SOC 215 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update, Exams of Advanced Education

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SOC 215 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct

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DifferenceTinTperspectiveTonTgovernmentTbetweenTfunctionalistTandTc onflictTtheoristsT-TCorrectTAnswer- Functionalist→ TNoToneTgroupTcanTdominate,TeachTgroupThasTaTstake.T AndTeachTgroupTcanTchallengeTgovernmentTactions TConflictT → TTheTpowerTeliteTcontrolTgovernmentTactions TheTfunctionalistTperspective:T(DurkheimTandTParsons),TsocialTarrange mentsTexistTtoTperformTsomeTfunctionTofTsociety,TsocietiesTtendTtowar dTstability,Tequilibrium,TandTconsensus.TMacroTlevel TheTconflictTperspective:T(Marx,TMills,TDuBois),TsocietyTisTmadeTupTofTg roupsTwithTconflictingTself- interests,ToneTgroupTtypicallyTbecomesTdominantTandTtriesTtoTmaintai nTthatTstatus,TconsensusTisTrare,Tartificial,TandTshort-term BeTfamiliarTwithTtheTVotingTRightsTActTandTtheTlegalTloopholesTandTam endmentsTtoTitToverTtheTyearsT-TCorrectTAnswer-- TheTVotingTRightsTActTofT 1965 TbannedTliteracyTtests

ItTwasTamendedTinT1982,TprohibitingTstatesTfromTchangingTvotingTproc eduresTinTaTwayTsuchTthatTtheTeffectTwouldTbeTtoTdiscriminateTagainstT minoritiesT

• ThisTrequiredTpre- approvalTbyTtheTJusticeTDepartmentTorTaTfederalTcourtTinTstatesTwithTa ThistoryTofTdiscrimination

WasTrevisedTagainTinT2013,TlargelyTeliminatingTallTprotectiveTclausesT( 016 TelectionTwasTfirstTelectionTinT 50 TyearsTwithoutTfullTprotectionTofTa cts)

14 TstatesThadTnewTrestrictionsTincludingTstrictTvoterTIDTlaws,TfewerTop portunitiesTforTearlyTvoting,TandTreductionsTinTtheTnumberTofTpollingTp laces,TwhichTtechnicallyTdoesTnotTprohibitTonTtheTbasisTorTraceTbutTrest rictsTminorities HowTareTtheTvotingTrightsTofTconvictedTfelonsTdifferentTfromTtheTgener alTpublicT-TCorrectTAnswer-- ConvictedTfelonsTloseTtheirTrightTtoTvoteT(disenfranchisement),ToverTh alfTpermanently.T

OnlyTMaineTandTVermontTdoTnotTrestrictTvotingTrightsTofTanyoneTwithT aTfelonyTconviction,TincludingTthoseTinTprison deTjureTsegregationT-TCorrectTAnswer-- segregationTthatTisTtheTresultTofTanTofficialTorTdeliberateTpolicyT(writte nTlaw)

SchoolTsegregationTthatTisTtheTresultTofTanTofficialTorTdeliberateTpolicyT ofThavingTseparateTschoolsTforTdifferentTracialTgroups

• ExampleTofTgovernmentTdiscriminationTinThousing.T

InTShellyTv.TKramerT(1948)TitTwasTdeterminedTthatTstateTcourtsTcannotT enforceTtheTcovenants peremptoryTstrikesT-TCorrectTAnswer-- theTrightTofTtheTattorneyTtoTrejectTaTjuryTcandidateTwithoutThavingTtoTs tateTanyTparticularTreason.T

TypicallyTrejectTunderrepresentedTpeopleTlikeTminorities,Tunregistered Tvoters,Tstudents,Tlow-prestigeToccupationalTgroupsT

ItTisTillegalTtoTcutTjurorsTbasedTonTraceTorTgenderTbutTveryTdifficultTtoTp roveTbecauseTofTtheseTstrikes

• BlackTjurorsTareTdisproportionatelyTcut determinateTsentencingT-TCorrectTAnswer- judgesTmustTimposeTaTspecifiedTsentenceTforTaTgivenToffense,Tdependa ntTonTtheTcrimeTandTtheToffender'sTpastTrecord mandatoryTsentencingT-TCorrectTAnswer-- judgesTforcedTtoTincarcerateTviolentTandThabitualTcriminals.TExamples → TtheTthreeTstrikesTruleT
• ineffectiveTatTreducingTcrimeTratesT

