Social Work Careers and Education, Exams of Psychology

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SW200 Exam 2 What are the four levels of careers in social work? - Basic specialized independent advanced What are the two entry point careers in social work? - basic social worker specialized social worker (intermediate) What is needed in order to be recognized as a professional social worker? - completion of the education and practice experience specified by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) in its membership qualifications a bachelors degree in social work, or a master's degree in social work (MSW) accreditation - process administered by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) attests to the fact that the public can have confidence that graduates are at least minimally prepared for beginning level social work practice professional certification - the profession's testimony regarding the individual's knowledge, values, and skills the requisite knowledge and competence to engage in practice Academy of Certified Social Workers (ACSW) - created in 1960 1 | P a g e the profession's nationally accepted mechanism for designating those social workers who were qualified at he independent social worker level and was often a requirement for social work jobs required the MSW degree, two years of post-master's experience, a sufficient score ok a national exam, and an evaluation the exam portion of the ACSW became redundant in 2005 and was discontinued as a requirement for membership in the Academy Academy of Certified Baccalaureate Social Workers (ACBSW) - was created by the NASW in 1990 this credential did not catch on as a prerequisite for employment and was discontinued in 1996 What original two programs did the NASW maintain for professional recognition for advanced social workers? - Qualified Clinical Social Worker (QCSW) Diplomate in Clinical Social Work (DCSW) What do all the credentialing programs (at MSW and BSW levels) created by the NASW require? - NASW membership graduation from a CSWE accredited educational program practice experience after graduation adherence to the NASW Code of Ethics usually, a state license or passing score on an appropriate social work exam offered by the Association of Social Work Boards is required as well According to the Association of Social Work Boards, what is licensing? - a process by which an agency of state government of other jurisdiction acting upon legislative mandate grants permission to individuals to engage in the practice of a particular profession or vocation and prohibits all others from legally doing so 2 | P a g e focus on preparing for very specific human service jobs with titles such as mental health technicians, community service aide, case aide, social work technician include a study of human growth and behavior, social problems, the social service delivery system, personal values and self-awareness, and basic communication skills provide field experiences and are carefully supervised by experienced workers `Do social scientists typically engage in the provision of human services? - No, the only exception is specialized areas of clinical psychology and the small branch of applied sociology their purpose is to develop and test theories that will increase understanding of the people or places they study human services/human development - intend to be nonprofessional most people giving leadership in these occupation are professionally trained in other disciplines and have been largely involved in corrections and mental health services why was human services/development created? - by dissatisfaction with the service delivery system human service have been fragmented into problem areas that create barriers to good service because many clients experience complex problems and must deal with multiple agencies, programs, and service providers the integration of services into umbrella agencies and the creation of a broad discipline that can provide a wide range of service is preferable what is the problem with fragmented methods of delivering social services? - it makes it difficult for client to locate help 5 | P a g e interdisciplinary practice - a team approach for providing services the integration of services if a person wants to be a social worker but already has a bachelors degree in another area, what should they do? - get a MSW basic social worker - requires professional practice skills, theoretical knowledge, and values not normally obtainable in day to day experience but the are obtainable through formal social work education Qualifications? requires a bachelors degree from a social work program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education CSWE (Council on Social Work Education) - formed in 1952 offered membership to both undergraduate and graduate schools and undertook a 13-volume curriculum study of social work education at both levels programs under these guidelines would be described as a traditional liberal arts education oriented towed social welfare were taught in departments of psychology and sociology and offered no more than three or four social work courses programs were not professional education joint CSWE-NASW Ad Hoc committee on Manpower Issues in 1968 - NASW members to grant full membership to graduates of approved undergraduate programs and by the CSWE to establish standards for approval of these programs 6 | P a g e required that social workers be included in faculty and demanded specification of educational objectives Curriculum Policy Statement - in 1984 CSWE operationalized a new set of accreditation standards required that each school's curriculum be consistent with the Curriculum policy Statement considerable more explicit than the previous standards advanced standing - in 1972 CSWE granted approval for graduate schools to accept up to one year's credit for special groups of students approx. 85% of the graduate programs offer some form to graduate of accredited programs that typically amount to waiving one to two terms of graduate work what does the employment outcome look like for basic social workers? - 71.4% percent found their first job in social work 86.8% secured employment within six months of graduation over time, 84.3% of BSW were employed as social workers the specialized professional social worker - requires the specific and demonstrated mastery of therapeutic techniques in at least one knowledge and skill method, as well as general knowledge of human personality as influenced by social factors requires the disciplined use of self in treatment relationships with individuals or groups or a broad conceptual knowledge of research, administration, or planning methods and social problems 7 | P a g e for direct service or clinical practitioners who aspire to the advanced level to be recognized, a person must have completed a MSW program, possess an advanced or clinical state license, have a minimum of five year's post-masters clinical experience, perform satisfactorily on a case-based essay examination, and receive a favorable comprehensive supervisory evaluation field of social work practice - a phrase used to describe a group of practice settings that deal with similar client problems each field may include a number of different agencies or other organized