SPCH 1311 Exam 1 Review Questions, Exams of Nursing

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Feedforward Message - correct answer ✔✔is information you provide before sending your primary messages. Feedback Messages - correct answer ✔✔when you send a message- in addition to self feedback, you also get feedback from others. Channel - correct answer ✔✔is the vehicle or medium through which messages pass. Noise - correct answer ✔✔anything that interferes with you receiving a message Encoding - correct answer ✔✔when you put your ideas into speech, you're putting them into a code; hence you're encoding. Decoding - correct answer ✔✔when you translate the sound waves (speech signals) that impinge on your ears or read the words on a screen, into ideas, you take them out of the code they're in; hence decoding. Phatic Communication - correct answer ✔✔"small talk" that opens the way for "big talk" Mindfulness - correct answer ✔✔is a state of awareness in which you're conscious of your reasons for thinking or behaving Ethnic Identity - correct answer ✔✔as you learn your cultures ways, you develop an ethnic identity- for example, you self-identity as a member of the group, your embrace (largely) the attitudes and beliefs of the group, and behave as a member of the group.

Ethnocentrism - correct answer ✔✔is an extreme ethnic identity; its the tendency to see others and their behavior through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors. Its the tendency to evaluate the values, beliefs, and behaviors of your own culture as superior and as more positive, logical, and natural than those of other cultures. Communication Competence - correct answer ✔✔the ability to communicate effectively. Code Switching - correct answer ✔✔refers to using more than one language in conversation, often in the same sentence... refers to using different language styles depending on the situation. Mindlessness - correct answer ✔✔you lack conscious awareness of what or how you're thinking. Self-concept - correct answer ✔✔is your image of who you are. how you perceive yourself. Self-esteem - correct answer ✔✔is a measure of how valuable you think you are. If you have a high self- esteem you think highly of yourself. Same with low self esteem. Self-disclosure - correct answer ✔✔means communicating information about yourself to another person. Selective Perception - correct answer ✔✔selective attention and selective exposure. Selective Exposure - correct answer ✔✔you tend to expose yourself to information that will confirm your existing beliefs, you contribute to your objectives, or will prove satisfying in some way. Proximity - correct answer ✔✔physical closeness Similarity - correct answer ✔✔the quality or state of being similar Selective Attention - correct answer ✔✔you attend to those things that you anticipate will fulfill your needs or will prove enjoyable. if you are daydreaming in class you don't know what the professor is saying until he calls your name.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy - correct answer ✔✔is a prediction that comes true because you act on it as if it were true. Primacy Effect - correct answer ✔✔would your evaluation be more favorable if the dull classes occurs in the first half of the semester and the exciting classes is the second? Or would it be more favorable if the order were reversed? If what comes first exerts the most the most influence, you have primacy effect. Recency Effect - correct answer ✔✔if what comes last (or most recently) exerts the most influence, you have recency effect. Stereotype - correct answer ✔✔is a fixed impression of a group of people. Self-serving bias - correct answer ✔✔when you take credit for the positive and deny responsibility of the negative Attribution - correct answer ✔✔an ascribed quality, character, or light Overattribution - correct answer ✔✔the tendency to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attribute everything that person does to these characteristics Fundamental Attribution Error - correct answer ✔✔occurs when you overvalue the contribution of internal actor and undervalue the influence of external factors. Self-handicapping Strategy - correct answer ✔✔if you were about to tackle a difficult task and were concerned that you might fail, you might use what are called self handicapping strategies. In the more extreme form of this strategy, you actually set up barriers or obstacles to make the task impossible. Self-deprecating Strategy - correct answer ✔✔if you want to be taken care of and protected, or if you simply want someone to come to your aid, you might use self deprecating strategies.

