Solutions for Final Exam - General Psychology | PSYC 101, Study notes of Psychology

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Topic: What is Psychology? Disclaimer: All questions were written by PSYC 101 students, and they have not been edited in any way. They are in the original wording submitted by students. Some items may have typos, misspellings, or incorrect information. If you are using these questions to study for the final exam, then be looking for these potential problems. They will present some “desirable difficulties” for you!

1. What does it mean to say that psychology is empirical? a. It was created by an emperor in Ancient Greece b. It takes into account many factors c. It relies on research, observation and actual knowledge d. It is subjective and can be interpreted many ways Answer: C: It relies on research, observation and actual knowledge
2. What is the goal of psychology research? a. To gain an accurate knowledge base b. To see how much researchers can manipulate patients c. To publish excellent scientific papers d. To use questionable methods of treatment on research participants Answer: A: To gain an accurate knowledge base
3. How would the a psychologist using the psychoanalytic perspective explain why a first year college student is homesick? a. She unconsciously feels her parents will not love her anymore since she doesn’t live with them anymore or see them often. b. Her roommate is homesick too and always talks about wanting to be at home c. Her evolutionary ancestors did not leave home until a much older age, so her leaving home prematurely caused these feelings d. She thinks about her mom often and remembers the fun times they had when she was at home, which in turn makes her think about and miss those times Answer: A: She unconsciously feels her parents will not love her anymore since she doesn’t live with them anymore or see them often.
4. Annie is very scared of mice. Her mom is also very scared of mice. A mouse was in her room for an entire week when she was little and it would jump out at her and keep her up at night, contributing to her current fear. Which of the following explains why Annie is now afraid of mice after a week-long encounter? a. Classical conditioning is the only way to explain her behavior b. Operant conditioning is the only way to explain her behavior c. Her mother’s fear of mice is the main reason Annie is now afraid of mice d. A combination of factors have caused Annie to be afraid of mice Answer: D: A combination of factors have caused Annie to be afraid of mice.
5. How would the behavioral perspective explain why a college student is irresponsible and drinks too much alcohol at a party? a. Many of his friends are drinking excessively at this party and in the past, when he has been drunk, many girls have come and talked to him and his friends have told him how fun he is. b. He thinks that he will look cooler if he drinks c. He subconsciously thinks his father will love him more if he drinks in excess because his father is an alcoholic d. His evolutionary ancestors perceived drinking in excess to be a desirable trait, thereby causing him to think it is a desirable trait. Answer: A: Many of his friends are drinking excessively at this party, and in the past, when he has been drunk, many girls have come and talked to him and his friends have told him how fun he is.

1. What is the definition of psychology? a. The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior b. The profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of the science to practical problems c. The science which seeks to completely explain the human mind d. Answers A & C Answer: d – the science that studies behavior and the profession that applies knowledge to practical problems
2. Developmental Psychology is: a. The study of the development of psychology as a science b. The study of human development across the life span c. The study of how people learn and the best ways to teach them d. The study of higher mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, and information processing Answer: b – the study of human development across the life span
3. Clinical neuropsychologists: a. Are involved in the assessment and treatment of people who suffer from central nervous system dysfunctions due to injury or other causes b. Apply psychological principles to issues arising in the legal system c. Perform a wide variety of tasks in the world of business and industry d. Provide assistance to people struggling with everyday problems of moderate severity Answer a –are involved in the assessment and treatment of people who suffer from central nervous system dysfunctions due to injury or other causes
4. What does it mean when we say that psychology is empirical? a. Psychology is superior to any other science b. Psychology is not truly a science c. Psychology is based on knowledge that is acquired through observation d. Psychology is based solely on assumptions we make about our own behavior Answer c – psychology is based on knowledge that is acquired through observation
5. Which of the following is not one of the seven unifying themes of psychology? a. Psychology is theoretically diverse b. Behavior is not shaped by cultural heritage c. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context d. Heredity and Environment jointly influence behavior Answer b – behavior is not shaped by cultural heritage
6. Freud is to unconscious as… A. Watson is to behaviorism B. Skinner is to behaviorism C. Wundt is to humanism D. Rogers is to cognitive Correct answer: A. Watson is to behaviorism
7. Peyton was adopted by wealthy musicians. At an early age, she was exposed to a “posh” lifestyle and was surrounded by individuals who never worried about money. Peyton observed her parents purchase anything they wanted without contemplation. Because Peyton was exposed to this type of lifestyle, she developed a careless mentality with her money. Which perspective least applies? A. Evolutionary B. Behavioral C. Humanistic

