disease - ✔✔a disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object cross-contamination - ✔✔permits the transfer of blood - bourne pathogens from patient to patient detergent - ✔✔a water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil disinfection - ✔✔aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses disinfection detergent - ✔✔a chemical product formulated with cleaning agents and germicides,selected for soil removal and simultaneous disinfection epidemiology - ✔✔The study of diseases fungicide - ✔✔any agent that destroys or prevents the growth of fungi. not all germicides act as fungicides, nor all fungicides act as germicides germicide - ✔✔chemical that kills most pathogenic microorganisms; disinfectant

indirect transmission - ✔✔refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface infection - ✔✔an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted invasive - ✔✔relating to a technique in which the body is entered by puncture or incision micro-organisms - ✔✔Living things that are too small to see with the naked eye pathogen - ✔✔disease causing microorganism sanitary - ✔✔being free from germs; being clean and healthy sanitized - ✔✔clean and free of most germs sanitizer - ✔✔An agent that reduces bacteria specifically to a level safe to handle. 99.999% spores - ✔✔hard capsules formed by certain bacteria that allow them to resist prolonged exposure to heat sterile - ✔✔unfruitful, incapable of producing life, lacking vitality, free from micro-organisms sterilization - ✔✔complete destruction of all forms of microbial life universal precautions - ✔✔set of guidelines and controls, published by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and specified human body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens grease paint - ✔✔A cosmetic used for stage makeup. cake makeup - ✔✔heavy cream foundation

concealer - ✔✔cosmetics used to cover blemishes matte - ✔✔the property of having little or no contrast primary color - ✔✔a color that cannot be mixed from other colors. red, yellow, blue secondary color - ✔✔color made by combining equal amounts of two primary colors tertiary color - ✔✔immediate color acheived by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts complementary color - ✔✔the color opposite from another color on the color wheel, i.e. red and green warm colors - ✔✔Those hues in which yellow and red are dominant. cool colors - ✔✔Colors that suggest coolness and are dominated by blues, greens, violets. and blue-reds. organs - ✔✔groups of tissues that work together to perform closely realated functions circulatory system - ✔✔The human body system that contians the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells digestive system - ✔✔the system that breaks down foods into nutrients that can be used by the body, absorbs nutrients, & rids body of solid wastes endocrine system - ✔✔the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. excretory system - ✔✔the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance, group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter

integumentary system - ✔✔organ system that provides protection for the body (skin, hair, nails) muscular system - ✔✔The bodily system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body, maintenance of posture, and heat production. nervous system - ✔✔The body system of nervous tissues--organized into the brain,spinal courd, and nerves--that send and receive messages and integreate the body's activities. reproductive system - ✔✔th system that controls the production of sex cells and hormones respiratory system - ✔✔The system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. skeletal system - ✔✔The bodily system that consists of the bones, their associated cartilages, and the joints, and supports and protects the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals. lymphatic system - ✔✔the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body immune system - ✔✔the cells, tissues, and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen and other parts lungs - ✔✔organs that supply oxygen to the blood kidneys - ✔✔organ that excretes water and waste products heart - ✔✔organ that circulates the blood eyes - ✔✔organs that control vision

brain - ✔✔organ that controls the body liver - ✔✔organ that removes toxic products of digestion skin - ✔✔organ that forms external protective covering of the body stomach and intestines - ✔✔organs that digest food cells - ✔✔The basic unit of all living things protoplasm - ✔✔the living substance of a cell , colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present nucleus - ✔✔control CENTER of a cell nucleoplasm - ✔✔fluid within nucleus deoxyribonucleic acid - ✔✔(DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose cytoplasm - ✔✔the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus cell membrane - ✔✔thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell mitosis - ✔✔cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes metabolism - ✔✔set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes anabolism - ✔✔synthesis of more complex substances from simpler ones

catabolism - ✔✔breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy tissue - ✔✔group of similar cells that perform a particular function connective tissue - ✔✔tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together epithelial tissue - ✔✔a body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out muscular tissue - ✔✔tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body nerve tissue - ✔✔tissue composed of neurons, Carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body daughter cells - ✔✔What cells are called when they reproduce aquired immunity - ✔✔responds to pathogen AIDS - ✔✔Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome antiseptics - ✔✔chemical agents that may kill, retard, or prevent the growth of bacteria; not classified as disinfectants: antibacterial handsoap aseptic procedure - ✔✔Process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies asymptomatic - ✔✔without symptoms autoclave - ✔✔a device for heating substances above their boiling point bacilli - ✔✔aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium

bacteria - ✔✔(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission bactericidal - ✔✔kills bacteria bloodborne pathogens - ✔✔Disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids cilia - ✔✔short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell cocci - ✔✔any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria communicable - ✔✔transmittable contagious - ✔✔(of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection contaminants - ✔✔substances that can cause contamination contaminated - ✔✔corrupted by contact or association disinfectant - ✔✔a chemical substance that kills harmful bacteria or viruses tuberculocidal - ✔✔capable of destroying the bacteria that causes tuberculosis tuberculosis - ✔✔An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs MSDS - ✔✔Material Safety Data Sheets

