Breastfeeding, Health Policy, Pollution, Waste, Pathogens, Nutrition, & Development, Exercises of Pharmacy

Download Breastfeeding, Health Policy, Pollution, Waste, Pathogens, Nutrition, & Development and more Exercises Pharmacy in PDF only on Docsity! Improment Sessional Exam ($ocial pharmacy ) -2022                           Edit By - kshitij patil. 1.$hort Notes on Breast feeding & its effects 🤔? Ans......              BREASTFEEDING—Breastfeeding is the activity by which, the nourishing the new born baby  with milk from the breast and complete their nutritional demands stands for proper growth and  development upto a certain period. Breast milk contains the water, proteins, carbohydrates,  antibodies, fats, hormone, vitamins, minerals and other immune cells etc.  During the pregnancy female mammary glands undergo differentiation and starts producing milk  towards the end of pregnancy by the process called lactation. Effects of Breast Feeding -  1. fungal infections. 2. Pain Due pumping. 3. Plagged  milk Ducts. 3. Mastitis. 4. Breast Engorgement. 2. National Health Policy ( N.H.P)🤔? Ans........                 National Health Policy – Indian perspective  Health policy— Health policy of a nation is its strategy for controlling and optimizing the social  uses of its health knowledge of intended objectives. The main aim of health policy is decide or  complete physical health, mental health, social health. 2.The slogan Health for (HFA) All was given by the world health organization (WHO) in year  1977(May). The WHO has established 12 global indicators as the basic point of reference for assessing the  progress towards HFA The joint WHO- UNICEF international conference in 1978 at Alma-Ata (USSR) declared that. It is the first international declaration on primary health care (PHC) in Kazakhstan. Three National Health Policy was launched by the Ministry of health and family welfare. 1. First National Health Policy(1983) 2. Second National Health Policy(2002) 3. Third National Health Policy(2017). 3.Air pollution & ill effects 🤓? Ans--   We can survive for some time without food, but we cannot survive even for a few minutes without  air. This simple fact tells us how important clean air is to us. When air is contaminated by unwanted.substances which have a harmful effect on both the living and the non-living, it is referred to as air  pollution. Air consists of a mixture of gases. By volume, about 78% of this mixture is nitrogen and  about 21% is oxygen.  $ources of Air pollution ::: Hospitals generate hazardous wastes that contain disinfectants and other harmful chemicals, and  also pathogenic micro-organisms.  6. Pathogenic organisms 🤔??? Ans.....              The Organisms which is Capable of Causing Disease      in host ( person) is called Pathogenic Organisms. They are 5 Main types ......   Bacteria,fungi,Viruses,protozoa. 7. Millennium Development Goals 😆?? Ans .......                  Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond  to the world’s main development challenges. The 8 MDGs break down into 18 quantifiable  targets that are measured by 48 indicators. This article comprehensively provides all the details  pertaining to Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). All 191 United Nations member states, and at least 22 international organizations, committed to help  achieve the following Millennium Development Goals by 2015: To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger To achieve universal primary education To promote gender equality and empower women To reduce child mortality To improve maternal health. 8.. What is Junk Food?  Junk Food is defined as “any food, which is low in essential nutrients and high in everything else—in  particular calories and sodium. Junk foods contain little or no proteins, vitamins or minerals but are  rich in salt, sugar, fats and are high in energy (calories). Highly salted like chips, high in refined  carbohydrates (empty calories) like candy, soft drinks and high in saturated fats like cake and  chocolates. Major Contents in Junk Food  1)Carbohydrates: The free sugar content has generally been found to be high in carbonated  beverages and desserts offered by the fast food chains.  2)Fats: Junk foods like potato chips, burgers, pizza, fried chicken etc. have high fats content.  3)Trans Fat: It is the common name for unsaturated fat with trans-isomer (E-isomer) fatty acid(s).  9. What is meant By Malnutrition ?😄 Ans.....Malnutrition is defined as “a state of nutrition in which a  deficiency, or excess, of energy, protein and micronutrients causes  measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form (body shape, size and  composition) and function, and clinical outcome. 10.What is meant By Balance Diet...? 😃 And......• It is trying to balance the amount of different types of foods eaten everyday so that it becomes a nutritionally adequate diet. • A balanced diet is one that includes foods from all food groups during the day. The quantities and proportions of these foods need to be such that they fulfil our daily requirements for all nutrients. • In addition the nutrients should be in such amounts that a little bit can be stored in the body to take care of the days when food intake is insufficient. • Balanced diet usually provide 50-60% energy from carbohydrates, 10-15% energy from proteins and 20-30% energy from fats. 11. Define Nutraceuticals ? 🤔 And......Nutraceuticals:- They are define as a substance which has physiological benefits or provide  protection against chronic disease. Nutraceuticals are products, which other than nutrition are also used as  medicine.