SignificantlyTincreasedTprisonTpopulationsTandToftenTappliedTtoTlowTle velToffenders. WhatTdoTweTknowTaboutTcrimeTratesTandThowTdoTweTknowTthem?THo wTaccurateTisTthisTinformation?THowTdoTminorityTcrimeTratesTdifferTfro mTthoseTofTwhitesTandTwhy?TIncludeTanTunderstandingTofTtheTFBI'sTUni formTCrimeTRatesTandTtheTNationalTCrimeTVictimizationTSurveysT- TCorrectTAnswer-- TheTFBI'sTUniformTCrimeTReportsT(UCR)TisTbasedTonTarrestTfiguresTandT reportsTsuppliedTbyTlawTenforcementTaroundTtheTcountry.T

TheseTstatsTareTlimitedTbecauseTtheyTonlyTincludeTcrimesTreportedTtoT police,TminoritiesTareTlessTlikelyTtoTcontactTtheTpolice,TincidentsTofTrap eTandTdomesticTassaultTareTunderreported,TandTtheyTexcludeTmanyTot herTcriminalToffenses.T

TheTNationalTCrimeTVictimizationTSurveysTwereTinitiatedTbyTtheTUSTDe partmentTofTJustice,TwhichTsurveyedT70,000TindividualsT

54%TofTviolentTvictimizationsTwereTnotTreportedTtoTtheTpolice,TandTsim pleTandTsexualTassaultsTareTtheTleastTlikelyTtoTbeTreported

• ViolentTcrimes,TpropertyTcrimes,Tmurder,TandTnon- negligentTmanslaughterTatTsignificantlyTlowerTlevels BeTfamiliarTwithTtheTvariousTformsTofTracialTbiasTbuiltTintoTtheTjudicialT processT-TCorrectTAnswer--

givesTprisonTsentencesTtoTpersonsTconvictedTofTaTfelonyTwhoThaveTpre viouslyTbeenTconvictedTofT 2 TorTmoreTviolentTcrimesTorTseriousTfelonies

ineffectiveTatTreducingTcrimeTratesTandTonlyTincreasesTprisonTpopulati ons WhatTisTtheT8thTamendmentTandThowTdoesTitTfunctionT- TCorrectTAnswer-- SpecificallyTforbidsTexcessiveTbailT(frequentlyTviolated)

OriginatedTfromTDennisTMcGuire,TwhoTrapedTandTmurderedTaTwomanT &ThadTanTexecutionTthatTlastedTforT 20 Tminutes

• Bans:TcruelTandTunusualTpunishment,TexcessiveTfines,TexcessiveTbail GenderTandTincarceration,T"Untouchables"T-TCorrectTAnswer-- Women'sTcrimeTratesTareTrising
• WomenTmakeTupTlessTthanT2%TofTcurrentTdeathTrowTinmates
• 93%TofTUSTinmatesTareTmale BeTfamiliarTwithTtheTfollowingTrulings:TGrahamTv.TFlorida,TMillerTv.TAla bama,TandTRoperTv.TSimmonsT-TCorrectTAnswer-- RoperTv.TSimmons:TsupremeTcourtTbannedTdeathTpenaltyTforTthoseTwh oTcommittedTtheirTcrimesTpriorTtoT 18 TyearsTold

MillerTv.TAL:TbannedTmandatoryTlifeTw/oTparoleTsentencesTforTjuvenile sT

GrahamTv.TFL:TbannedTlifeTw/oTparoleTsentencesTforTjuvenilesTconvicte dTofTnon-homicideToffenses IncarcerationTratesTandTdisparitiesT(byTcrimeTandTbyTrace)T- TCorrectTAnswer-- OverT75%TofTvictimsTinTcapitalTcasesTwereTwhiteTcomparedTtoT50%TofTa llTmurderTvictims

DeathTpenaltyTisT11xTmoreTlikelyTwhenTvictimTisTwhiteTthanTifTvictimTisT black

• 1 ToutTofT 3 TblackTmalesTbetweenT 18 - 30 Ty/oTareTinTjail,Tprison,Tprobation,TorTparole
• InTurbanTcommunities,T 50 - 60%TofTallTyoungTmenTofTcolorT^ IssuesTrelatedTtoTjuvenileTsentencingT-TCorrectTAnswer-- 14 TstatesThaveTnoTminimumTageTforTtryingTchildrenTasTadults

70%TofTchildrenT 14 Ty/oTandTyoungerTsentencedTtoTlifeTimprisonmentTw /oTparoleTareTchildrenTofTcolor

ChildrenTareT5xTmoreTlikelyTtoTbeTvictimsTofTsexualTassaultTinTadultTpris ons IssuesTrelatedTtoTmentalTillnessTandTincarcerationT-TCorrectTAnswer-- OverT50%TofTprison/jailTinmatesThaveTaTdiagnosedTmentalTillness