Fungicidal - ✔✔capable of destroying fungi virucidal - ✔✔capable of destroying viruses. micoorganisms - ✔✔A microscopic living body not perceivable to the naked eye non pathogenic - ✔✔microorganisms which does not usually cause disease pathogenic - ✔✔able to cause disease staphylococci - ✔✔pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes, can cause abscesses, pustules and boils streptococci - ✔✔pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning diplococci - ✔✔Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia spirilla - ✔✔any flagellated aerobic bacteria having a spirally twisted rodlike form motility - ✔✔ability to move spontaneously and independently flagella - ✔✔whip-like structure used for motility infection - ✔✔an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted pus - ✔✔a fluid product of inflammation MRSA - ✔✔Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; an infectious disease caused by a pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics

Local Infection - ✔✔An infection, indicated by a lesion containing pus, confined to a particular part of the body is a HIV - ✔✔Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that causes AIDS Hepatitus - ✔✔inflammation of the liver parasites - ✔✔organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm protozoa - ✔✔single celled organisms with the ability to move independently general infection - ✔✔infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or a virus and their toxins (poisons) to all parts of the body pediculosis - ✔✔infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching scabies - ✔✔a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite fungi - ✔✔have many cells and absorb food from other living things dermatophyte - ✔✔a fungus that infects the skin, hair or nails immunity - ✔✔the quality of being unaffected by something natural immunity - ✔✔immunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual's natural biologic makeup decontamination - ✔✔the removal of contaminants

sanitation - ✔✔making something sanitary (free of germs) as by using epa registered cleaning product for surfaces disinfection - ✔✔destruction of pathogens by chemical or physical means using hospital grade cleaner: quats sterilization - ✔✔the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means) efficacy - ✔✔effectiveness pseudomonacidal - ✔✔A hospital grade disfectant that is formulated to destroy pseudomonas bacteria: Quats - ✔✔disinfectants that are considered nontoxic, odorless, and fast acting. :disinfection viucidal,fungicidal,and bacteriacidal - ✔✔QUATS Phenol - ✔✔carbolic acid; caustic poison; in 5 percent dilute solution is used to sanitize metallic implements Cross Contamination - ✔✔the spreading of bacteria or other pathogens from one food to another universal precautions - ✔✔set of guidelines and controls, published by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and specified human body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens exposure incident - ✔✔Contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid or other potentially infectious materials that results from performance of an employees duties. first degree burn - ✔✔superficial burn; no blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis

second degree burn - ✔✔destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis; characterized by pain, blisters, swelling, and discoloration. third degree burn - ✔✔destroys epidermis and dermis, appear leathery and dark, no pain, insensitivity to pain due to nerve damage; fluid loss & increased risk of infection due to damage of protective barrier fourth degree burn - ✔✔destroy all layers of skin and involve tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones. the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue - ✔✔skin histology study of the functions of living organisms - ✔✔physiology protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion,and absorption - ✔✔the 6 primary functions of the skin protects from external factors - ✔✔sebum protective barrier made up of sebum lipids and sweat to form a hydrolipic film to keep skin from drying out and from exposure to external factors - ✔✔acid mantle protective barrier on the epidermis that protects against irritation and TEWL - ✔✔barrier function protective " oils" that make up the intercellular cement - ✔✔lipids lipids "oils" between epidermal cells - ✔✔intercellular cement a pigment that gives the skin its color and protects us from the sun - ✔✔melanin the outermost layer of the skin - ✔✔epidermis epithelial cells that protect the epidermis - ✔✔keratinocytes

also known as the horny layer because of its scale like cells: it is the top outermost layer of the epidermis

• ✔✔stratum corneum : horny cells "epidermis" a clear layer under the stratum corneum. it is found on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. its epidermal ridges provide a better grip for walking and gripping - ✔✔stratum lucidum: the clear cells "epidermis" cells filled with keratin are here( resemble granules).production of keratin and intercellular lipids take place here. as these cells are keratinized ,they move to the surface (horny layer) to replace cells that have been shed - ✔✔stratum granulosum : the grainy cells "epidermis" spiny layer above the basal layer. this is where cells divide and change shape - ✔✔stratum spinosum : the spiny cells "epidermis" also known as the basal layer: lowest layer of the epidermis:cell division occurs continuosly here to migrate to surface and become strong and protective. melanocytes are here as they create melanin. the sensory and touch receptors are here. - ✔✔stratum germanitivum : the germination or growth layer "epidermis" the live layer of connective tissue below the epidermis: it is 25 times thicker than the epidermis and has only two layers: the papillary layer and the reticular layer - ✔✔Dermis outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis - ✔✔papillary layer "dermis" ridged layer of skin - connects epidermis and dermis - ✔✔dermal papillae "papillary layer" Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fits into the bulb. - ✔✔hair papillae