D. Psychoanalytical Correct answer: C. Humanistic

3. Using the question above, which perspective most applies? A. Evolutionary B. Behavioral C. Humanistic D. Psychoanalytical Correct answer: B. Behavioral
4. Who is characterized as the “Father of Psychology?” A. William James B. Wilhelm Wundt C. B. F. Skinner D. Ivan Pavlov Correct answer: B. Wilhelm Wundt
5. Which perspective says human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information. A. Psychoanalytic B. Humanistic C. Biological D. Cognitive Correct answer: D. Cognitive
   1. Who is known for being the chief architect of functionalism? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. William James c. Edward Titchener d. Charles Darwin Correct Answer: B-William James
   2. _________ theory focuses on unconscious determinants of behavior a. Introspection b. Behavior c. Cognition d. Psychoanalytic Correct Answer: D- Psychoanalytic
   3. Which perspectives studied is not matched correctly with it’s principal contributer? a. Cognitive & Carl Jung b. Behavioral & John P Watson c. Humanistic & Carl Rogers d. Biological & Roger Sperry Correct Answer: A- Cognitive & Carl Jung
   4. The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is a. Thinking b. Analysis

c. Cognition d. Psychology Correct Answer: C-Cognition

5. Which of the following is not an area of interest of positive psychology? a. Positive cultural influences b. Positive subjective experiences c. Positive individual traits d. Positive institutions and communities Correct Answer: A-positive cultural influences

1. Jeff believes that the human body developed hair to stop others from reading his mind. This theory is based off of which psychological perspective? A) Educational psychology B) Evolutionary C) Cognitive D) Behavioral Answer: B – Evolutionary
2. Since early childhood Mike would do pushups every time he watched Sports Center. 10 years later Mike unconsciously does pushups every time Sports Center comes on. What Psychological perspective involves this scenario A) Evolutionary B) Psychoanalytic C) Humanistic D) Cognitive Answer: B - Psychoanalytic
3. The definition of psych is? A) Breath, Soul and Spirit B) The ability to understand one’s mind C) Reading one’s mind D) How the brain functions Answer: A – Breath, Soul and Spirit
4. Once Alex leaves his house and walks through the park, he begins to hum and emotions change to calm. Looking at this scenario in a Behavioral Perspective, this change in emotion is due to? A) Lack of Sleep B) Walking C) the color green D) Environment Answer: D – environment
5. Meditation allows an individual to increase personal growth and freedom. This effects which psychological perspective A) Evolutionary B) Psychoanalytic C) Humanistic D) Cognitive

Answer: C – Humanistic

2. Which of the following is not one of the themes of psychology? a) Psychoanalytic b) Cognitive c) Behavioral d) Multifactorial Correct Answer: d) multifactorial
3. What is psychology the study of? a) The study of the stars b) The study of the body c) The study of the mind d) The study of human behavior Correct Answer: c) the study of the mind
4. Which theme emphasizes body structures and body processes? a) Humanistic b) Biological c) Cognitive d) Evolutionary Correct Answer: b) biological
5. Psychology: a) Has no simple explanations b) Is not a real science c) Only uses one theory d) Is not subjective to individual studies Correct Answer: a) has no simple explanations
   1. Who is considered the founder of psychology? a. Sigmund Freud b. Wilhelm Wundt c. John B. Watson d. B.F. Skinner Answer: Wilhelm Wundt
   2. Behavior is influenced by a. A combination of genetics and environmental factors b. Mostly genetics c. Someone’s upbringing d. Biological factors Answer: A combination of genetics and environmental factors
   3. Which of the following is false? a. Psychology is empirical b. Behavior is multifactorial c. People’s experience of the world is objective d. Psychology evolves in a socio-historical context Answer: People’s experience of the world is objective
   4. B.F. Skinner is to _______________ as Carl Rogers is to _____________________ a. Psychoanalytic perspective, humanistic perspective b. Evolutionary perspective, psychoanalytic perspective c. Evolutionary perspective, humanistic perspective

d. Behavioral perspective, humanistic perspective Answer: Behavioral perspective, humanistic perspective

5. Clinical psychology grew rapidly because of a. The Vietnam War b. World War II c. An Increase in crime d. An increase in funding by the federal government Answer: World War II
6. The empirical definition of psychology means that it relies on _________to answer questions and test claims about behavior. A. personal opinions B. systematic observation C. instinctual theories D. unconscious drives Correct Answer: (B) systematic observation
7. Which of the following does NOT apply to the field of psychology? A. Psychology is determined by multiple theories. B. Psychology is the science that studies behavior and the processes underlying it. C. Psychology can always be applied using one explanation. D. Psychology is the profession that applies knowledge to practical problems to improve lives. Correct Answer: (C) Psychology can always be applied using one explanation.
8. Which of the following is one of the six major approaches to psychology? A. Structuralism B. Psychiatry C. Functionalism D. Psychoanalysis Correct Answer: (D) Psychoanalysis
9. Of the six major theoretical approaches to psychology, which is most concerned with environmental influences of observable actions? A. Humanistic B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Evolutionary Correct Answer: (B) Behavioral
10. Jessica has a serious problem with procrastination on assignments. How would an evolutionary psychologist explain this behavior? A. Jessica is focusing on the necessary needs for survival like eating, sleeping, and acting on sexual urges. B. The whole class procrastinates and Jessica is simply following everybody around her. C. Jessica is having a battle with her mind between wanting to finish and wanting to rest. D. Due dates turn Jessica off from work because she doesn’t feel as if she has the freedom to make her own choices and to achieve personal growth. Correct Answer: (A) Jessica is focusing on the necessary needs for survival like eating, sleeping, and acting on sexual urges.
11. What are the intellectual parents of psychology? A. Sociology and Philosophy