Self-monitoring Strategy - correct answer ✔✔much impression management is devoted not merely to presenting a positive image, but to suppressing the negative, to self monitoring strategies in which you censor what you say or do. Image-confirming Strategy - correct answer ✔✔to reinforce your positive perception about yourself. Backchanneling Cues - correct answer ✔✔messages (words and gestures) that let the speaker know you're paying attention, as when you nod in an agreement or say "i see" or "uh-huh" Offensive Listening - correct answer ✔✔he tendency to listen to bits and pieces of info that will enable you to attack the speaker or find fault with anything the speaker has said. strive to be objective. Empathic Listening - correct answer ✔✔active/reflective listening Assimilation - correct answer ✔✔the process of receiving new facts, or of responding to new situations in conformity with what is already available to consciousness Denotation - correct answer ✔✔the objective or descriptive meaning of a word; its referential meaning Connotation - correct answer ✔✔the feeling of emotional aspect of meaning, generally viewed as consisting of evaluating. (good/bad) (strong/weak) (slow/fast) dimensions; the associations of a term. Contrast denotation. Abstraction - correct answer ✔✔(general concept- entertainment) a general concept derived from a class of objects; a part representation of some whole. Also the quality of being abstract. Principle of Directness - correct answer ✔✔ Assertiveness - correct answer ✔✔characterized by bold or confident statements and behavior Principle of Cooperation - correct answer ✔✔a principle of conversation that refers to the mutually agreed-upon assumption that two people will try to understand each other.

Disconfirmation - correct answer ✔✔a communication pattern in which someone ignores a person or that persons messages, even denying the right o the individual to define himself or herself. Contrast: confirmation Rejection - correct answer ✔✔is not the same as disconfirmation. In rejection, you disagree with the person; you indicate your unwillingness to accept something the other person says or does. However, you do not deny that persons significance. Confirmation - correct answer ✔✔a communication pattern that acknowledges another persons presence and also indicates an acceptance of this person and his or her definition of self, and the relationship as defined or viewed by this person. Contrast: disconfirmation. Ableism - correct answer ✔✔discrimination or prejudist against individuals with disabilities Racist Language - correct answer ✔✔1) the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others

2. abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief Ageism - correct answer ✔✔discrimination based on age Heterosexist Language - correct answer ✔✔abusive or aggressive behavior towards members of the same sex based on their sex preference. Sexist Language - correct answer ✔✔language derogatory to one gender, usually women. Fact-inference Confusion - correct answer ✔✔a misevaluation in which someone makes an inference, regards it as a fact, and acts on it as if it were a fact. Polarization - correct answer ✔✔a form of fallacious reasoning by which only the two extremes are considered; also referred to as "black and white" or "either/or" thinking or as two-valued orientation.

Static Evaluation - correct answer ✔✔an orientation that fails to recognize that the world is characterized by constant change; an attitude that sees people and events as fixed rather than as constantly changing Emblems - correct answer ✔✔nonverbal behaviors that directly translate words or phrases- for example, the signs for "ok" and "peace" Illustrators - correct answer ✔✔nonverbal behaviors that accompany and literally illustrate verbal messages- for example, upward hand movements that accompany the verbalization "its up there" Affect Displays - correct answer ✔✔movements of the facial area that covey emotional meaning- for example, anger, fear, or surprise Regulators - correct answer ✔✔nonverbal behaviors that regulate, monitor, or control the communications of another person Adaptors - correct answer ✔✔nonverbal behaviors that satisfy some personal need and usually occur without awareness, such as scratching to relieve an itch or moistening your lips to relieve dryness. Three types of adaptors are often distinguished: self-adaptors, alter-adaptors, and object-adaptors Oculesics - correct answer ✔✔a technical term for the study of eye movements. Civil Inattention - correct answer ✔✔a polite ignoring of others so as not to invade their privacy Self-adaptors - correct answer ✔✔movements that satisfy a physical need, especially to make out more comfortable; for example, scratching your head to relieve an itch, moistening your lips because they feel dry, or pushing your hair out of your eyes Proxemics - correct answer ✔✔the study of the nature, degree, and effect of the spatial separation individuals naturally maintain (as in various social and interpersonal situations) and of how this separation relates to environmental and cultural factors