ways of providing services What percent of the population to people 65 and over make up? - 12.4% is expected to double over the nest 30 years 10.2% of the aging population have incomes at or below the poverty line 99.3% of older people have health insurance, thanks to medicare 4% of older people have some form of long-term care in a nursing home or other group living facility approx how many people in the US are alcoholics or drug abusers? - between 9 and 12 million its estimated that each individual experiencing drug or alcoholic abuse affects at least 4 other people in some negative way what are the 3 primary factors that should be considered in treating and preventing alcoholism and substance abuse? - physiological factors sociological factors psychological factors 10 | P a g e what are the four primary practice activities of child welfare work? - protective services arranging foster care residential care adoption placements how many cases of child maltreatment occur in the US every year? - 825,000 56% are classified as neglect 21% physical abuse 11% sexual abuse 8% psychological/emotional abuse What happens when CPS receives a referral? - the social worker must determine if the child is in immediate danger, assess the ability of the parents to resolve the problem, and make a judgement about the risks of working with the family while keeping the child in the home if the child is removed, the social worker continues to work with the family in a effort to eliminate the difficulties that led to the referral social worker is responsible for developing a pool of good quality foster homes -must recruit, select, train, and monitor the homes when is residential care appropriate for a child? - group home/residential treatment center chosen when the child exhibits antisocial behavior or require intensive treatment to change behaviors that many create problems for them or others 11 | P a g e social worker selects the residential care facility approx what percent of children are born to unmarried parents in the US? - 35% When a social worker provides neighborhood or community services, what three forms of intervention are typically applied? - community organization community planning community development community organization - involves collecting and analyzing data related to the delivery of services, matching that information with data on population distribution, securing funds to maintain and enhance the quality of services, coordinating the effort of existing agencies and educating the general public about these services ex. community planning agencies, United Way agencies, agencies under religious groups community planning - social workers in this area have the specialized training to join psychical, economic, and health planners requires the ability to apply planning technology in order to project and plan the growth and development of communities analyze the needs for human services community of neighborhood development - based on a self-help philosophy that encourages members of the community to mobilize their resources in order to study their problems and seek solutions grass roots approach - 12 | P a g e they address social and psychological factors that are either contributing causes of medical ailments or are side effects of medical conditions that must be dealt with provide counseling, service as patient advocates, work with self-help groups what do social workers do in public health clinics and private physician's offices? - provide counseling and referral services for medical treatments related to family planning, prenatal care, child growth and development, venereal disease, and physical disability have a role in health maintenance and disease prevention programs in the local communities about what percent of the US population experience some form of emotional disturbance at any one time - 15% social workers are twice are prevalent as psychologist and psychiatrists in the mental health field specialized social worker is typical in this field what are the three practice settings where social workers are most likely to engage in psychiatric social work? - outpatient mental health clinics inpatient psychiatric hospitals private practice provide clinical or therapeutic services, serve as a liaison, arrange living situations what are the three models of social work in business and industry? - employee service model consumer service model corporate social responsibility model 15 | P a g e employee service model - focused on activities that provide direct service to the employees or a business or industry develop and implement employee assistance programs and various supervisory training programs provide counseling to individuals or families consumer service model - role of assisting corporations and businesses to make commitment to the social and economic well being of the communities consult with management on this policies concerning Human Resources, their donations to nonprofit organizations, and social legislation administer health and welfare benefit programs, represent the company in research and community development activities what is referred to a social worker in school settings? - problems with truancy, suspected child abuse, inadequate nutrition, substance abuse, parental neglect, and inappropriate behavior voluntary sector - employs the largest amount of social workers - 37% government sector - employs 34% of social workers business or for-profit sector - employs 29% of social workers how do human service organizations provide programs to clients? - the clients contract with that agency to provide the needed service and the agency employs staff to deliver the program 16 | P a g e how do private practices provide services to clients? - the client contracts directly with the social worker or the private practice group with which the worker is associated client pays directly for the service or depends on insurance to pay what is one reason the NASW requires two years of supervised practice experience beyond the MSW in order to be recognized as an independent social worker? - the person engaged in private practice does not have an agency structure to monitor the quality of service given this requirement provides greater protection to clients against the possibility of contracting with an inexperienced or incompetent worker what is an advantage to the government sector programs? - sometimes client fees are required, but public agencies are largely financed by taxes--the regular flow of tax money offers some stability to the programs legislative bodies are authorized to levy taxes so human needs can be met, and in times of economic difficulty when voluntary contributions may be reduced, they have the power to tax and maintain the services mutual aid organizations - created to facilitate members of a group providing services for other members of that group ex. churches or labor unions support some human service programs, yet rarely employ professional staff sectarian/faith-based programs - sometimes staffed by social workers a substantial number of human services are provided to members by synagogues and various denomination groups 17 | P a g e those organizations external to the community that have the authority to at least partially shape the services or operating procedures