B. Physiology and Philosophy C. Biology and Sociology D. Physiology and Biology Correct answer: B. Physiology and Philosophy

2. What is the careful, systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious thought? A. Functionalism B. Structuralism C. Natural Selection D. Introspection Correct answer: D. Introspection
3. Which of the following psychologists studied humanism? A. Carl Rogers B. B.F. Skinner C. Sigmund Freud D. John B. Watson Correct answer: A. Carl Rogers
4. Which theoretical perspective of psychology believes that unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality? A. Evolutionary B. Behavioral C. Psychoanalytic D. Cognitive Correct answer: C. Psychoanalytic
5. The praying mantis has the ability to often blend in with its environment to hide from its predators and pray. This is a characteristic that has been adapted over time and helps the praying mantis survive. This is an example of what theoretical perspective? A. Behavioral B. Biological C. Evolutionary D. Cognitive Correct answer: C. Evolutionary
6. Which psychological theorist recommended that psychologists stop studying consciousness and focus on observable behaviors? A. Sigmund Freud B. John B. Watson C. Wilhelm Wundt D. Jean Piaget Correct Answer: B. John B. Watson
7. What would a person with a behavioral perspective on psychology say about a fear of spiders? A. All humans are afraid of spiders B. Humans have an unconscious fear of spiders C. The cognitive process of fear is associated with spiders

D. A spider bite earlier in life will can cause a fear of spiders Correct Answer: D. A spider bite earlier in life will can cause a fear of spiders

3. What psychological theory is defined by the textbook as “focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior”? A. Psychoanalytic B. Behaviorism C. Humanism D. Cognitive Correct Answer: A. Psychoanalytic
4. Fill in the blank. “_____________ refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.” A. Behavior B. Brain activity C. Cognition D. Neurotransmitters Correct Answer: C. Cognition
5. What is the difference between applied and clinical psychology? A. Applied deals with hypothetical scenarios and clinical deals with real life issues B. Applied deals with practical problems and clinical deals with diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders C. Applied deals with application of psychology and clinical deals with clinics D. Applied deals with doctors and psychiatrists and clinical deals with counselors and therapists Correct Answer: B. Applied deals with practical problems and clinical deals with diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
   1. Psychology can be defined as: a. A Science b. A Profession c. A Theory d. Both a Science and a Profession Answer: D. Both a Science and a Profession
   2. Alice was informed of her final exam 3 months in advance. Instead of studying proactively, she chose to wait until 3 days before the exam to begin studying. A Cognitive Psychologist would explain Alice’s behavior by saying: a. Alice observed people around her procrastinating, which therefore encouraged her to do the same b. Alice made the conscious decision to procrastinate c. Alice experienced an unconscious drive to procrastinate d. Alice’s internal body processes led her to procrastinate Answer: B. Alice made the conscious decision to procrastinate
   3. According to the most recent studies of Psychology, which of the following is true? a. Psychology can be defined by a simple, precise theory b. Individual experiences cannot be explained subjectively c. Psychology can be explained by multiple theories d. Psychological illnesses should not be taken seriously Answer: C. Psychology can be explained by multiple theories
   4. Each of the following contributed to Cognitive Psychology except: a. Piaget b. Wilson c. Chomsky

d. Simon Answer: B. Wilson

5. Joey considers himself unattractive. According to an Evolutionary Psychologist, Joey would consider his unattractiveness a downfall because: a. It could lower his self –esteem b. It could negatively influence those around him c. It could lessen his chance of reproduction d. He may never be able to acquire a good job Answer: C. It could lessen his chance of reproduction
6. Who is widely credited as the founder of modern psychology? A. Wilhem Wundt B. Torsten Wiesel C. Carl Jung D. John B. Watson Correct answer: A. Wilhem Wundt
7. Wayne is angry all the time so he decides to see a psychologist. If the psychologist says that his angriness is due to genes he inherited from his parents, which theoretical perspective does this explanation resemble? A. Behavioral B. Cognitive C. Humanistic D. Biological Correct answer: D. Biological
8. Wayne decides he is not satisfied with the explanation he received from the previous psychologist, so he goes and sees a different one. The other psychologist tells him his anger is due to unfulfilled sexual urges. Which theoretical perspective is this congruent with? (Correct answer: C) A. Biological B. Behavioral C. Psychoanalytic D. Evolutionary Correct answer: C. Psychoanalytic
9. Which theoretical perspective studies the unique aspects of human experience and sees psychology in a more positive light stating that humans are free beings with the potential for growth? A. Positive Psychology B. Humanistic Psychology C. Clinical Psychology D. Cognitive Psychology Correct answer: B. Humanistic Psychology
10. Which Psychology giant was criticized for his statement “ free will is an illusion”, stating that behavior is governed by animal urges determined by the environment?

