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SLP Praxis Practice questions with solved
solutions
Which of the following formants typically characterizes a high vowel?
High-frequency second formant (F2) High-frequency first formant (F1) Low-frequency first formant (F1) Low-frequency second formant (F2) - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. The F1 is inversely associated with tongue height, such that high vowels tend to have low F1 frequencies.
A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The patient's symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of speech?
A.Repeating words of increasing length B.Recalling three common items C.Performing voluntary oral movements D.Following two-step commands - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Inability to repeat two- syllable words is a clear indicator of apraxia of speech.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following factors?
A.Hypotonia B.Digestive problems C.Pneumonia D.Aversive feeding behaviors - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Hypotonia is the leading cause of swallowing disorders in children with Down syndrome.
Which of the following recommendations to a parent of an infant with cleft lip and palate should an SLP make to best optimize feeding for adequate nutrition and appropriate growth?
A.Providing a bottle rather than breast-feeding the infant B.Positioning the infant in a supine position during feeding times C.Allowing the infant to take as much time as needed to feed
D.Using a bottle with a modified nipple during feedings - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. A bottle with a modified nipple allows for greater control over the quantity of liquid expressed and the pacing of feeding.
The head lift exercise published by Shaker et al. (2002) was designed to produce which of the following changes in swallow biomechanics?
A.Increase in laryngeal closure duration B.Strengthening of the base of the tongue C.Increase in diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UESU E S) opening D.Prolonged relaxation of the cricopharyngeal portion of the inferior constrictor muscle - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. The results of Shaker et al. (2002) demonstrated a significant (p<.01p left angle bracket period zero one) increase in the opening duration of the UESU E S.
Which of the following sounds are typically mastered by the time a child turns 3?
A./k/ and /g/forward slash k forward slash and forward slash g forward slash B./p/ and /b/forward slash p forward slash and forward slash b forward slash C./l/ and /s/forward slash l forward slash and forward slash s forward slash D./ch/ and /sh/ - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. /p/ and /b/forward slash p forward slash and forward slash b forward slash should be mastered by age 3 in a typically developing child.
When assessing the ability of a student with cerebral palsy to access an augmentative and alternative communication device, which of the following physical factors must be evaluated first?
A.Upper extremity range of motion B.Lower extremity strength C.Trunk stability and control D.Fine motor dexterity - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Trunk stability will guide the clinician in making an appropriate recommendation for the type of device a client can access as it influences more distal movements.
A school-based SLP wants to discharge a fifth-grade student. The student has mastered all his goals except /r/forward slash r forward slash in conversational speech. The SLP worked with the student for the entire school year, and the student is able to use /r/forward slash r forward slash accurately 75 percent of the time. However, the goal is to reach 90 percent accuracy. Because the student worked on the skill all year and still has not met the established goal, the
3-Option (B) is correct. Information about the severity of the patient's stroke is necessary to estimate the patient's chance of recovery.
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which of the following muscles or muscle groups?
A.Diaphragm B.Internal intercostals C.External intercostals D.Scalenes - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. The diaphragm is the muscle that creates the most volume in the lungs.
An SLP receives a referral from an audiologist for a 72-year-old woman who demonstrates a moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss preventing her from participating in social activities. Which of the following best identifies the SLP's role?
A.Training in speech reading B.Prescribing hearing aids C.Performing an auditory evaluation D.Using auditory integration training - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Providing speech- reading therapy is a primary role for SLPs as it enhances the overall communicative competency for the client.
An SLP provides home practice for a patient with aphasia as part of discharge plans. The patient is approximately six-months post left-hemisphere stroke that resulted in aphasia. Verbal output has improved significantly since the stroke; however, the patient is still very concerned that written expression is moderately impaired at the single-word level. The homework assignment is to implement copy-and-recall treatment to improve written expression, which involves practicing writing target words (from photographs) and then copying those words multiple times. However, during a follow-up phone call, the SLP determines that the patient is struggling to write the assigned target words because the patient "can't think of the correct letters." Although a model is provided on the back of each target photograph, the patient wants to find a way to practice without looking at the ANSWER. The SLP's best course of action is to su - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. This approach would give the client the best access to completing the homework. The letter tiles would provide a support for the client to complete the homework and are a regular part of this treatment approach.
Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBIT B I)?
A.Glasgow Coma Scale B.Scale of Executive Function C.Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development D.Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. The Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function is the only truly "scaled" instrument developed specifically for rehabilitation documentation following TBIT B I.
A large metropolitan school district wants to determine the prevalence of developmental stuttering among all enrolled students during the past year. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for accomplishing the task?
A.Dividing the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students who were enrolled during the past year B.Subtracting the total number of students who received treatment for stuttering during the past year from the total number of students who currently stutter C.Multiplying the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year D.Dividing the total number of newly identified students who stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. The prevalence of stuttering is the percentage found by dividing the number of students who currently stutter by the number of students enrolled in school.
An SLP uses evidence-based practice by integrating the perspectives and values of the client, patient, or caregivers into the treatment plan. Which of the following best reflects simultaneous incorporation of the host culture's perspectives and values and maintenance of the native culture's perspectives and values?
A.Acculturation B.Assimilation C.Enculturation D.Ethnocentrism - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Acculturation is the incorporation of the host culture's perspective and the native culture's perspective and values.
The commonly used chin-down posture was initially developed to eliminate thin-liquid aspiration in people with delayed pharyngeal stage onset after having a stroke, and when its
D.Most of the children who failed the screening did not have a communication disorder. - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Sensitivity is the success rate in identifying all of the children who truly have a disorder.
A 72-year-old right-handed female is evaluated following a left-hemisphere stroke. Findings reveal a moderate Broca's aphasia. Which of the following is the primary goal of intervention for the client?
To improve the client's pragmatics skills and abilities To increase the client's ability to express functional comprehension abilities To improve the client's ability to express production of syntactically appropriate sentences To enable the client's ability to use a digital augmentative communication system - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Improvement of expression, particularly syntax, is the most appropriate focus of treatment for Broca's aphasia.C-
An SLP tries to elicit correct production of the target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash. Which of the following words provides the best coarticulatory conditions to meet the SLP's goal?
A.Spoon B.Sea C.Sob D.Soup - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. The target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash and the vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash that follows it both require lip spreading. The vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash is high and front.
Management of which one of the following examination observations alone will produce the best improvement in the pneumonia risk of an adult patient with chronic dysphagia?
A.Poor oral bolus control and containment B.Poor oral hygiene and dependence for oral care C.Delayed onset of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing D.Impaired distension of the upper esophageal sphincter - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Studies have identified poor oral hygiene (including presence of decayed teeth) and dependency for oral care as significant independent predictors of pneumonia in people with chronic dysphagia.
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of articulation therapy for a 2-year-old patient with a repaired cleft palate and compensatory errors?
A.Cycling through multiple speech goals in a given session B.Having a play-based learning approach to address goals C.Focusing on carryover of speech productions D.Addressing speech targets with high frequency and intensity - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Based on the age of the child, the only appropriate treatment listed is a play-based approach. All other treatments listed are inappropriate for the age of the child.
Early intentional communication typically emerges in the months leading up to a child's first birthday. Which of the following communicative functions typically emerges first in this period?
A.Requesting B.Commenting C.Protesting D.Greeting - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Early intentional communication develops around 8 to 10 months of age, and the first function that emerges is protesting.
An SLP plans to give Cody, an 8-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder, tangible reinforcement in conjunction with the use of manual signs during an object labeling task. At first, reinforcement will be presented every time Cody produces a sign correctly. After several sessions, however, reinforcement will be given after every third instance of correct labeling. Which of the following choices best describes the SLP's reinforcement schedule?
A.Fixed-ratio schedule followed by variable-ratio schedule B.Fixed-ratio schedule followed by continuous schedule C.Continuous-ratio schedule followed by fixed-interval schedule D.Continuous-ratio schedule followed by fixed-ratio schedule - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. At first the desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs followed by a fixed ratio of every third time.
Alternation Attention? Sustained Attention? Selective Attention? Working Memory?
Match the action with the correct term listed above.
D.semantics - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Regular and irregular plural forms are morphological markers.
A patient is referred to speech therapy after a total laryngectomy. The SLP teaches the patient to speak by taking air in through the mouth, trapping it in the throat, and then releasing it. Which of the following treatments is the SLP primarily implementing with the patient?