CapitalTpunishmentT-TCorrectTAnswer- theTlegallyTauthorizedTkillingTofTsomeoneTasTpunishmentTforTaTcrime DeathTpenaltyT-TCorrectTAnswer- theTpunishmentTofTexecution,TadministeredTbyTsomeoneTlegallyTconvic tedTofTaTcapitalTcrime DefendantT-TCorrectTAnswer- anTindividual,Tcompany,TorTinstitutionTsuedTorTaccusedTinTaTcourtTofTla w DefenseTattorneyT-TCorrectTAnswer- aTlawyerTspecializingTinTtheTdefenseTofTsomeoneTbeingTchargedTforTcri minalTactivities DisenfranchiseT-TCorrectTAnswer- depriveTsomeoneTofTaTrightTorTprivilegeT(likeTtheTrightTtoTvote) ExecuteT-TCorrectTAnswer- carryToutTaTsentenceTofTdeathTonTaTcondemnedTperson ExonerateT-TCorrectTAnswer- absolveTsomeoneTfromTflameTfromTfaultTorTwrongdoingTafterTconsider ationTofTtheTcase

IncarcerationT-TCorrectTAnswer-theTstateTofTbeingTconfinedTinTprison Life-without-paroleT-TCorrectTAnswer- lifeTinTprisonTwithoutTtheTchanceTofTgettingTout.TMostTextremeTcaseTne xtTtoTtheTdeathTpenalty ParoleT-TCorrectTAnswer- theTreleaseTofTaTprisonerTbeforeTtheTcompletionTofTaTsentence,TonTtheT promiseTofTgoodTbehavior ProsecutorT-TCorrectTAnswer- aTpersonT(publicTofficial)TwhoTinstitutesTlegalTproceedingsTagainstTsom eone SentenceT-TCorrectTAnswer- aTpunishmentTassignedTtoTaTdefendantTfoundTguiltyTbyTaTcourt VerdictT-TCorrectTAnswer- aTdecisionTonTaTdisputedTissueTinTaTcivilTorTcriminalTcase BeTfamiliarTwithTtheTgrowthTofThateTgroups,TtheirTlocations,TandTtheTca usesTforTincreasedThateTactivityTnationallyTandTalsoTonTcollegeTcampus esT-TCorrectTAnswer-- TheTSouthernTPovertyTLawTCenterTmonitorsThateTgroupsTandTextremis ts.T

StrategiesTtoTpromoteTchangeT-TCorrectTAnswer-- RisingTtideTofTprotests

• SocialTmovements ConditionsTwhichTleadTtoTsocialTmovementsT-TCorrectTAnswer-- CollectiveTdissatisfaction
• CommunicationTnetwork
• Resources
• SenseTofTEfficacy
• Leadership ConditionsTforTminorityTledTsocialTmovementsTspecificallyT- TCorrectTAnswer--UnionizationTandTindustrialization
• EconomicTexpansion
• MassTcommunication
• RisingTeducation BeTfamiliarTwithTtheTprinciplesTandTgoalsTforTtheTkeyTleadersTidentified TinTthisTchapterT-TCorrectTAnswer-- WEBTDubois:TSociologist,Tactivist,Tco- founderTofTtheTNAACPT(NationalTAssociationTforTtheTAdvancementTofT ColoredTPeople)

BookerTT.TWashington:TAccommodationist;TbelievedTeducationTandTha rdTworkTwouldTincreaseTtheTstatusTofTblacks.

• MarcusTGarvey:TBackTtoTAfricaTMovement.

RevTDr.TMartinTLutherTKingTJr.:TNonTviolentTresistance.TDevelopedTinTIn diaTbyTGhandi. CompareTandTcontrastTtheTgoalsTofTtheTBlack,TChicano,TandTAmericanTI ndianTmovementsTofT theT1960sTandT1970s:TBlackTgoalsT-TCorrectTAnswer--desegregation

• survival,TeconomicTequality,TpoliticalTpowerT(blackTpower) CompareTandTcontrastTtheTgoalsTofTtheTBlack,TChicano,TandTAmericanTI ndianTmovementsTofT theT1960sTandT1970s:TChicanoTGoalsT-TCorrectTAnswer-- rightTofTfarmTworkersTtoTunionizeT&TincreasedTwagesT(CesarTChavez)
• nationalTrecognition/respectTforT-HispanicTcasualtiesTinTVietnamTwar landTrightsTfromTSpanishTlandTgrants CompareTandTcontrastTtheTgoalsTofTtheTBlack,TChicano,TandTAmericanTI ndianTmovementsTofT theT1960sTandT1970s:TAmericanTIndianTGoalsT-TCorrectTAnswer-- USTgovernmentTtoThonorTtreaties
• landTrights