A. Sigmund Freud B. Ivan Pavlov C. B. F. Skinner D. Abraham Maslow Correct answer: C. B. F. Skinner

1. Who is widely characterized today as the founder of psychology? A. Watson B. Skinner C. Wundt D. Pavlov Correct Answer: C. Wundt
2. What is based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related? A. Introspection B. Structuralism C. Functionalism D. Psychoanalytic Theory Correct Answer: B. Structuralism
3. Which of the following is not one of the six contemporary theoretical perspectives in psychology? A. Behavioral B. Humanisitc C. Biological D. Nurtural Correct Answer: D. Nurtural
4. Brooks believes that his yearning to get married is something that he was born with, a yearning that humans must have adapted over time. This thinking follows the _________ Perspective most closely. A. Cognitive B. Biological C. Evolutionary D. Psychoanalytic Correct answer: C. Evolutionary
5. _______________ Psychology studies how people learn and the best ways to teach them. A. Developmental B. Social C. Cognitive D. Educational Correct answer: D. Educational
6. While psychology is not only the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior, it is also… A. The study of mental development from birth to early adulthood. B. Membership in the American Psychological Association (APA). C. The fifth most popular undergraduate major in the United States. D. The profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems. Correct Answer: D. The profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.

2. What research area of psychology involves focusing on interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior? A. Educational psychology B. Social psychology C. Developmental psychology D. Cognitive psychology Correct Answer: B. Social psychology
3. According to contemporary psychology, what two factors jointly affect an individual’s intelligence, temperament, personality, and susceptibility to many psychological disorders? A. Heredity and education B. Gender and education C. Heredity and environment D. Operant and classical conditioning Correct answer: C. Heredity and environment
4. Representing about 72.1% of the total psychological professional field, what psychology profession specialty involves evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders, as well as treatment of less severe behavioral and emotional problems? A. School psychology B. Clinical neuropsychology C. Forensic psychology D. Clinical psychology Correct Answer: D. Clinical psychology
5. According to the seven unifying themes of psychology, what is the term that refers to the fact that modern psychology contains varied ideas and competing points of view? A. Theoretical diversity B. Self-serving bias C. Sociohistorical Context D. Subjectivism Correct Answer: A. Theoretical diversity
6. Which of the following is not one of the principles of testwiseness? A) Don’t overthink questions, often simple-looking questions are just what they appear to be B) Don’t go back and change your answers, your first hunch is your best hunch C) Set up a mental schedule for progressing through the test D) Don’t waste time pondering difficult questions Correct Answer: B, Don’t go back and change your answers
   2. Which area of psychologists, other than clinical psychologists, focuses on interviewing, testing, and providing therapy? A) Forensic Psychologists B) School Psychologists C) Industrial and Organizational Psychologists D) Counseling Psychologists Correct Answer: D, Counseling Psychologists
   3. If somebody says that he is a very outgoing person because his parents are both outgoing, then he is most likely basing this assumption on which theme of psychology? A) Psychology is empirical B) Behavior is determined by multiple causes C) Heredity and Environment jointly influence behavior D) People’s experience of the world is highly subjective Correct Answer: C, Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior

4. Which of the following is not one of the seven major research areas in modern psychology? A) Sports Psychology B) Experimental Psychology C) Psychometrics D) Health Psychology Correct Answer: A, Sports Psychology
5. Which is not an effective way to develop sound study habits? A) Set up a schedule for studying B) Listen to your favorite music while studying C) Reward your studying D) Find a place to study where you can concentrate Correct Answer: B, listen to your favorite music while studying
6. Psychology is the _________ that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior, and it is the _________ that applies this accumulated knowledge to practical problems. A. science, profession B. discipline, profession C. science, discipline D. field, science Correct answer: A. science, profession
7. Which of the following is not a key theme related to the study of psychology? A. Behavior is determined by multiple causes B. Psychology is empirical C. Theories of behavior are surprisingly simple and uniform D. People’s experience of the world is subjective Correct Answer: C. Theories of behavior are surprisingly simple and uniform
8. Heredity and environment influence behavior in which of the following ways? A. Heredity influences behavior almost exclusively B. Environment influences behavior almost exclusively C. Heredity is responsible for some aspects of behavior, while environment is responsible for other unrelated aspects of behavior D. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior Correct answer: D. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior
9. Social psychologists focus their research on all of the following aspects of behavior except A. Human development B. Interpersonal behavior C. Conformity D. Group dynamics Correct answer: A. Human development
10. About 72% of psychologists that deliver professional services are ______________? A. Counseling psychologists B. Clinical psychologists C. Forensic psychologists D. Psychoanalytic psychologists Correct answer: B. Clinical psychologists