A.Tracheoesophageal puncture B.Esophageal speech C.Neck electrolarynx D.Intraoral artificial larynx - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Esophageal speech focuses on using the esophagus to provide speech, and no devices are used.
Questions 33-35 refer to the following information.
A 72-year-old male presents to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following a complicated hospital stay. The patient is morbidly obese and has a history of COPD, depression, hypertension, diabetes, Bell's palsy, encephalopathy, and congestive heart failure. During his stay, he was not intubated but became very weak as a result of extended time in bed. In the hospital, he was placed on an NDD Level 2 diet with nectar-thick liquids due to aspiration of thin liquids and poor oral control of regular solids. The patient worked until he was 50 years old, but his health conditions led to his early retirement. Before his hospitalization, the patient did not leave his house very often, and his wife helped him with all ADLs.
While evaluating the patient at the SNF, the SLP noticed that the patient was disoriented and confused, appeared to be hallucinating, grunted loudly when - ANSWER>>2- Option (C) is correct. Once the patient understands that he is in control and can use his voice, he will be more likely to use his voice consistently.
1- Option (A) is correct. Depression can lead to psychogenic disorders and given what this patient has been through, it is very likely that his depression has deepened during his hospital stay.
3-Option (B) is correct. Involving the professional who is treating the psychological piece of the disorder will hopefully lead to success for the patient.
Which of the following is generally considered most effective and appropriate for viewing the vocal folds during phonation?
A.Stroboscopy B.Endoscopy C.Fluoroscopy D.Laryngeal mirror examination - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Stroboscopy is generally the most efficient and effective instrumentation for viewing the vocal folds during phonation.
An SLP administers a language test to all kindergarten children in a particular school and finds that 40 percent fall below the tenth percentile of the normative sample. Which of the following is the most reasonable interpretation of this finding?
A.Forty percent of the kindergarten children in the school have language disorders. B.The school's kindergarten population differs from the standardization population in the language skills measured. C.The SLP administered the test incorrectly. D.The standardization population is not representative of the nation as a whole. - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. If disparities exist between examinees and the norm group in terms of skills and experiences, the conclusions based on the examinees' test performance may be misleading.
A fourth-grade student presents to a school SLP with receptive-expressive language disorder. The student has difficulty with asking "wh-" questions. Specifically, the student tends to ask only "who" and "what" questions. When probed, the student will ask "why" and "when" questions but often uses the terms incorrectly.
When writing the annual Individualized Education Program for the student, which of the following goals is most appropriate and measurable? A.The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with 100% accuracy. B.The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with minimal cueing in two out of three tries. C.The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing and with 100% accuracy. D.The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing in one out of three tries. - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. The goal is specific, measurable, realistic, and time limited and addresses the student's specific needs.
Which of the following is an example of a reversible passive?
B.Counting in numerical order from 60 to 70 C.Saying single words with nasal consonants D.Repeating words with oral-pressure consonants - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. Hyponasality (too little nasal resonance) is most easily detected during the production of nasal consonants.
An SLP designs a series of treatment activities for Jake, a 4 year old who presents with severely delayed phonological development. During one of the activities, the SLP asks Jake to say various word pairs in which two phonologically dissimilar target sounds, both of which are absent from the child's phonetic inventory, are contrasted (for example, "chip" and "rip"). Which of the following choices best describes the treatment approach that is being used?
A.Multiple-oppositions approach B.Minimal-pairs approach C.Maximal-oppositions approach D.Metaphonological approach - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. The maximal-oppositions approach contrasts two errored sounds differing across place, manner, and voicing to gain the greatest amount of generalization.
A clinician is starting treatment with a new client with specific language impairment (SLIS L I). Which of the following is the most appropriate source of information for the SLP to use in developing the treatment plan?
A.Advice from a senior colleague in the speech clinic B.An all-day seminar presented by a leading clinician in the area of SLIS L I C.A peer-reviewed article describing a large-scale study comparing several methods of treatment for SLIS L I D.A conference presentation of unpublished cutting-edge research comparing several methods of treatment for SLI - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. When an SLP is looking for information to develop a lesson plan for a client with SLIS L I, the best source of information is a peer-reviewed article that focuses on a large-scale study and compares several treatment methods.