"papillary layer" The deepest skin layer. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors: it gives the skin its oxygen and nutrients

• ✔✔reticular layer "dermis" a cell from which connective tissue develops - ✔✔fibroblast "reticular layer" protein that gives skin flexibility - ✔✔elastin "reticular layer" a fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength - ✔✔collagen "reticular layer", sweat glands of the skin - ✔✔sudoriferous glands oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles - ✔✔sebaceous glands When this muscle contracts, it pulls hair up - ✔✔arrector pili muscle trans epidermal water loss - ✔✔TEWL fluids slowly escape through epidermis and evaporates into air - ✔✔Trans epidermal water loss "TEWL" means water - ✔✔HYDRO means oil - ✔✔LIPIDIC

a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy - ✔✔Adipose tissue connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis - ✔✔subcutaneous tissue cell division - ✔✔cell mitosis vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes - ✔✔lymph vessels a small opening in the skin that lets out perspiration - ✔✔pores Structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows - ✔✔follicles system that protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration: THE SKIN - ✔✔integumentory system intrinsic - ✔✔situated within or belonging solely to the organ or body part on which it acts extrinsic - ✔✔foreign, coming from outside factors - ✔✔anything that adds to a result; causes subcutaneous tissue - ✔✔fatty layer found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin; also called adipose or subcutis tissue alipidic - ✔✔Skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visble pores. occlusive - ✔✔Substance that promotes retention of water in the skin by forming a hydrophobic barrier that prevents moisture in the skin from evaporating

dehydrated skin - ✔✔may be flaky or dry looking with small fine lines and wrinkles; may also feel itchy and tight: thin normal skin - ✔✔If you can see the follicle size change from smaller to medium just on the edge of the T- zone by the nose, this is a normal skin type. combination skin - ✔✔display areas that are both dry and oily most common skin type. Possibly maybe have larger pores in T-zone. oily skin - ✔✔produces too much sebum and will have large pores, and the skin will appear shiny or greasy sensitive skin - ✔✔must be treated gently the fitzpatrick scale - ✔✔a scale used to measure the skin's ability to tolerate sun exposure Type 1 - ✔✔very fair,always burns never tans Type 2 - ✔✔fair, burns easily Type 3 - ✔✔fair,sometimes burns ,gradually tans Type 4 - ✔✔meditteranian,caucasian,medium to heavy pigmentation, rarely burns,always tans Type 5 - ✔✔Mideastern ,rarely sun sensitive, tans Type 6 - ✔✔black,rare sun sensitivity ,tans easily actinic - ✔✔Damage or condition caused by sun exposure skin type - ✔✔classification that describes a person's genetic skin type

being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering - ✔✔Chronic having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course - ✔✔Acute Measure of how harmful a substance is. - ✔✔toxicity any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part - ✔✔lesion lesions arising from previously normal skin. beginning stages - ✔✔primary lesion (pathology) an elevation of the skin (blister)filled with serous fluid - ✔✔bulla closed sac containing fluid - ✔✔cyst flat, colored spot on the skin...freckle - ✔✔macule tumor,smaller bumps caused by scar tissue,fatty deposits, or infections - ✔✔nodule a small inflamed elevation of skin that is nonsuppurative (as in chicken pox) it contains no fluid - ✔✔papule a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus - ✔✔pustule Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule. - ✔✔tubercle An abnormal mass of tissue.multiplies excesively - ✔✔tumor blister; a sac full of water or tissue fluid eg poison ivyand poison oak cause vesicles - ✔✔vesicles

Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle hives. - ✔✔wheal hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch - ✔✔urticaria lesions that result in changes in primary lesions - ✔✔secondary lesions dead cells formed over a wound - ✔✔crust an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off - ✔✔excoriation a linear crack in the skin - ✔✔fissure raised pinkish scar tissue at the site of an injury - ✔✔keloid shredding of dead skin cells - ✔✔scale an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection - ✔✔ulcer an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin - ✔✔acne an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection - ✔✔ulcer a mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue - ✔✔scar Condition of dry, scaly skin due to a deficiency or absence of sebum that is caused by old age and by exposure to cold. - ✔✔asteatosis A plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle - ✔✔comedone