1. What theoretical perspective in psychology states that the unconscious motives and experiences of one’s early childhood governs their personality and mental disorders? A. Cognitive B. Psychoanalytic C. Behavioral D. Evolutionary Correct Answer: B. Psychoanalytic
2. What major school of thought depended on the method of introspection, the systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience? A. Functionalism B. Natural Selection C. Structuralism D. Psychoanalysis Correct Answer: Structuralism
3. Freud concluded that Psychological disturbances are largely caused by: A. Personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level B. Reactions to one’s environment C. Heredity D. How people cope with their sexual urges. Correct Answer: A. Personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level
4. Which Psychologist stated that your behavior is determined in predictable ways by lawful principles similar to the flight of an arrow being governed by the law of physics? A. John B. Watson B. Ivan Pavlov C. Sigmund Freud D. B.F. Skinner Correct Answer: D. B.F. Skinner
5. Which branch of psychology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders? A. Clinical Psychology B. Applied Psychology C. Experimental Psychology D. Psychometrics Correct Answer: A. Clinical Psychology William Wundt made contributions to psychology by _________. Using classical conditioning in order to make dogs salivate at the sound of a Bell. B. Introducing the psychoanalytical approach to psychology. C. Establishing the first formal laboratory for psychology research. D. Concluding that humans were free beings with room for personal growth. Correct answer: C. Establishing the first formal laboratory for psychology research. John walked into a crowded room of people where everyone was sitting down in a chair. He then sits down in a chair. A behavioral psychologist would focus on _________ to explain John’s sitting. A. His unconscious mind compelling him to sit. B. John’s thoughts that he should sit. C. That John was tired. D. His observable actions. Correct answer: D. His observable actions. In what way is psychology scientific?

A. It is empirical; it relies on systematic observation and research. B. It is used in specific situations. C. It is used in therapy. D. Certain aspects of psychology examine the biological aspects of the mind, such as the brain. Correct answer: A. It is empirical; it relies on systematic observation and research. The branch of psychology that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders refers to A. The biological perspective of psychology B. Clinical psychology C. Evolutionary psychology D. Applied psychology Correct answer: B. Clinical psychology __________ is based on analyzing the individual elements of consciousness and how they are related. A. Functionalism B. Structuralism C. Psychoanalytical theory D. Symantic Processing Correct answer: B. Structuralism

1. A clinical neuropsychologist would deal with and treat which patient/s? a. A young student having difficulties with social development in elementary school b. A human resource manager struggling to maintain a high level of workplace morale c. A newly divorced family in the midst of a custody battle d. A recent car crash victim with dementia due to nervous system dysfunctions Correct Answer: d. A recent car crash victim with dementia due to nervous system dysfunctions
2. Two psychologists spend two weeks observing a patient is who is believed to have a generalized anxiety disorder. After these two weeks, the two psychologists carefully study the data while asking very skeptical questions about the obtained information before coming to a conclusion on the diagnosis of their patient. These behaviors fit which of the seven unifying themes of psychology? a. Behavior is determined by Multiple Causes b. Psychology is Empirical c. People’s Experience of the World is Highly Subjective d. Psychology is Theoretically Diverse Correct Answer: b. Psychology is Empirical
3. Which type of psychology deals with the development of personality tests in order to determine and objectify many personality traits? a. Pyschometrics b. Personality c. Social Psychology d. Health Psychology Correct Answer: a. Psychometrics
4. A major part of the theme, Behavior is Determined by Multiple Causes, is the multifactorial causation of behavior. Which answer best represents this idea?

a. Behavior is governed by a complex network of interacting factors b. Behavior is governed by multiple, independent causes c. Behavior can be determined by the exact same specific set of interrelated factors d. Behavior is governed by a simple set of concrete factors Correct Answer: a. Behavior is governed a complex network of interacting factors

5. Which is NOT a good piece of advice for taking multiple choice exams? a. Answers representing broad, sweeping generalizations are usually incorrect. b. “None of the Above” answers are generally not correct c. Some information in early questions could hint at questions found later in the test. d. Read all answers before choosing because one answer may be more correct than another Correct Answer: b. “None of the Above” answers are generally not correct
6. __________is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processed that underlie behavior, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems. a. Culture b. Theory c. Psychology d. Empiricism The Correct answer is C; Psychology
7. There are many different types of professions in the field of Psychology. Which category has the largest population of psychology members: a. Clinical Psychology b. Counseling c. School d. Forensic The Correct answer is A; Clinical Psychology
8. Empiricism would be related closest to which of the Seven Unifying Themes of Psychology a. Theme 1 b. Theme 3 c. Theme 5 d. Theme 7 The Correct answer is A; Theme 1
9. John describes that psychology develops in a sociohistorical context. This would be closest related with which of the Seven Themes: a. Theme 1 b. Theme 2 c. Theme 3 d. Theme 4 The Correct answer is C; Theme 3
10. Carl Rogers has a what type of perspective in psychology: a. Behavioral b. Humanistic c. Biological d. Evolutionary

