Sociological Perspectives on Health, Crime, and Social Issues, Exams of Nursing

Download Sociological Perspectives on Health, Crime, and Social Issues and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! SOC 152 Final Exam Define life expectancy - Answer -the average number of years a person born in that given year can expect to live Know general gender differences related to life expectancy and healthcare seeking behavior - Answer -1. Women out live men by more than 6 yrs 2. Women have worse health than men in many areas 3. Men have more life threatening diseases 4. Men lead more unhealthy lifestyles: smoking, drinking, reckless driving, work around environmental hazards 5. Men are more reluctant to discuss and seek help for their medical problems Be able to identify factors that account for the social class-health link - Answer -1. Lack of education 2. Unhealthy lifestyles: smoking, high-fate diet, avoid exercise 4. Poor living conditions 5. Lack of access to adequate healthcare 6. Stress associated with unemployment & low wages Know trends related to the relationship between race and morbidity. - Answer -1. African Americans expected to live 5 yrs less than white American 2. Black infants more than twice as likely as white infants to die before 1st birthday; Latino and Native American infants almost 1.5 times 3. Rates of morbidity are higher for blacks than whites for most diseases Define medicalization and be able to identify some examples of medicalization and demedicalization (Medley-Rath) - Answer -The process by which nonmedical problems become defined and treated as medical problems 1. Biomedical and Cosmetic Enhancements: aesthetic surgeries 2. Medical Surveillance/Interventions: mammography, pap smears, prenatal testing, male circumcision 3. Medicalization of Normal Life Events: infertility, childbirth, menopause, aging, hormone replacement therapy, PMS, menstrual suppression, erectile dysfunction What are the negative consequences of medicalization? (Medley-Rath) - Answer -1. When medical intervention occurs regardless of medical need and causes harm to individuals 2.Research on deadly disease is often neglected fro more high-profit drug research 3. The boundaries of what is considered normal are narrowed 4. It is economically costly Review Medley-Rath's discussion about the 1997 FDA ruling that weakened guidelines regarding direct- to-consumer advertising. - Answer -Give name, uses, and most significant side effects What do consumers typically see prices for medical procedures? (Rosenthal) - Answer -Consumers do not see prices until after the service is provided , if at all What is a produce desert? (Brawley and Goldberg) - Answer -When the primary food stores do not offer many healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables How many people were uninsured at the time that the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010? - Answer -47 million Know what the main goals of the Affordable Car Act was - Answer -make insurance affordable Who were some demographic characteristics of the uninsured at the time that the ACA was passed? - Answer -1. 2/3 were white 2. Members of racial and ethnic groups were more than likely than whites to be uncovered What constitutional amendment allows for involuntary servitude where convicted of a crime? (Thompson) - Answer -13th Amendment How does felon disenfranchisement distort democracy? (Thompson) - Answer -6.1 million Americans were not allowed to vote because they had a felony disenfranchisement What is environmental racism? (Brehm and Pellow) - Answer -Largely black and lower income community would be home to a toxic waste facility and several chemical plants that causes health concerns among its residents What is the treadmill of production thesis of environmental inequalities? (Brehm and Pellow) - Answer - AN economic-based explanation based on the ides that there is an ever growing need to generate new goods in a capitalist marketplace which requires continuous inputs of energy and expansion, benefits and risks are unequally distributed Which agricultural industries receive subsidies from the government, and which do not? (Jones) - Answer -1. Do: proccessed starch, animal product, sugar 2. Don't: fruits, vegetables, nuts Large grain farmers, CAFOs, farms aren't registered high on the list What are some trends in U.S. farming today? (Jones) - Answer - What factors do public health pamphlets tend to emphasize when outlining causes of cancer? (Steingraber) - Answer -Genes/genetics and lifestyle choices What theory illustrates that as a society becomes more industrialized, population growth slows? - Answer -Demographic Transition Theory 1. Birth rates and death rate become lower due to changing values regarding family size, availability of contraception, medical progress, and education How has the rate of immigration relative to the U.S.-born population changed since the early 20th century? - Answer -The rate of immigration relative to the U.S.-born population has decreased since the early 20th century What proportion of immigrants in the U.S. today are undocumented? - Answer -1/4 (11 million) What are some areas for improvement with regard to how the U.S. treats its immigrants, according to the MIPEX report? - Answer -allow immigrants federal benefits, retract the large fees for immigration procedures, make immigration laws less complex, visa availability is limited Review the Gonzales reading ("Learning to be Illegal")—what's the overall purpose of his study? - Answer -Undocumented students face challenges in the US According to Gonzales, why are undocumented youth unable to "linger in adolescence"? - Answer - Safety nets: social security, drivers license What have the effects of strict state-level laws regarding undocumented immigrants been regarding self-deportation? - Answer -Denial of schooling and various social services What is the DREAM Act? What is DACA? - Answer -1. proposal that would give undocumented students a path to citizenship either by serving in the armed forces or by attending college 2. It temporarily halts deportation of young, undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. illegally and it allows those who came to the country as children to defer action from deportation for two years. How have attitudes about same-sex marriage changed in recent years? (Hull) - Answer -1. They know someone who is gay or lesbian 2. They thought about the issue more 3. They got older and became more open-minded 4. Same-sex marriage seemed inevitable 5.Everyone should have freedom of choice 6. A general belief in equal rights How have claims-makers shifted their arguments around same-sex marriage? (Hull) - Answer - Opponents of same-sex marriage have moved from arguments concerning morality to arguments concerned with religious liberty and the well-being of children For what reasons have people changed their mind in favor of same-sex marriage over time? (Hull) - Answer -Supporters of same-sex marriage have moved from arguments about rights to arguments focused on the universality of love and equal legal protection of all families For what reasons does Gladwell argue social media is unable to effect significant change? - Answer -1. There is no centralized leadership 2. Social media relies on weak ties 3. No one actually cares about the causes they claim to support on social media Why has the NAACP been so successful, according to Gladwell? - Answer -Centralized organization What are the trends related to women and social media? (Jetter) - Answer -Women's influence online is growing dramatically, largely because of their affinity for social networks What does Jetter identify as the biggest challenge that activists face online? - Answer -Moving people into direct action What is privilege? (Johnson) - Answer -A family, a workplace, a society—is organized around three basic principles: dominance, identification, and centeredness. What does Johnson say we need to do in order to stop racism, sexism, and privilege? - Answer - Acknowledge that the trouble exists, pay attention and do something