of a local agency these agencies give up some autonomy as they are committed to operate within the guidelines of the national organization local voluntary agencies must meet state licensing requirements or other state standards if they are vendors of services to public agencies creates larger geographic area for securing funds to support the services, making it possible to more adequately meet needs what are the fundamental elements of a bureaucratic structure? - 1. division of labor 2. hierarchy - specific lines of authority exist 3. consistent system of rules 4. spirit of impersonality - work is to be performed without favoritism or prejudice entering official decisions 5. employment constitutes a career - persons are employed only the on basis of technical qualifications required by the organization, with rewards to encourage loyalty, and offer opportunity primary discipline - the primary services provided call for social work expertise, most key jobs require social work training, and social workers hold the major administrative jobs ex. child welfare, family services, income maintenance equal partner - the social worker is an equal partner along with members of one or more other disciplines maximizes interdisciplinary cooperation ex. fields of aging, mental health, community services 20 | P a g e secondary discipline - social work is the guest of the primary discipline in these agencies the needs of social work receive lower priority ex. hospitals --social services are provided via physician's referral group practice - social worker participates with members of other disciplines can be a co-owner of the business supportive practice - social worker supports a member of another profession provide more general services in the office of another discipline (ex. physician's office) or refer people to appropriate resources sole owners - involves securing office space, hiring staff, advertising services, making contracts, etc., does everything related to the management of a small business what percent of social workers are engaged in part-time private practice? - 17% what are the four groups of social workers who elect to engage in part-time private practice? - 1. agency practitioners who welcome the independence and additional income 2. social workers in supervisory or administrative positions who wish to maintain client contact and clinical skills 21 | P a g e 3. educators who wish to have sufficient practice activity to remain sufficiently current with a practice to effectively teach clinical courses 4. social workers who are parents of young children and need to control their hours of work concerns related to private practices - 1. private clients do not have an agency monitoring system to provide protection against incompetence or abuses of the professional monopoly 2. because many private practitioners work on a part time basis, some agencies are concerned that it detracts from agency practice 3. that the worker will not do justice to their agency responsibilities because of the amount of time and energy that goes into it 4. takes clients away from agencies 5. the social worker will become their own agent instead of being an enabler for the agency 6. social worker may not meet minimum standards set by the NASW for private practice what are the three main factors that underlie the dramatic growth of the muslim population in the US? - high levels of immigration comparatively high birth rates among muslim women Americans converting to Islam may now be the second largest spiritual tradition in the US spiritual competency - can be understood as a more specific, faith-based form of cultural competency thought of as the process of developing: 1. an empathic understanding of the clients spiritual worldview 2. intervention strategies that are appropriate, relevant, and sensitive to the clients worldview 3. knowledge of one's own biases that might affect the proper implementation of steps one and two ecosystems model in Islam - islamic culture tends to view the individual as a person who is part of environmental systems 22 | P a g e 2.5% of wealth is given to address economic inequalities and promote general welfare of the Islamic community those who are poor are exempt from giving yearly fast during Ramadan - is based upon the lunar calendar -is 10 days earlier each year must abstain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual activity from sunrise to sunset to foster spiritual renewal encourages Muslims to empathize with those less fortunate than themselves pilgrimage to Mecca - at least once during their lifetime, individuals are expected to make the pilgrimage unless financial or physical impediments exist what percent of muslims in the US were born outside of the US? - approx 64% islamic community within US consists of people from at least 80 nations 36% of them arrived between 1980-1989 and 24% between 1990-2001 approx 80% of American muslims are sunnis over 40% of Muslims in the United States work in... - managerial, medical, or professional/technical occupations half earn more than $50,000 annually 25 | P a g e foreign born muslims tend to be members of the middle to upper middle class roughly 1/4 of regular mosque participants live in households with incomes below $20,000 marriage views in Islam - the concept of lifelong singleness is foreign and divorce is strongly discouraged (but allowed) marriage is viewed as a means of spiritual and personal fulfillment that fosters social good types: egalitarian marriage model (very uncommon in Islam) complementary marriage model (most common) egalitarian marriage model - husbands and wives are of equal worth but have complementary roles men are responsible for the material provision and leadership of the family, while women have the primary responsibility of maintaining the home and raising the children complementary marriage model - does not mean that women are precluded from working outside the home or that men do not participate in housework women commonly work outside the home and men frequently assist with housework as a mark of mutual respect, spouses often consult with each other when faced with important decisions when are you expected to start practicing the five pillars of faith as a muslim? - youth reaching puberty god's sovereignty (islam) - 26 | P a g e god is omnipotent and personal--at the center of the Muslim's existence Nothing happens to the Muslim apart from God's will jins - in islam, they are satan, angels, and other supernatural beings possession by a jin is a possibility Islamic views on social relationships between the sexes? - many feel that men and women should not mix socially with members of the opposite gender the sexes should be separated after kindergarten virtue in islam - virtue provides the foundation of human happiness behavior that is injurious to others, whether mentally, psychically, or morally, is forbidden euthanasia, suicide, and abortion (except when the mother's life is at stake) are not permitted homosexuality is not sanctioned sexual activity is reserved for marriage and is viewed as a gift from God halal - used to describe beef, poultry, and sheep that have been lawfully slaughtered according to Islamic specifications cannot eat pork, will sometimes accept kosher meals diaphobia - 27 | P a g e