SOC 200 Final Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Family Sociology

Download SOC 200 Final Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 and more Exams Family Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! SOC 200 Final Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 Is the family, as a social institution found in every society? Yes, the family is found in all societies and unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including children How does the US Census Bureau define family? The US Census Bureau says that families are "Only people living together who are linked by birth, marriage, or adoption" What are the traits of marriage? -Economic cooperation -Sexual activity -Child bearing Nuclear Family (conjugal family) A family composed of one or two parents and their children. conjugal means "based on marriage" Monogamy "one union" marriage that unites two partners Polygamy "many unions" marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses Polyandry "many men/husbands" marriage that unites one woman and two or more men According to David Poponoe, where on earth are the weakest families? Sweden What region of the world do you find countries that permit polygamy? Most African nations and Southern Asia What are the social functions of the family? Structural/functional: -Socialization -regulation of sexual activity -social placement -material and emotional security Conflict: -property and inheritance -patriarchy -race and ethnicity Is the incest Taboo found in every society? It exists in every society, however exactly which relatives can and cannot marry varies from culture to culture. Where are you likely to find people marrying for reasons besides love? Low income nations such as Sri Lanka, India, etc... Homogamy Marriage between people with the same social characteristics Causes and consequences of romantic love and marriage in the US Causes young people to leave the nest, form their own families, sexual passion can help couples through difficult times. romantic love however is less stable, feelings are changing more constantly, has helped lead to our high divorce rate Effect of industrialization on the number of children we have Industrialization has decreased the number of children you have; they are now more of a liability than an asset. This trend is common in high-income countries. What leads most parents to limit the number of children they have? Finances are often the limiting factor What is the most difficult transition in married life? Living life after the death of a spouse What does the term "Sandwich Generation" mean? The oldest of the baby boomers now reaching 65 will spend as many years caring for their parents as they did their children What US group has the greatest share of female-headed households? African-American families What are the reasons for the rise of the divorce rate in the US? 1- individualism is on the rise, 2- romantic love fades, 3- women are less dependent on men, 4- many of today's marriages are stressful, 5- divorce has become socially acceptable, 6- legally, a divorce is easier to get. What do almost all adults who abuse children have in common? Almost all child abusers have been abused as children themselves What does research say about the consequence of cohabitation? Living together may actually discourage marriage as partners become used to low commitment relationships What evidence might indicate that the traditional family is eroding? Poverty, which leads to poor sanitation and malnutrition. Biggest killer in high-income nations? Chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke that cause most deaths, usually in old age Social Epidemiology The study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population. How is masculinity linked to health? The combination of chronic impatience, uncontrolled ambition, and frequent outbursts of hostility that doctors call "coronary-prone behavior" is a fairly close match with our culture's definition of masculinity. Social factors linked to life expectancy in the US Higher income and greater wealth boosts people's health by improving their nutrition, enabling them to receive better health care, and allowing them to live in safer and less stressful surroundings Life expectancy of whites compared to blacks in the US Life expectancy of white children born in 2011= 4 years higher than blacks. 81% vs 70% of men will reach 65 years old, 88% vs 81% of women. Greatest preventable cause of death in the US Cigarette smoking Who smokes cigarettes? Divorced and separated people, the unemployed, and people serving in the armed forces are likely to smoke. Smoking is much more common among working-class people than among those with more income and education. 19% in US still smoke, 22% of males and 17% of females. 4 percent of middle school students, 16 percent of high school students and 31 percent of college students smoke at least occasionally Most widespread health problem related to eating in the US Obesity Region of the US with the most obesity problem The south, and parts of the Midwest Factors in the US contributing to widespread obesity? More and more people have jobs that keep them sitting in front a computer and sedentary. Children are spending time watching tv and playing video games as opposed to being outside and active. Typical person in the US is also eating more salty and fatty foods than ever. Region of the world with highest AIDS epidemic? Africa, south of the Sahara Euthanasia Assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease. Also known as mercy killing Right to die All people with incurable diseases have a right to refuse treatment that might prolong their lives. But