cluster of connected furuncles - ✔✔carbuncles Benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening. - ✔✔milia Benign lesions frequently seen in the oilier areas of the face. Over-growths of the sebaceous glands appear similar to open comedones - doughnut shaped. - ✔✔sebaceous hyperplasia a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily - ✔✔seborrhea boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle; caused by staphylococcosis - ✔✔furuncle redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose ears or eyelashes - ✔✔seborrheic dermatitis sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumorfilled with sebum ranging in size from a pea to anorange:also known as a wen - ✔✔streatoma lacking perspiration, failure of the sweat glands - ✔✔anhidrosis foul-smelling perpiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet - ✔✔bromhidrosis Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness. - ✔✔hyperhidrosis "prickly heat"; Obstructed sweat drains to upper dermis, causing inflammatory papules that are erythematous, disseminated and pruritic - ✔✔milaria rubra a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale - ✔✔atopic dermatitis

an inflammatory skin condition caused by contact of chemical substance - ✔✔contact dermatitis Inflammation of the skin - ✔✔dermatitis Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions. - ✔✔eczema a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin - ✔✔seborrheic dermatitis swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue - ✔✔edema redness caused by inflammation - ✔✔erythema Infection of the hair follicle - ✔✔folliculitis Razor bumps without the pus or infection - ✔✔pseudofolliculitis an acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face. - ✔✔perioral dermatitis Medical term for itching. - ✔✔pruitis a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales - ✔✔psoriasis Chronic congestion appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose, characterized by redness, dilation of the blood vessels, and formation of papules and pustules. - ✔✔rosacea Permanent dilation superficial capillaries & venules; known as "spider veins" - ✔✔telangiestasia

an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins - ✔✔urticaria unusual darkening of the skin - ✔✔hyperpigmentation unusual lack of skin color - ✔✔hypopigmentation Condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated. liver spots

• ✔✔chloasma Freckles; small, yellow-brown spots - ✔✔lentigenes Term for hyperpigmentation. Pregnancy mask. - ✔✔melasma Birthmark or mole - ✔✔nevus brown or wine colred discoloration- port wine - ✔✔stain a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun - ✔✔tan the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair - ✔✔albinism an absence, either partial or total, of pigment in the skin - ✔✔leukoderma Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches - ✔✔vitiligo abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ - ✔✔hypertrophy Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis commonly known as callus, caused by pressure or friction on the hands and feet. - ✔✔keratoma

An abnormally thick buildup of cells. - ✔✔keratoses Increased thickness of stratum corneum - ✔✔hyperkeratosis keratinized cells - ✔✔keratinocytes precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin - ✔✔actinic keratosis redness or bumpiness in the arms or cheeks:caused by blocked follicles - ✔✔keratosis polaris a small congenital pigmented spot on the skin - ✔✔mole Small outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps. - ✔✔skin tag wart - ✔✔verruca Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. - ✔✔basal cell carcinoma Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules. - ✔✔squamous cell carcinoma Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. - ✔✔malignant melanoma Pink eye - ✔✔bacterial conjunctivitis transient viral vesicle ( cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially mouth and nose - ✔✔herpes simplex virus 1

genital disease - ✔✔herpes simplex virus 2 an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve - ✔✔herpes zoster a very contagious infection of the skin - ✔✔impetigo fungal infection. ringworm - ✔✔tinea ringworm of the skin - ✔✔tinea corporis fungus that inhibits melanin production. - ✔✔tinea versicolor likely to block or clog the pores and contribute to pimples - ✔✔comedogenic wont clog pores; proof not required by law - ✔✔non comedogenic Retin-A: topical ointment - ✔✔tretinoin minor breakouts,mostly open comdones - ✔✔acne grade1 many closed comedones,some open comedones - ✔✔acne grade 2 red inflammed, many comedones,papules and pustules - ✔✔acne grade 3 cystic acne - ✔✔acne grade 4 acute disease - ✔✔develops rapidbly but lasts a short time (eg flu, RSF)

adverse effect - ✔✔undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect: tatto needle contain niclel. .003 per million parts. adverse effects will mostly come fromsensitivity to after care antibiotic ointments. allergy - ✔✔hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen alopecia - ✔✔absence of hair from areas where it normally grows anabuse - ✔✔used for alcohol addicts, avoid all sources of alcohol will make them severely ill. clients taking this drug may have a reaction to the alcohol present in the pigment unless use is discontinued during treatment. anemia - ✔✔Reduced number or size of the red blood cells; a symptom of any of many different diseases, including some nutrient deficiencies antigens - ✔✔foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response. antiseptics - ✔✔chemical agents, applied to living tissues to kill/inhibit growth of microorganisms aspirin,Ibuprofin, and alcohol - ✔✔these thin the blood arrhythmic heart - ✔✔not having a steady rhythm blepharoplasty - ✔✔the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat, skin, and muscle.waiting time is 3 months before treatment can be applied blurred vision - ✔✔must be permitted by doctor priort o treatment to prevent future insurance claims botox or collagen injections - ✔✔must wait 6 - 7 weeks before treatment can be performed brow lift - ✔✔must wait 2 months before a treatment can be performed