Social Psychology: Social Motivation, Emotion, and Development, Slides of Social Psychology

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Social Psychology Social Motivation and Emotion docsity.com S o c ia l D e v e lo p m e n t docsity.com Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Love Affection Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality Lust Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation Longing Longing Joy Cheerfulness Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria Zest Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration Contentment Contentment, pleasure Pride Pride, triumph Optimism Eagerness, hope, optimism Enthrallment Enthrallment, rapture Relief Relief Surprise Surprise Amazement, surprise, astonishment docsity.com Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Anger Irritation Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness Exasperation Exasperation, frustration Rage Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment Disgust Disgust, revulsion, contempt Envy Envy, jealousy Torment Torment Sadness Suffering Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish Sadness Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy Disappointment Dismay, disappointment, displeasure Shame Guilt, shame, regret, remorse Neglect Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult Sympathy Pity, sympathy Fear Horror Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification Nervousness Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread docsity.com Emotions are Social • The main evolutionary function of an emotion is social communication. – Scan an animal‟s brain while it‟s communicating and you find activity in those areas of the brain which map onto the emotion areas in humans. • When bowlers get a strike, they don‟t usually smile while looking at the pins, they smile when they turn back to the people they are with. docsity.com Motivation Drive-Reduction Theory • Drive Reduction Theory: The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (relieve the arousal). docsity.com Motivation Optimum Arousal Theory • Our biological rhythms cycle through times of arousal. • We are motivated to maintain our arousal at an optimum level. • If we feel under aroused, we will seek stimulation. • If we feel over aroused, we will look for ways to decrease arousal. docsity.com Common Motives • Hunger • Thirst • Sex • Safety needs • Self-esteem and self-enhancement • Achievement motivation • Control • Motivations to Stick out of Fit in • Schadenfreude • Need for Status and Prestige docsity.com Other Social Motives Schadenfreude • A New York Times article in 2002 cited a number of scientific studies of Schadenfreude, which it defined as "delighting in others' misfortune." Many such studies are based on social comparison theory, the idea that when people around us have bad luck, we look better to ourselves. Other researchers have found that people with low self-esteem are more likely to feel Schadenfreude than are people who have high self-esteem. docsity.com Other Social Motives Schadenfreude • A 2006 experiment suggests that men, but not women, enjoy seeing bad people suffer. The study was designed to measure empathy, by watching which brain centers are stimulated when subjects inside an fMRI observe someone having a painful experience. Researchers expected that the brain's empathy center would show more stimulation when those seen as good got an electric shock than they would if the shock was given to someone the subject had reason to consider bad. This was indeed the case, but for male subjects the brain's pleasure centers also lit up when someone else got a shock that the male thought was well-deserved. docsity.com Other Social Motives Schadenfreude • Brain-scanning studies show that Schadenfreude is correlated with envy. Strong feelings of envy activated physical pain nodes in the brain's dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; the brain's reward centers (e.g. the ventral striatum) were activated by news that the people envied had suffered misfortune. The magnitude of the brain's Schadenfreude response could even be predicted from the strength of the previous envy response. docsity.com Other Social Motives Keeping Up With the Joneses • "Keeping up with the Joneses" is a catchphrase in many parts of the English-speaking world referring to the comparison to one's neighbor as a benchmark for social caste or the accumulation of material goods. To fail to "keep up with the Joneses" is perceived as demonstrating socio-economic or cultural inferiority. docsity.com Keeping Up With the Joneses Leads to Conspicuous Consumption • Conspicuous consumption is a term used to describe the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying income or wealth. In the mind of a conspicuous consumer, such display serves as a means of attaining or maintaining social status. docsity.com W e L o o k B e tte r W h e n O th e rs F a il docsity.com