ptedTbyTtheTwiderTcultureTprovidedTtheyTareTconsistentTwithTtheTlawsT andTvaluesTofTtheTwiderTsociety. StructuralTpluralism:T-TCorrectTAnswer-- oneTgovernment,ToneTlanguage,TsameTmonetaryTsystem;TdifferentTchu rches,Toccupations,Tnetworks,Tmarriage

isTaTconceptTusedTtoTexamineTtheTwayTinTwhichTsocietiesTareTstructure d,TandTspecificallyTisTaTwayTtoTexplainTcoverageTdifferencesTinTmediaTm arkets.TItTisTassociatedTwithTphilosophical,TsociologicalTandTcommunic ationTliterature HeterogeneityT-TCorrectTAnswer- societyTorTgroupTthatTincludesTindividualsTofTdifferingTethnicities,Tcultu ralTbackgrounds,Tsexes,TorTages. AmalgamationT-TCorrectTAnswer- combinationTofTtwoTracialTorTethnicTgroupsTintoToneTthroughTmarriage TorTsexualTcontact.TGraduallyTtheTdistinctionTofTtheTtwoTbecomeTblurre dTandTbecomeTregardedTasTaTsingleTgroup. AngloTconformityT-TCorrectTAnswer- minoritiesTassimilatingTintoTwhiteTAngloTculture AfrocentrismT-TCorrectTAnswer- anTeffortTtoTemphasizeTAfricanThistory,Tphilosophy,TandTculture

MulticulturalismT-TCorrectTAnswer- anTapproachTthatTexplicitlyTrecognizesTandTvaluesTcultureTdifferencesT andTattemptsTtoTbeTinclusiveTofTallTracial,TethnicTgroups,TandTculturalTg roups.TInTeducationTthisTappliesTtoTcourseTcontentT(perspectivesTfromT aTvarietyTofTgroupsTshouldTbeTtaughtTratherTthanTonlyTthatTofTtheTdom inantTgroup). ChicanismoT-TCorrectTAnswer- anTeffortTtoTemphasizeTChicanoThistory,Tphilosophy,TandTculture BlackTLivesTMatterT-TCorrectTAnswer-- goalTisTworkingTforTtheTvalidityTofTBlackTlifeTandTworkingTtoT(re)buildTt heTBlackTliberationTmovement.T

EmphasisTonTBlackThumanityTinsteadTofTpoliticalTrightsT(discrimination ).T

BasedTonTBlackTfeministTtheoryTwhichTintentionallyTrejectsTtheTpatriar chyTandTadvocatesTintersectionality.T

PartisanTandTgenerational.T 4 3%TofTAmericansTsupportTtheTBLMTmove ment,TespeciallyTdemocratsTandTthoseTyoungerTthanT 30 TamongTwhites .T

TheTolderTtheTwhiteTfolks,TtheTlessTtheyTsupportTitTorTdon'tTevenTknowT whatTitTis.T

GrandfatherTclauseT-TCorrectTAnswer- ProvidedTthatTpeopleTcouldTvoteTonlyTifTthey,TtheirTfatherTorTgrandfath erThadTbeenTentitledTtoTvoteTatTsomeTdateTpriorTtoTemancipation- TtheseTlawsTwereTpassedTbyTSouthernTStatesTinTlateT1890's PollTtaxesT-TCorrectTAnswer- designedTtoTkeepTblacksTwhoTwereTdisproportionatelyTpoorTfromTvoti ngTbyTattachingTanTunaffordableTcostTtoTitT(outlawedTbyTtheT24thTame ndment) LiteracyTtestsT-TCorrectTAnswer- tendedTtoTreduceTvotingTopportunitiesTforTblacks,ThispanicsTandTNativ eTAmericans,TallTwhoThaveTsufferedTeducationalTdiscrimination.TTheTte stsTwereTinTall- english,TandTdueTtoTtheTregionsTatTwhichTtheseTwereTtakenT(NewTYork, TSouthwesternTStates),TchicanoTandTpuertoTricansTwereTstronglyTaffect ed.TNewTYorkTlaterTrewroteTtheTtestsTtoTrecognizeTSpanishT(1965.)TApp liedTunequallyT(WhitesTVSTMinorities)TbyTdemandingTmoreTofTminoriti es. WhiteTprimariesT-TCorrectTAnswer- votingTinTtheTDemocraticTprimaryTwas,TwithTlegislativeTpermissionTrest rictedTtoTwhites.TTheTdecisionTbyTtheTTexasTDemocraticTPartyTconventi onTrestrictedTtheTprimaryTtoTwhites,TsoTlongTasTtheTparty- TnotTtheTState,TpaidTfor.TCourtTrulingsTinT 1994 TstruckTdownTallTformsTof TtheTWhiteTprimary