The Correct answer is B; Humanistic

1. What is the principle professional specialty in contemporary psychology? A. Industrial/Organizational B. Clinical C. Counseling D. School Correct answer: B. Clinical
2. One major theme in Psychology is that it is empirical. This means that its conclusions are based on: A. Reasoning B. Common sense C. Speculation D. Direct observation Correct Answer: D. Direct observation
3. Which of the following statements about Psychology’s subject matter is false? A. Behavior is not determined by multiple causes B. Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage C. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior D. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective Correct answer: A. Behavior is not determined by multiple causes
4. Between which two professional psychological specialties is there the most similarity in activities in which the psychologist engages? A. School and Forensic B. Industrial/Organizational and Clinical Neuropsychology C. Clinical and Counseling D. Clinical and Forensic Correct answer: C. Clinical and Counseling
5. Which is NOT a skill exhibited by a critical thinker? A. They assume that information is true because it is from a reliable source B. They understand and use the principles of scientific investigation C. They apply the rules of formal and informal logic D. They analyze arguments for the soundness of the conclusions Correct answer: A. They assume that information is true because it is from a reliable source

1. Approximately what percentage of psychologists work in colleges and universities?

a. 14% b. 20% c. 5% d. 28% Correct Answer:D. 28%

2. Many universities psychology departments have a quantitative psychology program. Faculty in this program study research

methods and work to develop better ways to analyze research data. Quantitative psychology fits within which research area of psychology? a. Psychometrics b. Cognitive Psychology c. Educational Psychology d. Social Psychology Correct Answer: A. Psychometrics

3. There are currently several different researchers who study the psychological impact of cell phone use. However, no one

did any research on this 20 years ago. This research trend fits which of the seven unifying themes? a. Psychology is Empirical b. Psychology is Theoretically Diverse c. Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context d. Behavior is Shaped by Cultural Heritage Correct Answer: C. psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context

4. Learning can be exciting, but studying is not something that comes naturally. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a study

plan or program. The first step in creating a study plan is to set up a schedule for studying. Which of the following is an important second step in this program? a. Play soothing music while you study b. Find a place to study where you can concentrate c. Reward your studying d. Eat throughout studying Correct Answer: B. Find a place to study where you can concentrate

5. Which of the following themes does not suggest every behavior has complex, multiple causes.

a. Heredity and Environment Jointly Influence Behavior b. People’s Experience of the World is Highly Subjective c. Behavior is Determined by Multiple Causes d. Behavior is Shaped by Cultural Heritage Correct Answer: B. People’s Experience of the World is Highly Subjective

1. The book states that applied psychology consists of four well-established areas of specialization, what are they? A. Clinical, counseling, school, and industrial/organization. B. Clinical, counseling, health, and psychometric. C. Clinical, health, industrial/organization, and psychometric. D. Health, psychometric, positive, and clinical. Correct answer: A. Clinical, counseling, school, and industrial/organization.
2. Dr. Hellum’s research focuses on “higher” mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving, decision making, and creativity. What area of psychology does his research specifically deal with? A. Developmental psychology. B. Cognitive psychology. C. Health psychology. D. Educational psychology. Correct answer: B. Cognitive psychology.
3. There are seven unifying themes of psychology. Which one is based on the idea that knowledge should be acquired through observation? A. Psychology is theoretically diverse. B. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. C. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective. D. Psychology is empirical.

Correct answer. D. Psychology is empirical.

4. Jason is a student majoring in psychology. He is particularly interested in studying the adaptive value of people’s behavior. What type of psychology is this? A. Positive psychology. B. Developmental psychology. C. Evolutionary psychology. D. Behavioral psychology. Correct answer. C. Evolutionary psychology.
5. Hannah is psychologist that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders. What branch of psychology does she practice? A. Clinical psychology. B. Applied psychology. C. Positive psychology. D. Cognitive psychology. Correct answer. A. Clinical psychology. Which of the following is not one of the established professional specialties in psychology? Clinical School Cerebral Counseling Answer: C Which major area of psychological research examines the influence of genetic factors on behavior and the role of the brain, nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemicals in the regulation of behavior? Health Physiological Personality Psychometrics Answer: B Which psychologist started the first psychology research laboratory in Leipzig, Germany? Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Freud Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner Answer: A What is the first of the seven unifying themes in psychology? Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage Psychology is theoretically diverse People’s experience of the world is highly subjective Psychology is Empirical Answer: D Answer changing on tests generally did what to students’ test scores? Increased