whether a doctor should be allowed to help bring about death is at the heart of the debate Nation where almost all medical care under the control of the government? Socialist nations such as china and Russia and capitalist Sweden which operates under socialized medicine. What medical field presently has a major shortage of jobs? Nursing! Symbolic interactionist approach to health and medicine Health and medical care are socially constructed by people in everyday interaction. what people view as healthful or harmful depends on numerous factors that are not, strictly speaking, medical. both patient and medical staff engage in a subtle process of reality construction. symbolic importance of limbs and other bodily organs; the loss of any part of the body through accident or elective surgery can have important consequences for personal identity Social conflict perspective of health and medicine Points out the connection between health and social inequality and ties medicine to the operation of capitalism. scientific medicine hides the bias in our medical system by transforming this social issue into simple biology. social inequality is the reason some people have better health than others. What is modernity and what brought it on? Changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Modernity (its Latin root means "lately") refers to the present in relation to the past. Social change The transformation of culture and social institutions over time. Does social change always happen? Yes, social change happens all the time, some cultures and societies may change faster than others, but all are constantly changing Is social change always negative, always positive, or both? Social change will always be viewed as having both negative and positive aspects to it, as different groups of people view things differently What are the common causes of social change? Culture, conflict, ideas, and population patterns direct social change. According to Ralph Linton where do most of our elements to our way of life come from? Many familiar elements of our culture came from other lands. For example, the cloth used to make our clothing was developed in Asia, the clocks we see all around us were invented in Europe, and the coins we carry in our pockets were devised in what is now Turkey. What does Karl Marx highlight in the process of social change? Class conflict as the engine that drives societies from one historical era to another. Social conflict arising from inequality (involving not just class but also race and gender) would force changes in every society, including our own, to improve the lives of working people. What does Max Weber highlight in the process of social change? The roots of most social change is in ideas. People with charisma (MLK Jr) can carry message that will change world. Also, early belief of protestants set stage for spread of industrial capitalism. What did Emile Durkheim claim was the defining trait of modernity? Modernization is defined by an increasing division of labor, or specialized economic activity. Every member of a traditional society performs more or less the same daily round of activities; modern societies function by having people perform highly specific jobs. What was Durkheims greatest concern about modern societies? He feared that modern societies might become so diverse that they would collapse into anomie, a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals. What concept did Max Weber use to define modernity? Modernity meant replacing a traditional worldview with a rational way of thinking. To modern people "truth" is the result of rational calculation. Because they value efficiency and have little reverence for the past, modern people readily adopt new social patterns that allow them to achieve their goals. According to Max Weber what evidence is there for modernization? The distinctive character of modern society was its rational worldview. Virtually all of Weber's work on modernity centered on types of people he considered typical of their age: the scientist, the capitalist, and the bureaucrat. Each is rational to the core: The scientist is committed to the orderly discovery of truth, the capitalist to the orderly pursuit of profit, and the bureaucrat to the orderly conformity to a system of rules. Mass society Mass society is a society in which prosperity and bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties. A mass society is highly productive; on average, people have more income than ever. At the same time, it is marked by weak kinship and impersonal neighborhoods, leaving individuals feeling socially isolated. What criticism of modern society does mass society theory offer? Although many people have material plenty, they are spiritually weak and often experience moral uncertainty about how to live. How do individuals typically experience modern mass society? Geographic mobility, mass communication, and exposure to diverse ways of life all weaken traditional values. People become more tolerant of social diversity, defending individual rights and freedom of choice. The mass media give rise to a national culture that washes over traditional differences that used to set off one region from another. According to David Riesman, what is tradition directed social character and other directed social character? modernization brings changes in social character, personality patterns common to members of a particular society. Tradition-directedness is a rigid conformity to time-honored ways of living. Other- directedness is an openness to the latest trends and fashions, often expressed by imitating others. According to class society theory what is the key problem of living in modern society?