Which of the following statements about dysphagia screening and assessment/evaluation is true?
A.Screening identifies the likelihood of dysphagia and the need for further assessment. B.Screening identifies the nature and severity of dysphagia and enables treatment planning.
C.Assessment/evaluation is a pass-fail procedure that determines whether or not a patient is aspirating. D.Assessment/evaluation can be performed by non-SLP observers. - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Screening is a method that allows for the identification of dysphagia and determines the need to assess the condition further.
Infants with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to middle ear disease because which of the following muscles is commonly impaired?
A.The superior constrictor muscle B.The levator veli palatini muscle C.The palatopharyngeus muscle D.The tensor veli palatini muscle - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. The tensor veli palatini muscle when contracted opens the auditory tube, equalizing middle ear pressure. When the tensor is not functioning properly, the auditory tube is not opened, pressure is not equalized, and fluid may accumulate in the middle ear. The tensor veli palatini travels around the hamulus of the sphenoid bone, where it has a fanlike appearance, and becomes the palatine aponeurosis, extending from the hard palate to the free border of the soft palate.
Two months after undergoing surgery to improve velopharyngeal function, a client continues to exhibit nasal airflow only on the production of /s/ and /sh/forward slash s forward slash and forward slash s h forward slash, and also exhibits glottal stops for several pressure consonants. The most appropriate next action for the SLP to take is to
A.request consideration of prosthetic management B.request a nasoendoscopic study C.inform the surgeon that the client is not making satisfactory progress D.provide speech treatment to correct compensatory articulation errors - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. It would be appropriate to provide speech-language services with the objective of reducing and eliminating the speech-production errors evidenced by the patient.
Following placement of a tracheostomy tube, a patient recovering from cardiothoracic surgery is successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. A day later the SLP receives a consult to assess patient candidacy for using a one-way tracheostomy valve. Which of the following observations is the most important contraindication for safe and successful patient tolerance of the one-way valve?
A.Oxygen saturation below 95%
A.Accessing stored messages in - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Accessing stored messages with a device can ease the burden of communication and assist the patient in ANSWERing simple questions.
Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for an SLP to try in an effort to minimize the perception of mild nasal emission in a patient?
A.Increasing fundamental frequency B.Using light articulatory contacts C.Reducing mouth opening D.Increasing rate of speech - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Using light articulatory contacts can help decrease perception of nasal emissions.
To compensate for the effects of normal aging on cognitive functions, older adults will naturally demonstrate
A.greater amounts of bilateral activation of prefrontal brain regions B.significant reduction in the activation of the hippocampus C.increased activation in areas of the cortex responsible for visual-spatial processing D.an increase in semantic abilities that do not rely on long-term memory abilities - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. Alterations in the prefrontal areas in particular are some of the changes seen in normal aging, in part to compensate for reduced frontal activation.
A 90-year-old female patient residing in a long-term care facility is referred to the facility SLP for a swallow evaluation. The patient has advanced dementia, is under hospice care, and is currently on a pureed diet with nectar-thick liquids. During the evaluation, the SLP finds that the patient is showing signs and symptoms of aspiration on all consistencies, including pudding- thick liquids. The patient's cognitive condition makes an instrumental exam inappropriate. The SLP's recommendation is nothing by mouth (NPON P O) except for pleasure. The family and patient have decided against feeding-tube placement.
Which of the following is a primary ethical responsibility of the SLP in this situation? A.Asking the family what diet level they would like the patient to consume B.Making a recommendation based on clinical judgment C.Deferring to a doctor or nurse to help with the decision
D.Refusing to write diet orders for - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. In this situation the role of the SLP is to keep the patient as safe as possible. Because the family does not want to pursue a feeding tube, the SLP has to choose the diet that is most appropriate for the patient.
For a patient's use of consonant cluster reduction, the SLPS L P would most appropriately recommend intervention, including words such as
A.knight B.laugh C.stop D.wish - ANSWER>>Option (C) is correct. The /st/forward slash s t forward slash in "stop" is the only cluster occurring in the word choices.