Spatial or Proxemic Distance: - correct answer ✔✔Intimate- the closest proxemics distance, ranging from touching to 18 inches away. Personal- the second closest proxemics distance ranging from 18-4 feet away. Social- the third proxemic distance, ranging from 4-12 feed, the distance at which business is usually conducted. Public- the longest proxemic distance, ranging from 12 to more than 25 feet. Artifactual Messages - correct answer ✔✔messages conveys through the wearing and arrangements of various artifacts- for example, clothing, jewelry, buttons, or the furniture in your house and its arrangement Olfactics - correct answer ✔✔non verbal communication by smell Haptics - correct answer ✔✔the study of touch communication Chronemics - correct answer ✔✔the study of the communicative nature of time- the way we treat time and use it to communicate. Two general areas of chronemics are psychological time, interpersonal time, and cultural time. Psychological Time - correct answer ✔✔ Monochronic & Polychromic Time Orientation - correct answer ✔✔a view of time in which things are done sequentially, with one thing being scheduled at a time. Social Clock - correct answer ✔✔the cultural time table for the accomplishment of a variety of lifes milestone Paralanguage - correct answer ✔✔the vocal but nonverbal aspect of speech. Monologue - correct answer ✔✔a dramatic sketch performed by one actor Dialogue - correct answer ✔✔a form of communication in which each person is both speaker and listener; communication characterized by involvement, concern, and respect of the other person.

Immediacy - correct answer ✔✔a sense of contract and togetherness; a feeling of interest in and liking for the other person in an interchange. A quality of interpersonal effectiveness. Turn-Yielding Cues - correct answer ✔✔verbal or nonverbal signals indicating the speakers desire to give up the speakers role. Turn-Requesting Cues - correct answer ✔✔verbal or nonverbal behaviors that let the speaker know that you would like to say something and take a turn as speaker Turn-Denying Cues - correct answer ✔✔verbal or nonverbal cues indicating that the listener does not want to assume the role of speakers. Compliment Interruptions - correct answer ✔✔ Attraction Theory - correct answer ✔✔a theory holding that we form relationships on the basis of our attraction of another person Social Exchange Theory - correct answer ✔✔a theory hypothesizing that people develop relationship in which their rewards, or profits, will be greater that their costs and that people avoid or terminate relationships in which the costs exceed the rewards Equity Theory - correct answer ✔✔a theory claiming that you experience relational satisfaction when there is an equal distribution of rewards and costs between the two persons in the relationship. Rules Theory - correct answer ✔✔a theory that describes relationships as interactions governed by a series of rules that the members agree to follow. When the rules are followed, the relationship is maintained. Gunnysacking - correct answer ✔✔an unproductive conflict strategies of storing up grievances as if a gunnysack and holding them in readiness to dump on the other person in a conflict. Verbal Aggressiveness - correct answer ✔✔

Argumentativeness - correct answer ✔✔a willingness to speak your mind, to argue for a point of view. Provisionalism - correct answer ✔✔an attitude of open kindness that leads to the creation of supportiveness. Illustrate the Essentials of Human Communication model. (draw with all parts and words in the correct place) - correct answer ✔✔Photo. List the four context of communication - correct answer ✔✔Physical Context. Cultural Context. Social- Psychological Context. Temporal Context List four traits of a competent communicator - correct answer ✔✔1) choice maker realizes that each communication situation can be approached in different ways. 2) choice maker has a large arsenal of available choices. 3) because each situation is different from every other communication situation, the competent choice maker can effectively evaluate the available choices based on knowledge of the research and theory in human communication. He can make the choice of what will work and will not work. 4) choice maker has the interpersonal, small-group, and public speaking skills for executing these choices effectively. List the four influences of our self-concept - correct answer ✔✔1) Others images of you 2) Comparisons with others 3) Cultural teachings 4) Self-evaluations. List the four styles of listening - correct answer ✔✔1) Empathic Listening 2) Polite Listening 3) Critical Listening 4)Active Listening List (in the correct order) the five stages or steps of a conversation - correct answer ✔✔1) Opening 2) Feedforward 3) Business 4) Feedback 5) Closing Illustrate (in the correct order) the Six Stages of Relationships - correct answer ✔✔1) Contact 2) Involvement 3) Intimacy 4) Deterioration 5) Repair 6) Dissolution List the five conflict styles and their consequences - correct answer ✔✔1) Competing- great concern for your needs; little concern for others. 2) Avoiding- little concern for your own or others needs 3)

Compromising- some concern for your now and others needs 4) Accommodating- great concern for others needs; little concern for your own 5) Collaborating- great concern for your own and others needs