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Sociology Straighterline Actual

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Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey. He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter, which includes a large number of family members and mountains of food consumed during a long dinner, is the best way to celebrate this holiday. Joe is illustrating ethnocentrism An ethnic group is a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________. belief; action A Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. This is an example of the contact hypothesis German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of ethnic groups Which one of the following would NOT be an example of assimilation? a Muslim woman wearing her traditional headscarf while out shopping in her U.S. suburb At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet the height requirement. This was an example of institutional discrimination Which of the following terms refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people? prejudice Institutional discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society Segregation refers to the act of physically separating two groups, an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group Ethnocentrism refers to

the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others Genocide refers to the process of deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation 00:0201: In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II. Japanese Americans A person proclaims loudly that "all Black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare." This is an example of a stereotype An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as a glass ceiling A minority group is a group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group Racism is defined as a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior Which of the following would NOT be considered discrimination? Sue believes poor people are criminals In sociological terms, members of a minority group experience unequal treatment A stereotype is a(n) unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group Women earn what percent of every dollar a man earns? 80 percent In what year did the Supreme Court rule in favor of allowing women the right to terminate a pregnancy? 1973 Women do the majority of housework in which of the following? all countries The "second shift," which refers to the double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—was the subject of analysis by Arlie Hochschild The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as feminism Although it does not explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit? functionalist perspective Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"? A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband. Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? organizing a birthday lunch at work

Which Supreme Court decision granted women the right to terminate pregnancies? Roe v. Wade Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity"? opening a door for a female The expectation that a woman will be nurturing is an example of a gender role For every one stay-at-home dad there are ________ stay-at-home moms. 38 Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called homophobia What percentage of adult women in the United States were in the labor force as of 2011? around 58 percent Functionalists view gender roles in which of the following ways? Gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance. Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections? Nineteenth Amendment Arlie Hochschild concluded women work how much more time in a year compared to men, due to the notion of the second shift? extra month of 24-hour days In what year did women win the right to vote in national elections? 1920 The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as sexism Conflict theorists view gender differences as a reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group, such as men. A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) nuclear family The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of female-headed households among the poor What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years? increase in the social acceptance of divorce Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles—living together in the same household constitute a(n) extended family Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society? functionalist perspective Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(n) patriarchy Machismo refers to a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. Feminists suggest that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective?

conflict perspective The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as exogamy A matriarchy is a society in which women hold greater authority than men The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as adoption In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is an example of polygyny In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives take on both the positive and negative aspects associated with White households. Approximately what percentage of couples in the U.S. will marry, divorce, and remarry over the course of a lifetime? 45 percent Which of the following percentages reflects the proportion of married women in the U.S. who were in the labor force in 2010? 69 percent Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they eventually decide not to get married. This is an example of cohabitation Which of the following statements regarding current American Psychiatric Association guidelines relating to homosexuality is accurate? They state that "being gay is just as healthy as being straight." In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals? egalitarian Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education? More women than men are participating in higher education. What is tracking? the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children? Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests. Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status? conflict perspective Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education? functionalist perspective Critics of bilingualism in schools in the United States argue that bilingualism undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted

In schools in the United States, bilingual education has been defended on the grounds that it is a means to encourage cultural diversity Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benign —for example, it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions, thereby meeting society's need for talented and expert personnel? functionalist perspective In the United States, schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience illustrates the hidden curriculum Numerous sociological studies have revealed that additional years of formal schooling are associated with which of the following? openness to new ideas You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? impersonality Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a manifest function of education An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as credentialism Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? conflict perspective The average salary of teachers in the United States places them near the average of all wage earners in the nation Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a latent function of education Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? hierarchy of authority The hidden curriculum refers to the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools Federal Title IX policies required schools to give girls more opportunities to play sports Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations can be considered dysfunctions of religion The concept of the sacred encompasses

elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear A table, an incense stick, and candelabra can all be considered both sacred and profane items Secularization is the process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes According to Émile Durkheim, religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious belief Which is the important text for followers of Islam? Koran The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." The relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates secularization The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious experience The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as profane A sect is a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as religious beliefs Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society? functionalist perspective Which is the single largest faith in the world? Christianity Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious ritual Which of the following is true regarding Islam? Muslims vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality? conflict perspective Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as fundamentalism On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious rituals Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as religious rituals The medicalization of society refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control

The scientific study of population is demography The industrialized nations of North America and Europe account for only 12 percent of the world's population but are responsible for what percentage of the world's consumption? 60 percent Which of the following is characteristic of a society with a stable population growth? more married women in the workforce Which of the following influences fertility rates? age of entry into sexual unions use of contraception religious values Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have higher rates of mortality and disability In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on micro-level study of the roles played by health care professionals and patients? interactionist perspective An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on criteria established by themselves; their relatives, friends, and coworkers; and medical practitioners Out of the following nations, which has the highest infant mortality rate? United States The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under 1 year old per ________ live births in a given year. 1, Which of the following most specifically describes the significant rise in the earth's surface temperature as a result of industrial gases? climate change Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive? Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms Which of the following describes an impact of globalization on the environment? Globalization can create a race to the bottom, as polluting countries relocate to places without strict environmental standards. As international barriers fall, multinational corporations have an incentive to consider the cost of natural resources. Globalization allows multinationals to reap the resources of developing countries for short-term profit. Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." This power is described by labeling theory Which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the U.S. since 1950? The general public has become more open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used to determine coverage for many mental health services. A nation's level of nutrition, its acceptance of immunization and sanitation, and its general commitment to health care and education are major factors in its

mortality rate The primary mechanism of collecting population information is the census According to Marx, what was the main cause of society's social ills? capitalism Currently, which of the following accounts for more than half of the population growth in the United States? legal immigration