Esophageal and tracheoesophageal (TEPT E P) techniques for producing alaryngeal voice are similar in that both
A.redirect expiratory airflow from the lungs to the esophagus B.result in a vocal fundamental frequency similar to that of laryngeal phonation C.require the speaker to occlude the stoma with either a thumb or a valve D.depend on adequate vibration of the pharyngoesophageal (P EP E) segment - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. Both esophageal speech and tracheoesophageal speech require vibration of the P EP E segment. Esophageal speech uses air from stomach/lower esophagus to upper esophagus/pharynx, where it vibrates the wall. TEPT E P speech requires the patient to cover the stoma to redirect air and initiate vibration. Fundamental frequency is different than that of laryngeal phonation (e.g.for example, variability and prosody).
For a patient with potential pharyngeal phase dysphagia and pooling of secretions following open-heart surgery with suspected recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, which of the following instrumental examinations for swallowing provides the most direct view for evaluating the patient based on history and suspected difficulties?
A.Upper gastrointestinal (GIG I) series B.Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEESF E E S) C.Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) D.Videostroboscopic examination of vocal folds - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage during open-heart surgery would only involve the left vocal fold. This swallowing instrumental examination allows for both assessment for pharyngeal phase
A.form B.content C.use D.semantics - ANSWER>>A- FORM
A 7-month-old infant presents to an SLP for a swallow evaluation prompted by parental concerns related to the child coughing and choking frequently when swallowing thin liquids. The parents have attempted to feed the child small amounts of pureed foods, but the child spits them out.
Which of the following developmental milestones is a typically developing 7 month old most likely to demonstrate during a swallow evaluation?
A.Showing the ability to manipulate food B.Creating vertical jaw movements C.Using the rooting reflex when food is seen D.Engaging tongue elevation patterns - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Using jaw movements to initiate chewing begins to emerge around 5 to 7 months, and it would be appropriate for the SLP to assess whether the child has begun to use this skill.
It is most appropriate for a SLP to treat hyperadduction of the vocal folds by having the client
A.increase muscular effort through pushing or lifting while vocalizing B.use light and gentle vocal-fold contacts C.attempt quick onset of phonation D.use drills with exaggerated contrastive stress on words - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Having the client use light and gentle vocal-fold contacts will help to reduce tension and thus would be effective in treating hyperadduction of the vocal folds. All of the other ANSWER choices listed would serve to increase tension.
An SLP works with a patient who has severe dysphagia. The patient is on a pureed diet and honey-thick liquids. During treatment, the patient becomes tearful and expresses frustration. The patient says, "I feel like I'm not making any progress and I'm never going to eat normal food again. I hate this diet, and I hate doing therapy. I just want to give up." The SLP responds by saying, "What you're feeling is normal, and I understand. You're doing everything you can right now to get better, and giving up isn't the ANSWER." The SLP reaches across the table and places a comforting hand on the patient's arm and has a caring facial expression.
Which of the following principles of counseling is the SLP primarily demonstrating? A.Showing congruence B.Having unconditional positive regard C.Offering the patient sympathy D.Providing emotional suppor - ANSWER>>Option (A) is correct. The SLP is demonstrating congruence by using words and body language that match.
A transfer student is referred for a language evaluation. The student has spoken English for less than a year, and English is not the primary language used at home. To provide the student with culturally and linguistically appropriate service delivery, the student should be evaluated
A.using norms for standard English speakers B.in the student's native language C.with the student's parents present D.based on formal assessments - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Assessment should be administered in the student's native language for accurate results and appropriate service delivery.
Which of the following muscles is responsible for changing vocal pitch?
A.Posterior cricoarytenoid B.Thyroarytenoid C.Lateral cricoarytenoid D.Cricothyroid - ANSWER>>Option (D) is correct. The cricothyroid is responsible for changes in vocal fold pitch as it tenses the vocal folds.
Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from Ménière's disease causes
A.a sudden hearing loss without warning B.fluctuating levels of hearing loss C.complete hearing loss at all frequencies D.bilateral progressive hearing loss - ANSWER>>Option (B) is correct. Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear and causes fluctuating hearing loss.
An SLP is evaluating a preschool child referred for concerns regarding stuttering. In which of the following areas is performance likely to be weaker in a preschooler who stutters than in a typical preschooler?
