Solutions and Electrolytes in Chemistry: Concepts and Calculations, Slides of Chemistry

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Solutions

Solutions

• Mixture–

Solute

is uniformlydistributed inthe^

Solvent

-^ Water is themost commonsolvent

Hydrogen bonds

-^ Hydrogen

bonding

-^ Very

important

interactions

(not

just

with

water)

Hydrogen

bonds

-^ Hydrogen

bonds

in^ Biology

are^

very

important

-^ Example:

DNA

Examples of Solutions

Solutions^ •

Gases form solutions easily– Particles move rapidly– Don’t have any attraction to

themselves anyway

-^ Solids and liquids:– “like dissolves like”– Polar solvents dissolve ionic

and polar compounds– Nonpolar solvents dissolvenonpolar compounds

Electrolytes

Electrolyte: solute that conducts electricity when dissolved•^ Strong electrolyte:^ – dissociates completely into ions in water •^ Weak electrolyte:^ – only

a^ few

molecules

dissociate

into^

ions^ in

water

• Conduct

electricity

weakly

• Dissociation

/^ recombination

) ( Cl) ( Na

(s) NaCl

OH 2

aq

aq^



^



 

) (F ) (H

HF^

aq aq

(aq)

 ^





Electrolytes

-^ Nonelectrolytes:^ – Dissolve in water as whole molecules

)(

OH

C

OH

C^

(^1122) 12 OH (^1122) 12

2

aq

(s)^

 

Electrolytes

Equivalents

Equivalent:amount of ion equal to 1 mole of positive or negativeelectrical charge How many moles of sodium ions are in 500. mL of blood, ifa typical concentration for Na

+^ in the blood is 138

mEq/L?