Decreased Stayed the same No effect Answer: A

1. Which of the following attitudes is required in order to successfully utilize an empiricist approach? A. Certainty B. Skepticism C. Positivity D. Indifference Correct answer is B. Skepticism
2. Psychologists use a system of interrelated ideas to explain a set of observation. What is this system called? A. Common Sense B. Law C. Theory D. Proposal Correct answer is C. Theory
3. Tommy suffers from severe anger management. He visits multiple psychologists with hopes of finding the cause of his anger issues. The psychologists provide him with different reasons for his anger. Which psychological theme explains why the psychologist provided different reasons? A. Behavior is determined by multiple causes B. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective C. Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage D. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior Correct answer is A. Behavior is determined by multiple causes
4. Which method to improve your study habits involves principles of behavior modification described by B. F. Skinner? A. Set up a schedule B. Find a place to study where you can concentrate C. Making charts and taking tests D. Reward your studying Correct answer is D. Reward your studying
5. Developmental, Experimental, Cognitive, and Social are all what types of areas in psychology? A. Professions B. Research areas C. Psychological Perspectives D. Psychological themes Correct answer is B. Research areas 1.) Which statement is not compliant with the seven themes of psychology? a. Psychology is empirical b. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context c. Heredity has a bigger influence than environment over behavior d. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective Correct answer: C (Heredity has a bigger influence than environment over behavior) 2.) What could not be considered a relevant personal factor cause of behavior that would influence one’s performance in an academic course? a. Overall intelligence b. Study skills

c. Reading ability d. Age Correct answer: D (Age) 3.) In which setting do the greatest percentage of psychologists work? a. Hospitals and clinics b. Private practices c. Colleges and universities d. Other Correct answer: A (Hospitals and universities) 4.) Jane and Matt are having an intense discussion about the themes of psychology one day. Matt insists that “psychology is empirical”, but he does not know how to explain this. You [Jorge] know exactly how to help Matt. How do you explain empiricism? a. Knowledge is acquired from assumptions and educated guesses b. Knowledge is gained from observation c. Knowledge is based on a number of different and diverse observations d. Knowledge is gained, but can change over time Correct answer: B (Knowledge is gained from observation) 5.) Jenna is struggling in her cognitive psychology class because she has no sense of proper study habits. As her best friend who wants to see her succeed, what advice should you probably not give her? a. Set up a consistent schedule for studying b. Find a place to study where she can concentrate c. Reward her studying with immediate, tangible rewards for studying d. Don’t break major tasks into small pieces. Do the biggest tasks all at once. Correct answer: Don’t break major tasks into small pieces

1. The term psychology refers to multiple fields. Psychology is both A. A science and a research field B. A science and a profession C. A profession and a research field D. A branch of medical science and a branch of social science Correct Answer: B. A science and a profession
2. The word “psych” is the root word of psychology. This term referring to breath, soul, spirit, or mind, comes from ancient A. Roman B. Latin C. Hebrew D. Greek Correct Answer: D. Greek
3. The goal of the profession of psychology is to A. Improve people’s lives B. Help people understand what is wrong with them C. Show people other cases that are similar to their own D. Learn more about why people act the way that they do Correct Answer: A. Improve people’s lives
4. Which branch of psychology focuses on conscious thoughts, beliefs, and expectations? A. Psychoanalytic B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Evolutionary Correct Answer: C. Cognitive

5. Which branch of psychology focuses on the environmental influences on observable behaviors? A. Evolutionary B. Biological C. Humanistic D. Behavioral Correct Answer: D. Behavioral
6. Psychology is both a ____________ that uses systematic observation and a ____________ that applies ideas to every day lives. A. profession; science B. theory; explanation C. science; profession D. profession; theory Correct Answer: C. science; profession
7. “Psych-” is a Greek root word meaning: A. Brain B. Life and love C. Soul, spirit, and mind D. Sick Correct Answer: C. Soul, spirit, and mind
8. Which theoretical perspective in psychology focuses on conscious thoughts and beliefs? A. Cognitive B. Understood C. Humanistic D. Behavioral Correct Answer: A. Cognitive
9. A student begins to see a decline in his grades, so he goes to see a counselor. The counselor asks if the student has had any new troubles, problems, or changes at home and outside of school. What theoretical perspective is this counselor taking? A. Psychoanalytical B. Behavioral C. Biological D. Evolutionary Correct Answer: B. Behavioral
10. Which statement is true about Psychology? A. There are simple explanations to psychology. B. Observation is rarely used in psychology. C. Psychologists mostly use one theory to explain thoughts, actions, or emotions. D. Individual experience is highly subjective. Correct Answer: D. Individual experience is highly subjective
11. Which of the following does not support the idea that psychology is a science? A. Psychology is empirical. B. Psychology is based on systematic observations. C. During a profession, the knowledge psychology provides is applied to specific situation. D. Psychology can be replicated. Correct Answer: C. During a profession, the knowledge psychology provides is applied to a specific situation.

