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Soc 202 Final questions and correct answers Exam Gendered Social Conflict Theory Perspective - According to Talcott Parsons, these gender roles also support dominant ideologies of gender, gender expectations in terms of "Being a man" and "Being a woman", as well as reinforce ideas of heteronormativity The Nuclear Family - Two roles are established re: common sense, gender roles. As a socially constructed -- and protected -- institution, patriarchy has found itself destabilized at various times Breadwinner: - Male, life, outside the house, working, money maker Homemaker: - Female, life inside the home, child rearing, domestic obligations The Masculine Crisis: - A theoretical examination of male instability as constituted via understanding "what it means to be a heterosexual male." Reveals a state of fear, anxiety, and frustration men felt regarding a perceived "loss of power and status" within key social institutions Genre Theory - A ritualistic approach that suggests Hollywood produces films that reflect audience preferences and desires. An ideological approach that sees Hollywood manipulate audiences through genre convention Ideal Subject: - when we occupy a position that is set ip for us as viewers. Leads to Interpellation Interpellation: - We come to recognize our screen surrogate, identify with our role and maintain it through our consumption. This results in a self-awareness of the consumption of self - a recognizing that the "gendered image" I consume reflects a construction of my likeness
Symbolic Annihilation - An invisibility of gays and lesbians in mainstream entertainment industries. If representation reflects power, this invisibility reflects the powerlessness of the queer community within entertainment industies Charles Cooley's Looking Glass Self Theory: - We imagine how others see our appearance, We imagine other's judgment of our appearance, and Our feelings -pride or shame- are determined by our imagination of judgments of us Gender Representation: - Doing gender, both masculinity and femininity are in many (not all) ways performed gender identities Gender: - is something we do, perform, respond to, maintain, and subvert Symbolic Interactionism - We re-make gender roles through __________ Judith Butler - Believed that gender is "the repeated stylization of the body, a set of repeated acts within a regulatory frame that produce the appearance of a natural sort of being" Status Quos - The process is about enacting gender according to social expectations and in aid of the _____________ Gayle Rubin: - Believed in connecting gender expectation to both performance and deviance. Central to restricting female autonomy over-representation, freedom and behaviours are repressive and ideologies categorized sexual behaviour as good or bad Laura Mulvey - argued, "on gender and the body are complex but objectification need not only and always be regarded as negative". Feminist Film Theory - The conventions of popular culture and cinema are structured by a "partiarchal unconscious that positions women as objects of the male gaze." Pop culture provides images geared towards a male viewing pleasure
Scopophilia and Narcisstic Scopophilia - 2-part system of the gaze privileging a heterosexual male gaze spectatorship if formalized as: Sexuality - As a product of society, is produced or taught: the so-called "gay conspiracy in sex education" for example Jackson Katz - As "social categories of engagement heterosexuality and homosexuality are not objective but rather subjective fields indicating and including inclusion or exclusion within defined spaces" Identity - ________________ "based on the object of one's desire as classified by gender in contemporary understanding, knowledge, and expectation" Heterosexuality - _____________________ is understood as the norm against which ________________ is defined as deviant Gender Norms - By acting outside of _________________, individuals can call into questions the "naturalness" of gender Culture - is where we agree and consent to current social arrangements Cultural Leaders - Culture-based consent is something that is won as _______________ seeks their worldview to be accepted as normal rather than deviant Marginalized identities - According to Michel Foucault: ___________________ are not just oppressed by power, they are also constructed as deviant by those very same power structure Heterosexuality - According to Judith Butler __________________ is dependant upon that- what-it-is-not, queer. both hetero and homo are haunted by other and the homosexual comes to represent the "terrifying sexual other" of the heterosexual"
Gender - If ____________ is "a regulated process of repetition" then it is also possible to perform gender differently or shift it, temporarily or otherwise Queer Theory - _________________ challenges "heterosexuality bias as a privilege as well as a worldview that labels anyone who is not heterosexual as "queer" or other According to Alexander Doty: - Queer theory is open-ended and fluid:, See the language use of queer as political, Rejects binary categories, Embraces more fluid categories of experience and expression, and Is universalizing rather than minoritizing Early Queer Theory - Queer characteristics or viewers are "just like everyone else", Queer characteristics sexuality in action (sex) was simply not shown. Sought to "challenge dominant understanding and uses of sex, sexual, and gender categories rather reproduce some and keep others hidden. Homonormativity - EQT reflects a __________________: A social structure employing "a framework that does not contest dominant heteronormative assumptions of the norm but instead upholds and sustains them". A social replication of a normal social structure ie: a heterosexual one. Simulacrum - According to Jean Baudrillard, as a concept, the ________________ is relevant in our digital era of artifice and imitation as "the it retains merely only the form of the thing it seeks to represent" The Theory of Simulacrum: - We spend countless hours engrossed in the digital realm, We may come to experience the world and its consequences through digital rather than physical means, Thus the digital realm may operate as our "more than real" reality Lil Miquela - The selfie is a way to negotiate between lived experience and mass media. For example: _____________ blurs the lines between reality and fiction and has taken on contemporary status as a simulacrum
Metanarratives: - Totalizing forms of thought: Canadian "values and culture," communism, capitalism, or "freedom". Argued as social constructions that operate through inclusion and exclusion Baudrillard's 3 Levels of Simulation - Postmodernism "is no longer a culture of any recognizable sign or history, but instead a culture of simulations in which three levels distance us from reality" Baudrillard: Simulation - The point when the distinction between original and copy is not destroyed but is compromised Baudrillard: Simulacrum - An identical copy of an original text - the copy has been circulated to the point that the original source is lost or unknown Baudrillard: Hyperreal - When reality and its simulations and simulacrum are experienced as without difference, we've entered into this realm. This was first recognized through "the dissolution of television into life, the dissolution of life into television" Auteur Theory: - Suggests the camera operates like a pen as films are written in a certain style. Argues auteur films reflect a directors' personal vision in which consistency, meaning, style, and theme are revealed Aesthetic Style - ___________ is recognized by Mise-en-Scene meaning the Composition of the shots and editing, Interaction between sound and image, and Use of color and setting, including aesthetics, what the film looks like Genre: - Certain types of film - action, sci-fi, romance - follow set structures, trends, and traditions in terms of setting, story, and structure Advantages of Genre - Used to sell a film to a specific audience as they know what to expect when they see it and Allows for a template to follow when producing, directing, writing these films where you would structure the film to follow a pattern
Disadvantages of Genre: - Creates expectations of which if not kept to or satisfied may result in the audience being left unhappy with the final result Auteur and Genre both - connect through audience expectations: we expect a genre to perform a certain way and expect an auteur to perform a certain way Auteur and Genre differ as - the auteur is singular, an individual, while genre is an open forum in which various filmmakers can participate and contribute The Anderson Genre - Examines "the indie trend of quirky cinema exemplified bu Wes Anderson and duplicated by his many admirers and imitators Anderson Films: - Post-iconic, A move "from cynicism to sentimentity", New sincerity, Intellectual whimsy, and Together his films value unabashed sincerity while at the same time treading a fine line of self-parody or self-reliability Fashion Films - Textually, ________________ reference various contexts - reflectively and ironically - operate as culturally constituted formation and expression. Can reveal affiliation between director and brand and demostrates an ongoing negotiation between art and fashion