2. Which theoretical perspective in psychology best describes the idea that behavior is not only controlled by the conscious; the unconscious motives influence behavior, as well? A. Behavioral B. Psychoanalytic C. Evolutionary D. Humanistic Correct Answer: B. Psychoanalytic
3. “One of the reasons women have children is because of environmental factors, such as society, influence them.” This reason as to why women have children can best be explained by which theoretical perspective? A. Behavioral B. Psychoanalytic C. Biological D. Humanistic Correct Answer: A. Behavioral
4. So far, psychology has proved us with lots of knowledge that can be applied to our daily lifestyles. Which of the following is not true about the knowledge learned in psychology? A. Psychology always uses multiple theories when explaining behavior. B. There is no simple explanation in psychology; behavior is determined by multiple factors. C. Individual experience is subjective. D. Majority of behavior can usually be explained by one reason. Correct Answer: D. Majority of behavior can usually be explained by one reason.
5. The only reason why women decide to have children is due to a biological desire to reproduce. The reason why this statement is invalid is best described by which of the following: A. Behavior is determined by multiple factors. B. The statement above is not invalid. C. Psychology is based on systematic observations. D. The biological perspective is not used to understand behavior. Correct Answer: A. Behavior is determined by multiple factors.
6. The cognitive approach attributes behavior to: A. Unconscious motives B. Conscious thoughts, beliefs, expectations C. Body structures and processes D. Observable behavior Correct Answer: B. Conscious thoughts, beliefs, expectations
7. Which psychologist would attribute a student’s procrastination on a paper to their peers also procrastinating? A. Skinner B. Adler C. Piaget D. Darwin Correct Answer: A. Skinner
8. Science is not only a science, but a profession as well. As a profession, what is psychology’s goal? A. Establish an accurate knowledge base B. Use systematic observations

C. Solve the world’s problems D. Improve peoples’ lives Correct Answer: D. Improve peoples’ lives

4. Because individual experience is subjective, psychologists rely on all of the following to establish an accurate knowledge base EXCEPT: A. Systematic observations B. Empirical research C. Therapy D. Peer review Correct Answer: C. Therapy
5. If Taylor decides to go to a party even after her parents tell her not to, which psychological approach most likely suffices as an explanation for her defiance? A. Psychoanalytic B. Cognitive C. Biological D. Humanistic Correct Answer: D. Humanistic
   1. Psychology is both: a) A science and a law b) A profession and a theory c) A science and a profession d) A theory and a law Correct Answer: C – A science and a profession
   2. Who was the main proponent in the psychoanalytic perspective of psychology? a) Sigmund Freud b) Wilhelm Wundt c) William James d) John Watson Correct Answer: A – Sigmund Freud
   3. Which is not a contemporary theoretical perspective of psychology? a) Behavioral b) Humanistic c) Evolutionary d) Physical Correct Answer: D – Physical
   4. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a) Psychology is based primarily upon Freud’s theories. b) Psychology has no simple explanations and there are multiple theories to explain most phenomena.

c) Psychology is very exact in that all of its theories are based on empirical evidence. d) There is usually only one predominant theory to explain a psychological phenomenon. Correct Answer: B – Psychology has no simple explanations and there are multiple theories to explain most phenomena.

5. What does the humanistic perspective of psychology entail? a) Environmental effects on the behavior of individuals b) Unconscious determinants of behavior c) Thoughts, mental processes, and expectations d) Unique aspects of human experience, human free will and growth Correct Answer: D - Unique aspects of human experience, human free will and growth
6. Who was originally responsible for the creation of behaviorism? A. Skinner B. Watson C. Freud D. McCauley B. Watson
7. What two “schools” of thought oppose each other in Psychology? A. Structuralism and Inspection B. Commensalism and Introspection C. Functionalism and Structuralism D. Functionalism and Introspection C. Functionalism and Structuralism
8. How does the Psychoanalytic Theory tries to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders? A. By focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior B. Blaming the parents of the subject C. Focusing on environmental factors D. Honing in on the educational system A. By focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
9. Cognition deals with what type of processes when utilizing acquired knowledge? A. Philosophical processes B. Analytic processes C. Memory processes D. Mental processes D. Mental Processes
10. What does it mean to say Psychology is empirical? A. Its based on subject’s well-being B. It can be interpreted in many ways C. It is based on direct observation D. It can evolve quickly C. It is based on direct observation

1. What does the word psych, from which we derive psychology, mean in Greek? a. thought b. human

c. mind d. brain c. mind

2. When David takes tests, he finds that he is very stressed out. He believes this is due to the silence of the classroom, the tense expression of his teacher, and the concentrated look of other students. David is using which psychological perspective? a. Cognitive b. Humanist c. Psychoanalytic d. Behavioral d. Behavioral
3. Which of these basic elements is NOT true about psychology? a. It is based off of multiple theories b. Psychology does not require empirical evidence c. There are no simple explanations d. Individual experience is subjective b. Psychology does not require empirical evidence
4. Ellen blames her shyness on the shyness of her mother. She’s using which psychological perspective? a. Behavioral b. Biological c. Psycholanalytic d. A or B e. All of the above d. A or B
5. Psychology as a profession involves… a. application of the knowledge gained in studies b. creating studies and finding evidence c. seeking out empirical knowledge d. peer review, criticism, and correction a. application of the knowledge gained in studies
6. Psychology is both ______ and ________. A. Science/ Practice B. Theories/ Empirical Facts C. Science/Profession